@article {alizad_integrated_2022,
	title = {Integrated Modeling of Dynamic Marsh Feedbacks and Evolution Under Sea-Level Rise in a Mesotidal Estuary (Plum Island, MA, USA)},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2022WR032225},
	abstract = {Around the world, wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise (SLR) depends on different factors including tidal regimes, topography, creeks and estuary geometry, sediment availability, vegetation type, etc. The Plum Island estuary (PIE) is a mesotidal wetland system on the east coast of the United States. This research applied a newly updated Hydro-MEM (integrated hydrodynamic-marsh) model to assess the impacts of intermediate-low (50 cm), intermediate (1 m), and intermediate-high (1.5 m) SLR on marsh evolution by the year 2100. Model advancements include capturing vegetation change, inorganic and below and aboveground organic matter portion of marsh platform accretion, and mudflat creation. Although the results indicate a low vulnerability marsh at the PIE, the vegetation changes from high to low marsh under all SLR scenarios (2\%{\textendash}22\%), with the higher bounds belonging to higher rise scenarios. Lower SLR produces more productive marsh (13\% gain in high productivity regions), whereas the highest SLR scenario causes increased tidal inundation, which leads to loss in productivity (12\% change from high to low productivity regions), generation of mudflats (17\% of the domain land), and marsh migration to higher lands. Sensitive nonlinear tidal flow changes, which may be increased or decreased with SLR as a result of mudflat creation, marsh migration, and bottom friction change, emphasize the importance of integrated modeling approaches that include dynamic marsh feedbacks in hydrodynamic modeling and varying hydrodynamic effects on the marsh system.},
	keywords = {hydro-MEM, mesotidal system, salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	issn = {1944-7973},
	doi = {10.1029/2022WR032225},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022WR032225},
	author = {Alizad, Karim and Morris, James T. and Bilskie, Matthew V. and Passeri, Davina L. and Hagen, Scott C.}
}
@article {tornqvist_coastal_2021,
	title = {Coastal Wetland Resilience, Accelerated Sea-Level Rise, and the Importance of Timescale},
	journal = {AGU Advances},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2020AV000334},
	abstract = {Recent studies have produced conflicting results as to whether coastal wetlands can keep up with present-day and future sea-level rise. The stratigraphic record shows that threshold rates for coastal wetland submergence or retreat are lower than what instrumental records suggest, with wetland extent that shrinks considerably under high rates of sea-level rise. These apparent conflicts can be reconciled by recognizing that many coastal wetlands still possess sufficient elevation capital to cope with sea-level rise, and that processes like sediment compaction, ponding, and wave erosion require multidecadal or longer timescales to drive wetland loss that is in many cases inevitable.},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, sea-level rise},
	issn = {2576-604X},
	doi = {10.1029/2020AV000334},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020AV000334},
	author = {T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E. and Cahoon, Donald R. and Morris, James T. and Day, John W.}
}
@article {zhang_divergence_2020,
	title = {Divergence of Sediment Fluxes Triggered by Sea-Level Rise Will Reshape Coastal Bays},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL087862},
	abstract = {Sediment budget and sediment availability are direct metrics for evaluating the resilience of coastal bays to sea-level rise (SLR). Here we use a high-resolution numerical model of a tidally dominated marsh-lagoon system to explore feedbacks between SLR and sediment dynamics. SLR augments tidal prism and inundation depth, facilitating sediment deposition on the marsh platform. At the same time, our results indicate that SLR enhances ebb-dominated currents and increases sediment resuspension, reducing the sediment-trapping capacity of tidal flats and bays and leading to a negative sediment budget for the entire system. This bimodal distribution of sediments budget trajectories will have a profound impact on the morphology of coastal bays, increasing the difference in elevation between salt marshes and tidal flats and potentially affecting intertidal ecosystems. Our results also clearly indicate that landforms lower with respect to the tidal frame are more affected by SLR than salt marshes.},
	keywords = {bed composition, numerical modeling, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment budget, tidal flats},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087862},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL087862},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE449\&lt;br/\&gt;,
	title = {Lateral Marsh Edge Erosion as a Source of Sediments for Vertical Marsh Accretion},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, organic carbon, organic matter, salt marsh accretion, sea-level rise, sediment, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004358},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Morris, J.T. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wollheim, W.M. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE212,
	title = {Impact of the dynamic feedback between sedimentation, sea level rise, and biomass production on near surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {377-389},
	keywords = {accretion, belowground biomass, carbon storage, disturbance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, organic sediments, primary production, salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2009.01.028},
	author = {Mudd, S.M. and Howell, S. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE87,
	title = {Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {2869-2877},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, LTER-PIE, model, optimal elevation, organic matter, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment accretion, sedimentation, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Morris, J. and Sundareshwar, P.V. and Nietch, C.T. and Kjerfve, B and Cahoon, D.R.}
}
