@article {8844,
	title = {Salt marsh nitrogen cycling: where land meets sea},
	journal = {Trends in Microbiology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-10-2023},
	issn = {0966842X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2023.09.010},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966842X23002706},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Bernhard, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Giblin, Anne E.}
}
@article {8836,
	title = {Sediment Exchange Across Coastal Barrier Landscapes Alters Ecosystem Extents},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {5017},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-17-2023},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2023GL103680},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL103680},
	author = {Reeves, I. R. B. and Moore, L. J. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S. and Kirwan, M. L.}
}
@article {8837,
	title = {Small Reservoirs as Nitrogen Transformers: Accounting for Seasonal Variability in Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Processing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {12815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-11-2023},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JG007635},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JG007635},
	author = {Whitney, Christopher T. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Gold, Arthur J. and Buonpane, Joshua M.}
}
@article {johnston_spatial_2023,
	title = {Spatial dimensions of water quality value in New England river networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e2120255119},
	abstract = {Households{\textquoteright} willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvements{\textemdash}representing their economic value{\textemdash}depends on where improvements occur. Households often hold higher values for improvements close to their homes or iconic areas. Are there other areas where improvements might hold high value to individual households, do effects on WTP vary by type of improvement, and can these areas be identified even if they are not anticipated by researchers? To answer these questions, we integrated a water quality model and map-based, interactive choice experiment to estimate households{\textquoteright} WTP for water quality improvements throughout a river network covering six New England states. The choice experiment was implemented using a push-to-web survey over a sample of New England households. Voting scenarios used to elicit WTP included interactive geographic information system (GIS) maps that illustrated three water quality measures at various zoom levels across the study domain. We captured data on how respondents maneuvered through these maps prior to answering the value-eliciting questions. Results show that WTP was influenced by regionwide quality improvements and improvements surrounding each respondent{\textquoteright}s home, as anticipated, but also by improvements in individualized locations identifiable via each respondent{\textquoteright}s map interactions. These spatial WTP variations only appear for low-quality rivers and are focused around particular areas of New England. The study shows that dynamic map interactions can convey salient information for WTP estimation and that predicting spatial WTP heterogeneity based primarily on home or iconic locations, as typically done, may overlook areas where water quality has high value.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	author = {Johnston, Robert J. and Moeltner, Klaus and Peery, Seth and Ndebele, Tom and Yao, Zhenyu and Crema, Stefano and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Besedin, Elena}
}
@article {nordio_salinity_2022,
	title = {Salinity increases with water table elevation at the boundary between salt marsh and forest},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {608},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {127576},
	abstract = {The migration of salt marshes into forests along coastal regions is nowadays well documented. Sea level rise and storms threaten coastal forests by increasing groundwater levels and salinity. Salinization is the main cause of forest conversion to salt marsh in North America. In this paper we study groundwater levels and salinity in two wells installed at the border between forest and salt marsh in the lower Delmarva peninsula, USA. The upper well is located in the regenerative forest, where recruitment is still possible, while the lower well is located in the persistent forest, where only mature trees survive. Groundwater in the upper well is fresh at the root depth, while in the lower well the mean salinity is 8 ppt. Our data suggest that rainfall has an instantaneous effect on salinity and groundwater levels, but it does not affect salinity and groundwater levels on longer periods (weeks to months). Groundwater levels and salinity reflect the hydraulic gradient toward the marsh (a proxy for outgoing water fluxes), the uphill hydraulic gradient (a proxy for incoming water fluxes) and temperature (a proxy for evapotranspiration). Salinity increases when groundwater levels are high. To explain this result, we put forward the hypothesis that a high water table favors the flux of surficial, fresh water to the marsh, and loss of freshwater by evapotranspiration. These losses are likely replenished by saltier water moving at depth.},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127576},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422001512},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_storm_2022,
	title = {Storm Surge and Tidal Dissipation in Deltaic Wetlands Bordering a Main Channel},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JC017655},
	abstract = {Deltas are complex systems where tidal and riverine signals interact with each other. In river-dominated deltas, where river discharge is sufficiently high, tidal amplitude is attenuated and distorted. Here we use wavelet analysis to examine the water level signal in stations located in wetlands adjacent to the main river outlet in the Wax Lake system, part of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA. We study the signal attenuation in lateral wetlands at different frequency bands, following the propagation of the water level signal from the Gulf of Mexico to the innermost stations. During high river discharge, the astronomical tide measured inside the wetlands is reduced of 90\%{\textendash}98\% in comparison to the tide in Atchafalaya Bay. Storm surge events, largely occurring at lower temporal frequencies, propagate conserving their energy once the signal enters the delta mouth. The river discharge signal, mostly present at frequencies lower than 1.59 μHz, is felt depending on river discharge conditions and the station position within the wetlands. Our results suggest that lateral wetlands in the Wax Lake system act as a low pass filter, attenuating tidal components but not the low frequency components of storm surges.},
	keywords = {Energy attenuation, storm surge, Tide, Wavelet transform analysis, wetland},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC017655},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JC017655},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wollheim_superlinear_2022,
	title = {Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1230},
	abstract = {River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	author = {Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Robison, Andrew L. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Helton, Ashley M. and Song, Chao and Bowden, William B. and Finlay, Jacques C.}
}
@article {wong_sediment_2021,
	title = {Sediment selection: range-expanding fiddler crabs are better burrowers than their historic-range counterparts},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {674},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {163{\textendash}171},
	abstract = {Climate change plays a large role in driving species range shifts; however, the physical characteristics of an environment can also influence and alter species distributions. In New England salt marshes, the mud fiddler crab Minuca pugnax is expanding its range north of Cape Cod, MA, into the Gulf of Maine (GoM) due to warming waters. The burrowing lifestyle of M. pugnax means sediment compaction in salt marshes may influence the ability of crabs to dig, with more compact soils being resistant to burrowing. Previous studies indicate that salt marshes along the GoM have a higher sediment compaction relative to marshes south of Cape Cod. Physical characteristics of this habitat may be influencing the burrowing performance of M. pugnax and therefore the continuation of their northward range expansion into the GoM. We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment to determine if compaction affects the burrowing activity of M. pugnax in historical and range-expanded populations. We manipulated sediment compaction in standardized lab assays and measured crab burrowing performance with individuals collected from Nantucket (NAN, i.e. historical range) and the Plum Island Estuary (PIE, i.e. expanded range). We determined compaction negatively affected burrowing ability in crabs from both sites; however, crabs from PIE have a higher probability of burrowing in higher sediment compactions than NAN crabs. In addition, PIE crabs were more likely to burrow overall. We conclude that site level differences in compaction are likely altering burrowing behavior in the crab{\textquoteright}s expanded-range territory by way of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity.},
	issn = {0171-8630, 1616-1599},
	doi = {10.3354/meps13811},
	url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v674/p163-171/},
	author = {Wong, Rj and Roy, Ms and Byrnes, Jek}
}
@article {hanley_short-_2021,
	title = {Short- and long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on salt marsh plant production and microbial community structure},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {3779{\textendash}3793},
	abstract = {Nutrient enrichment impacts ecosystems globally. Population history, especially past resource environments, of numerically dominant plant species may affect their responses to subsequent changes in nutrient availability. Eutrophication can also alter plant{\textendash}microbe interactions via direct effects on associated microbial communities or indirect effects on dominant species{\textquoteright} biomass production/allocation as a result of modified plant{\textendash}soil interactions. We combined a greenhouse common garden and a field reciprocal transplant of a salt marsh foundation species (Spartina alterniflora) within a long-term, whole-ecosystem, nutrient-enrichment study to determine whether enrichment affects plant production and microbial community structure differently depending on plant population history. For the greenhouse portion, we collected 20 S. alterniflora genotypes{\textemdash}10 from an enriched creek that had received elevated nutrient inputs for 10 years and 10 from an unenriched reference creek{\textemdash}and reared them in a common garden for 1 year. For the field portion, we conducted a 2-year, fully crossed reciprocal transplant experiment with two gardens each at the enriched and unenriched sites; we examined the effects of source site (i.e. population history), garden site and plant genotype. After 2 years, plants in enriched gardens had higher above-ground biomass and altered below-ground allocation compared to plants in unenriched gardens. However, performance also depended on plant population history: plants from the enriched site had decreased above-ground and rhizome production compared to plants from the unenriched site, most notably in unenriched gardens. In addition, almost all above- and below-ground traits varied depending on plant genotypic identity. Effects of nutrient enrichment on the associated microbial community were also pronounced. Following 1 year in common garden, microbial community structure varied by plant population history and S. alterniflora genotypic identity. However, at the end of the reciprocal transplant, microbial communities differed primarily between enriched and unenriched gardens. Synthesis. Nutrient enrichment can impact plant foundation species and associated soil microbes in the short term. Most importantly, nutrient enrichment can also have long-lasting effects on plant populations and associated microbial communities that potentially compromise their ability to respond to changing resource conditions in the future.},
	keywords = {fertilization, genotype, genotypic identity, GxE, plant{\textendash}microbe interactions, plant{\textendash}soil (below-ground) interactions, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, Spartina alterniflora},
	issn = {1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	author = {Hanley, Torrance C. and Bowen, Jennifer L. and Kearns, Patrick J. and Hughes, A. Randall}
}
@article {hanley_short_2021,
	title = {Short- and long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on salt marsh plant production and microbial community structure},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {109},
	number = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {3779{\textendash}3793},
	issn = {0022-0477, 1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	author = {Hanley, Torrance C. and Bowen, Jennifer L. and Kearns, Patrick J. and Hughes, A. Randall}
}
@article {luk_soil_2021,
	title = {Soil {Organic} {Carbon} {Development} and {Turnover} in {Natural} and {Disturbed} {Salt} {Marsh} {Environments}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jan},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL090287},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL090287},
	author = {Luk, Sheron Y. and Todd-Brown, Katherine and Eagle, Meagan and McNichol, Ann P. and Sanderman, Jonathan and Gosselin, Kelsey and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {robison_spatial_2021,
	title = {Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane ebullition in lowland headwater streams and the impact on sampling design},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {66},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {4063{\textendash}4076},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11943},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11943},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Turek, Bonnie and Bova, Cynthia and Snay, Carter and Varner, Ruth K.}
}
@article {liu_success_2021,
	title = {Success of coastal wetlands restoration is driven by sediment availability},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {44},
	abstract = {Abstract Shorelines and their ecosystems are endangered by sea-level rise. Nature-based coastal protection is becoming a global strategy to enhance coastal resilience through the cost-effective creation, restoration and sustainable use of coastal wetlands. However, the resilience to sea-level rise of coastal wetlands created under Nature-based Solution has been assessed largely on a regional scale. Here we assess, using a meta-analysis, the difference in accretion, elevation, and sediment deposition rates between natural and restored coastal wetlands across the world. Our results show that restored coastal wetlands can trap more sediment and that the effectiveness of these restoration projects is primarily driven by sediment availability, not by wetland elevation, tidal range, local rates of sea-level rise, and significant wave height. Our results suggest that Nature-based Solutions can mitigate coastal wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise, but are effective only in coastal locations where abundant sediment supply is available.},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-021-00117-7},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00117-7},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {fagherazzi_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt {Marsh} {Dynamics} in a {Period} of {Accelerated} {Sea} {Level} {Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	month = {aug},
	issn = {2169-9003, 2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JF005200},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JF005200},
	author = {Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mariotti, Giulio and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Canestrelli, Alberto and Nardin, William and Kearney, William S.}
}
@article {PIE498,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly to Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, LTER-PIE, metabolism, primary production, salt marsh, scaling},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Denmark, A. and Gosselin, K. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly-to-Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020JG005664},
	abstract = {Shallow ponds are expanding in many salt marshes with potential impacts on ecosystem functioning. Determining how pond characteristics change over time and scale with physical dimensions and other spatial predictors could facilitate incorporation of ponds into projections of ecosystem change. We evaluated scaling relationships across six differently sized ponds in three regions of the high marshes within the Plum Island Ecosystems-Long Term Ecological Research site (MA, USA). We further characterized diel fluctuations in surface water chemistry in two ponds to understand short-term processes that affect emergent properties (e.g., habitat suitability). Primary producers drove oxygen levels to supersaturation during the day, while nighttime respiration resulted in hypoxic to anoxic conditions. Diel swings in oxygen were mirrored by pH and resulted in successive shifts in redox-sensitive metabolisms, as indicated by nitrate consumption at dusk followed by peaks in ammonium and then sulfide overnight. Abundances of macroalgae and Ruppia maritima correlated with whole-pond oxygen metabolism rates, but not with surface area (SA), volume (V), or SA:V. Moreover, there were no clear patterns in primary producer abundances, surface water chemistry, or pond metabolism rates across marsh regions supplied by different tidal creeks or that differed in distance to upland borders or creekbanks. Comparisons with data from 2 years prior demonstrate that plant communities and biogeochemical processes are not in steady state. Factors contributing to variability between ponds and years are unclear but likely include infrequent tidal exchange. Temporal and spatial variability and the absence of scaling relationships complicate the integration of high marsh ponds into ecosystem biogeochemical models.},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, metabolism, salt marsh, scaling},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Denmark, Alexander and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@article {buchsbaum_selection_2020,
	title = {Selection of {Estuarine} {Feeding} {Habitats} by {Snowy} and {Great} {Egrets} in the {Great} {Marsh} {Estuary}, {Northeastern} {Massachusetts}, {USA}},
	journal = {Waterbirds},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	issn = {1524-4695},
	doi = {10.1675/063.043.0303},
	url = {https://bioone.org/journals/waterbirds/volume-43/issue-3-4/063.043.0303/Selection-of-Estuarine-Feeding-Habitats-by-Snowy-and-Great-Egrets/10.1675/063.043.0303.full},
	author = {Buchsbaum, Robert and Clark, Wesley}
}
@phdthesis {miller_salt_2019,
	title = {Salt marsh health and biomass responses to a changing environment},
	year = {2019},
	school = {University of South Carolina},
	type = {phd},
	author = {Miller, Gwen}
}
@phdthesis {8663,
	title = {Salt marsh health and biomass responses to a changing environment},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {140},
	school = {University of South Carolina},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Columbia},
	keywords = {biomass, environmental change, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Miller, G.J}
}
@article {PIE474,
	title = {Sea Level Rise and the Dynamics of the Marsh-Upland Boundary},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, effect of storms on forest, LTER-PIE, marsh boundary, marsh transgression, marsh upland boundary, salt marsh, sea level rise, soil salinity},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2019.00025},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Anisfeld, S.C. and Blum, L.K. and Long, E.V. and Feagin, R.A. and Fernandes, A. and Kearney, W.S. and Williams, K.}
}
@article {kearney_sea-level_2019,
	title = {Sea-level rise and storm surges structure coastal forests into persistence and regeneration niches},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {may},
	pages = {e0215977},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Fernandes, Arnold and Fagherazzi, Sergio},
	editor = {Magar, Vanesa}
}
@thesis {PIE482,
	title = {The Sediment Sonata: The Relationship Between Marsh Sediment Compaction and the Burrowing Behavior of the Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab Leptuca (Uca) pugilator. },
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts, Boston},
	type = {batchelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, sediment},
	author = {Wong, R.}
}
@article {PIE470,
	title = {Short-term effect of simulated salt marsh restoration by sand-amendment on sediment bacterial communities},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacteria communities, inundation, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215767},
	author = {Thomas, Francois and Morris, J.T. and Wigand, C. and Sievert, S.M.}
}
@article {PIE475,
	title = {Soil creep in a mesotidal salt marsh channel bank: Fast, seasonal,and water table mediated},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {334},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {126-137},
	keywords = {bank erosion, climate, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, tidal channels},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.001},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {bortolus_supporting_2019,
	title = {Supporting \textit{{Spartina}} : {Interdisciplinary} perspective shows \textit{{Spartina}} as a distinct solid genus},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {11},
	year = {2019},
	issn = {0012-9658, 1939-9170},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.2863},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.2863},
	author = {Bortolus, Alejandro and Adam, Paul and Adams, Janine B. and Ainouche, Malika L. and Ayres, Debra and Bertness, Mark D. and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and Bruno, John F. and Ca{\c c}ador, Isabel and Carlton, James T. and Castillo, Jesus M. and Costa, Cesar S. B. and Davy, Anthony J. and Deegan, Linda and Duarte, Bernardo and Figueroa, Enrique and Gerwein, Joel and Gray, Alan J. and Grosholz, Edwin D. and Hacker, Sally D. and Hughes, A. Randall and Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique and Mendelssohn, Irving A. and Morris, James T. and Mu{\~n}oz-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Adolfo F. and Nieva, Francisco J. J. and Levin, Lisa A. and Li, Bo and Liu, Wenwen and Pennings, Steven C. and Pickart, Andrea and Redondo-G{\'o}mez, Susana and Richardson, David M. and Salmon, Armel and Schwindt, Evangelina and Silliman, Brian R. and Sotka, Erik E. and Stace, Clive and Sytsma, Mark and Temmerman, Stijn and Turner, R. Eugene and Valiela, Ivan and Weinstein, Michael P. and Weis, Judith S.}
}
@article {PIE447,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, decomposition, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh ponds},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. M. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_shallow_2018,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1622{\textendash}1642},
	abstract = {Runaway expansion of shallow ponds can catalyze the conversion of vegetated marshes into open water environments. Predicting how this transition affects ecosystem functioning is difficult because little is known about pond biogeochemistry. We characterized sediment organic matter sources and transformations in three ponds with different plant communities, over alternating periods of tidal isolation and flushing, during summer and fall, using a combination of stable isotopes, lipid biomarkers, and benthic fluxes. Sediment respiration rates (1.66 {\textpm} 0.09 mmol C m-2 d-1 to 28.53 {\textpm} 7.76 mmol C m-2 d-1) were comparable to shallow estuaries and driven by sulfate reduction. Rates varied across ponds, reflecting differences in summertime Ruppia maritima and macroalgae abundances, but were similar between seasons. Interactions between aboveground plant and sediment bacterial communities translated into distinct biogeochemical processes across the three ponds. Tidal isolation and summer weather intensified plant and bacterial community effects on pond carbon dynamics, resulting in algal biomass and lipid δ13C values that were 3{\textendash}12{\textperthousand} enriched, compared to nearby habitats. Surface sediment organic matter mainly derived from pond microalgae and was compositionally distinct from tidal creeks and marshes. Surprisingly, sediment bacteria were not tightly coupled to benthic microalgae but decomposed multiple carbon sources in surface sediments and became increasingly reliant on buried peat at deeper horizons. Pond development over time could largely be explained by sediment respiration and the simultaneous accretion of the surrounding marsh platform. The role of decomposition in pond expansion is consistent with previous assessments based on whole-pond metabolism rates. Consequently, future pond expansion could alter ecosystem biogeochemistry and reduce carbon storage.},
	issn = {1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE454,
	title = {Signals of Nonlinear, Multiscale and Stochastic Processes in Coastal Landscapes},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {discharge, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, stage height, tidal creek},
	author = {Kearney, W.S.}
}
@book {8698,
	title = {Save Our Stream},
	series = {LTER Schoolyard Series},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {30},
	publisher = {Muddy Boots},
	organization = {Muddy Boots},
	edition = {First},
	address = {Lanham},
	keywords = {stream, lawn, fertilizer, nutrients, pesticides, neighborhood, Elementary STEM},
	issn = {978-1-63076-322-0},
	url = {https://lternet.edu/schoolyard-book-series/save-our-stream/},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Tucker, J.}
}
@article {PIE436,
	title = {Sea level rise may increase extinction risk of a saltmarsh ontogenetic habitat specialist},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuary, extinction risk, gastropods, global change, indirect effects, LTER-PIE, nursery, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.3291},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Williams, B.L.}
}
@article {PIE434,
	title = {Shallow ponds are heterogeneous habitats within a temperate salt marsh ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, ponds, primary production, salt marsh, system metabolism},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG003780},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. and Howard, E. and Mariotti, G. and Forbrich, I. and Stanley, R. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {PIE428,
	title = {Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms14156},
	author = {Ganju, N.K. and Defne, Z. and Kirwan, M.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Carniello, L.}
}
@article {kearney_stage-discharge_2017,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {394{\textendash}407},
	abstract = {Long-term records of the flow of water through tidal channels are essential to constrain the budgets of sediments and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes. Statistical models which relate discharge to water level allow the estimation of such records from more easily obtained records of water stage in the channel. Here, we compare four different types of stage-discharge models, each of which captures different characteristics of the stage-discharge relationship. We estimate and validate each of these models on a 2-month long time series of stage and discharge obtained with an acoustic Doppler current profiler in a salt marsh channel. We find that the best performance is obtained by models that account for the nonlinear and time-varying nature of the stage-discharge relationship. Good performance can also be obtained from a simplified version of these models, which captures nonlinearity and nonstationarity without the complexity of the fully nonlinear or time-varying models.},
	issn = {1541-5856},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Mariotti, Giulio and Deegan, Linda A. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE429,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {394-407},
	keywords = {discharge, LTER-PIE, stage height, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Mariotti, G. and Deegan, L. A. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE430,
	title = {Salt marsh erosion rates and boundary features in a shallow Bay},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1861-1875},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JF003975 },
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Defne, Z. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE418,
	title = {Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {93-99},
	keywords = {accretion, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, wetlands},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.018},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Sax, D. and Palmer, M.E. and Booth, H.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Bertness, M.D. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE426,
	title = {Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal creeks},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12287},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE416,
	title = {Saltmarsh plant responses to eutrophication},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {coastal wetland, disturbance, eutrophication, global change, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient pollution, plants, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1002/eap.1402},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Warren, R.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Mozdzer, T.J.}
}
@article {PIE410,
	title = {Satisfaction, water and fertilizer use in the American residential macrosystem},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {environmental satisfaction, inorganic nutrients, lawns, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, residential land use, urban ecology, water},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034004},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Polsky, C. and Bettez, N.D. and Morse, J.L. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K. and Ogden, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki, D. and Chowdhury, R.R.}
}
@article {PIE423,
	title = {SimiVal, a multi-criteria map comparison tool for land-change model projections},
	journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {land-change, land-change model, LTER-PIE, map tool},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.016},
	author = {Bradley, A.V. and Rosa, I.M.D. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Ahmed, S.E. and Araujo, M.B. and Brown, D.G. and Brandao Jr, A. and Carnerio, T.G.S. and Hartley, A.J. and Smith, M.J. and Ewers, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE415,
	title = {Soil creep in salt marshes},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1130/G37708.1},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE419,
	title = {Spartina alterniflora biomass allocation and temperature: implications for salt marsh persistence with sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biomass, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0142-9},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Angermeyer, A. and Adler, J.M. and Bertness, M.D. and Deegan, L.A. and Sibinga, N. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE380,
	title = {The savory swimmer swims North: A northern range extension of the blue crab <i>Callinectes sapidus</i>?},
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {105-110},
	keywords = {Callinectes, climate change, climate velocity, decapod, disturbance, LTER-PIE, marine invasion, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1163/1937240X-00002293},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE369,
	title = {Saltmarsh pool and tidal creek morphodynamics: Dynamic equilibrium of northern latitude saltmarshes?},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {99-115},
	keywords = {anthropogenic alteration, disturbance, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh ditches, saltmarsh pools, sea-level, tidal creeks, vertical accretion},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.002},
	author = {Wilson, C.A. and Hughes, Z.J. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Valentine, V. and Kolker, A.S.}
}
@article {PIE331,
	title = {Salt marsh primary production and its responses to relative sea level and nutrients},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {78-84},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marshes, sea level},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.48},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Sundberg, K. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@inbook {PIE304,
	title = {South Atlantic Tidal Wetlands},
	booktitle = {Wetland Habitats of North America: Ecology and Conservation Concerns},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {45-61},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	keywords = {ecology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal, wetland},
	isbn = {9780520271647},
	author = {Pennings, S. and Alber, M. and Alexander, C. and Booth, M. and Burd, A. and Cai, W-J. and Craft, C. and DePratter, C. and Di Iorio, D. and Hopkinson, C. and Joye, S. and Meile, C. and Moore, W. and Silliman, B. and Thompson, V. and Wares, J.},
	editor = {Batzer, D.P. and Baldwin, A.}
}
@article {PIE302,
	title = {Spatial and temporal diet patterns of young adult and subadult striped bass feeding in Massachusetts estuaries: trends across scales.},
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {30-45},
	keywords = {diets, LTER-PIE, migrant, population dynamics, scale, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2011.642747},
	author = {Ferry, K.H. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE379,
	title = {Surprises and insights from long term aquatic datasets and experiments.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {709-721},
	keywords = {data, disturbance, freshwater, inorganic nutrients, lakes, long term, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, streams},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.4},
	author = {Dodds, W.K. and Robinson, C.T. and Gaiser, E.E. and Hansen, G.J.A. and Powell, H. and Smith, J.M. and Morse, N.B. and Johnson, S. and Gregory, S.V. and Bell, T. and Kratz, T.K. and McDowell, W.H.}
}
@article {PIE269,
	title = {Sensitivity of a land change model to pixel resolution and precision of the independent variable},
	journal = {Environmental Modeling \& Assessment},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad; PI Plum Data},
	pages = {37-52},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1007/s10666-010-9233-3},
	author = {Chen, H. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE292,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal among main channel and two transient storage compartments},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, nutrients, river network, transient storage},
	doi = {10.1029/2010WR009896},
	author = {Stewart, R.J. and Wollheim, W.M. and Gooseff, M. and Briggs, M.A. and Jacobs, J.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE274,
	title = {Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N<sub>2</sub>O},
	journal = {Atmospheric Envrionment},
	volume = {45},
	number = {26},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {4390-4397},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.046},
	author = {Moseman-Valtierra, A. and Gonzalez, R. and Kroeger, K.D. and Tang, J. and Chao, W.C. and Crusius, J. and Bratton, J. and Green, A. and Shelton, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE271,
	title = {Spatial methods to predict land cover},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, geospatial modeling, land cover, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Hamill, T.}
}
@article {PIE257,
	title = {Salt marsh geomorphological analyses via integration of multi-temporal multispectral remote sensing with LIDAR and GIS.},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {809-816},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecogeomorphology, geomophology, geoprocessing, GIS, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, New England, organic matter, remote sensing, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00101.1},
	author = {Millette, T.L. and Argow, B. and Marcano, E. and Hayward, C. and Hopkinson, C. and Valentine, V.}
}
@article {PIE222,
	title = {Seasonal use of a New England estuary by foraging contingents of migratory striped bass},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {257 - 269},
	keywords = {acoustic telemetry, Atlantic coast, Chesapeake Bay, disturbance, habitat use, Hudson, LTER-PIE, Morone-saxatilis, movements, North Carolina, population dynamics, river, southern New-Jersey},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-222.1},
	author = {Pautzke, S.M. and Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE260,
	title = {Sensitivity of land cover analysis to category aggregation},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land cover, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Nguyen, T.}
}
@article {PIE248,
	title = {Surface and hyporheic transient storage dynamics throughout a coastal stream network.},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {46},
	number = {W06516},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {hyporheic zone, LTER-PIE, organic matter, stream network, transient storage, two storage zone model},
	doi = {10.1029/2009WR008222},
	author = {Briggs, M.A. and Gooseff, M.N. and Peterson, B.J. and Morkeski, K. and Wollheim, W.M. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE210,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: A paired <sup>15</sup>N tracer study.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {90},
	number = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {2535-2546},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, disturbance, eutrophication, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, New England, nitrogen processing efficiency, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, stable isotopes, USA},
	doi = {10.1890/08-1051.1},
	author = {Drake, D.C. and Peterson, B.J. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A. and Fleeger, J.W. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, J.M. and Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Picard, C. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE169,
	title = {Salt marsh sediment bacteria: their distribution and response to external nutrient inputs},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {924 - 934},
	keywords = {bacteria, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2009.44},
	author = {Bowen, J.L. and Crump, B.C. and Deegan, L.A. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE193,
	title = {Sensitivity Analysis for Scenarios of Water Withdrawal in Massachusetts},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, water withdrawal, watershed},
	author = {Broo, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE226,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal between surface and hyporheic transient storage compartments.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {disturbance, hyporheic, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, rivers},
	author = {Stewart, R.}
}
@article {PIE238,
	title = {Striped bass: the coastal connection.},
	journal = {Sanctuary},
	volume = {48},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {9-11},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@article {PIE177,
	title = {Stable isotope addition reveals dietary importance of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos to saltmarsh infauna},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {359},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {37-49},
	keywords = {food web, infauna, inorganic nutrients, isotope addition, LTER-PIE, microphytobenthos, organic matter, phytoplankton, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07321},
	author = {Galvan, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE200,
	title = {Stable isotope monitoring of benthic-pelagic coupling with salt marsh fish},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {193-204},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, fish, LTER-PIE, monitoring, organic matter, population dynamics, power analysis, salt marsh, Spartina, stable isotope analysis},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07644},
	author = {Fry, B. and Cieri, M. and Hughes, J. and Tobias, C. and Deegan, L.A. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE190,
	title = {Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {202-206},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen isotopes, stream network},
	doi = {10.1038/nature06686},
	author = {Mulholland, P. J. and Helton, A. M. and Poole, G.C. and Hall, Jr., R.O. and Hamilton, S. K. and Peterson, B. J. and Tank, J.L. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L. W. and Dahm, C. N. and Dodds, W. K. and Findlay, S. E. G. and Gregory, S. V. and Grimm, N.B. and Johnson, S. L. and McDowell, W.H. and Meyer, J. L. and Valett, H. M. and Webster, J. R. and Arango, C. P. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Bernot, M. J. and Burgin, A. J. and Crenshaw, C. L. and Johnson, L.T. and Niederlehner, B. R. and OﾒBrien, J. M. and Potter, J. D. and Sheibley, R.W. and Sobota, D. J. and Thomas, S. M.}
}
@article {PIE237,
	title = {Symposium Review: Long term shifts in faunal assemblages in North American estuaries: A review of a workshop held at the biennial meeting of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF), November 2007, Providence, Rhode Island.},
	journal = {Reviews in Fisheries Biology and Fisheries},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {447-450},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, Eastern North America estuaries, estuarine fish, estuarine nekton, faunal shifts, long-term data sets, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s11160-008-9086-x},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Powell, J.C.}
}
@article {PIE236,
	title = {Susceptibility of salt marshes to nutrient enrichment and predator removal},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {S-42-S63},
	keywords = {bottom-up, disturbance, eutrophication, Fundulus heteroclitus, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, multiple stressors, nutrient loading, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, species change, top-down control},
	doi = {10.1890/06-0452.1},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Bowen, J.L. and Drake, D.C. and Fleeger, J.W. and Friedrichs, C.T. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Hobbie, J.E. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, D.S. and Johnson, J.M. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Peterson, B.J. and Picard, C. and Sheldon, S. and Sutherland, M. and Vallino, J. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE171,
	title = {Salt marsh geomorphology: Physical and ecological effects on landform},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {309-310},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.001},
	author = {Torres, R. and Fagherazzi, S. and van Proosdij, D. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@article {PIE240,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading},
	journal = {Journal of Spatial Hydrology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {60-80},
	keywords = {GIS, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, non-point source pollution, nutrient export, regression modeling, spatial distribution},
	doi = {10.1086/BBLv207n2p173},
	author = {Fedorko, E.J. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Aldrich, S.P. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@proceedings {PIE143,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading.},
	journal = {Conference Proceedings of the meeting of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {5},
	address = {Baltimore MD},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, pollutant loading, regression modeling},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Fedorko, E.}
}
@article {PIE231,
	title = {Synchrony and seasonality in bacterioplankton communities of two temperate rivers},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {50},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1718-1729},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacterial production, bacterioplankton, estuaries, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1718},
	author = {Crump, B.C. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@proceedings {PIE149,
	title = {The Salt Marsh Geomorphology: Physical and Ecological Effects on Landform},
	journal = {AGU Chapman Conference},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {October 9-13, 2004},
	pages = {57-58},
	publisher = {EOS},
	address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Torres, R. and Hopkinson, C. and vanProosdij, D.}
}
@thesis {PIE103,
	title = {The scale at which land change models are accurate.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {computer modelling, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Huffaker, D.}
}
@article {PIE101,
	title = {Scientific accomplishments of the Long Term Ecological Research program: an introduction},
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {17-20},
	keywords = {long-term ecological research, LTER accomplishments, LTER description, LTER history, LTER network, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0017:SAOTLT]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Hobbie, J.E. and Carpenter, S.R. and Grimm, N.B. and Gosz, J.R. and Seastedt, T.R.}
}
@article {PIE112,
	title = {Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in shallow macrotidal estuary},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {257},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {25-36},
	keywords = {benthic, estuary, LTER-PIE, microalgae, sediment flux},
	doi = {10.3354/meps257025},
	author = {Tobias, C. and Giblin, A.E. and McClelland, J. and Tucker, J. and Peterson, B.}
}
@thesis {PIE60,
	title = {Stable istopic analysis of food webs in hayed and reference salt marshes},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Hampshire College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, stable isotope},
	author = {Horowitz, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE43,
	title = {Salinity effects on tolerance and adaptation of estuarine nitrifying bacteria investigated by a plug-flux method},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Roskilde University (Denmark)},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nitrification, salinity, salt marsh},
	author = {Mondrup, T.}
}
@inbook {PIE28,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem support of marine transient species.},
	booktitle = {Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {333-365},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publisher, The Netherlands},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publisher, The Netherlands},
	keywords = {ecosystem, LTER-PIE, marine, salt marsh},
	author = {Deegan, L. A. and Hughes, J.E. and Rountree, R.A.},
	editor = {M. Weinstein and J. Kreeger}
}
@inbook {PIE46,
	title = {Scenarios of land-use change and nitrogen release in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling: Problems, prospects, and Needs for Research},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	organization = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	keywords = {land use change, LTER-PIE, nitrogen},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Marzouk, A. and Rastetter, E.B. and Schneider, L.C. and Vallino, J.},
	editor = {B. O. Parks and K. M. Clarke and M. P. Crane}
}
@article {PIE45,
	title = {Solute dynamics in storm flow of the Ipswich River Basin: Effects of land use.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {199},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {219-221},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use, LTER-PIE, solute chemistry, storm flow},
	doi = {10.2307/1542908},
	author = {Perring, A. and Williams, M. and Hopkinson Jr., C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@techreport {PIE27,
	title = {A Symposium Report: Marine Monitoring in Massachusetts - Water quality monitoring and related activities at Plum Island Sound},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1},
	institution = {Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Managment},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, water quality},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@inbook {PIE29,
	title = {Synthesizing drainage basin inputs to coastal systems.},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {81-105},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, watershed},
	author = {Fisher, T. R. and Correll, D. and Costanza, R. and Hollibaugh, J. and Hopkinson, C. and Howarth, R. and Rabalais, N. and Richey, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Wiegert, R.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@article {PIE21,
	title = {Salinity effects on nitrogen dynamics in estuarine sediment investigated by a plug-flux method},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {287-288},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nitrogen flux, salinity, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2307/1542656},
	author = {Mondrup, T.}
}
@article {,
	title = {A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and  Aquatic Science},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1801-1808},
	keywords = {ammonium, estuarine, freshwater, LTER-PIE, marine},
	doi = {10.1139/f99-128},
	author = {Holmes, R. M. and Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. and Hooker, B.A. and Peterson, B.J.}
}
@article {PIE19,
	title = {Sources of organic matter in Ria Formosa revealed by stable isotope analysis},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {463-469},
	keywords = {carbon, estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00122-8},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R.}
}
@article {PIE23,
	title = {Stable isotopes as tracers of organic matter input and transfer in benthic food webs: A review.},
	journal = {Acta Oecologia},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {479-487},
	keywords = {benthic, food web, LTER-PIE, organic matter, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00120-4},
	author = {Peterson, B. J.}
}
