@article {8837,
	title = {Small Reservoirs as Nitrogen Transformers: Accounting for Seasonal Variability in Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Processing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {12815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-11-2023},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JG007635},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JG007635},
	author = {Whitney, Christopher T. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Gold, Arthur J. and Buonpane, Joshua M.}
}
@article {johnston_spatial_2023,
	title = {Spatial dimensions of water quality value in New England river networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e2120255119},
	abstract = {Households{\textquoteright} willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvements{\textemdash}representing their economic value{\textemdash}depends on where improvements occur. Households often hold higher values for improvements close to their homes or iconic areas. Are there other areas where improvements might hold high value to individual households, do effects on WTP vary by type of improvement, and can these areas be identified even if they are not anticipated by researchers? To answer these questions, we integrated a water quality model and map-based, interactive choice experiment to estimate households{\textquoteright} WTP for water quality improvements throughout a river network covering six New England states. The choice experiment was implemented using a push-to-web survey over a sample of New England households. Voting scenarios used to elicit WTP included interactive geographic information system (GIS) maps that illustrated three water quality measures at various zoom levels across the study domain. We captured data on how respondents maneuvered through these maps prior to answering the value-eliciting questions. Results show that WTP was influenced by regionwide quality improvements and improvements surrounding each respondent{\textquoteright}s home, as anticipated, but also by improvements in individualized locations identifiable via each respondent{\textquoteright}s map interactions. These spatial WTP variations only appear for low-quality rivers and are focused around particular areas of New England. The study shows that dynamic map interactions can convey salient information for WTP estimation and that predicting spatial WTP heterogeneity based primarily on home or iconic locations, as typically done, may overlook areas where water quality has high value.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	author = {Johnston, Robert J. and Moeltner, Klaus and Peery, Seth and Ndebele, Tom and Yao, Zhenyu and Crema, Stefano and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Besedin, Elena}
}
@article {robison_dominance_2022,
	title = {Dominance of {Diffusive} {Methane} {Emissions} {From} {Lowland} {Headwater} {Streams} {Promotes} {Oxidation} and {Isotopic} {Enrichment}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {791305},
	abstract = {Inland waters are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere, yet the contribution from small streams to this flux is not clearly defined. To fully understand CH 4 emissions from streams and rivers, we must consider the relative importance of CH 4 emission pathways, the prominence of microbially-mediated production and oxidation of CH 4 , and the isotopic signature of emitted CH 4 . Here, we construct a complete CH 4 emission budgets for four lowland headwater streams by quantifying diffusive CH 4 emissions and comparing them to previously published rates of ebullitive emissions. We also examine the isotopic composition of CH 4 along with the sediment microbial community to investigate production and oxidation across the streams. We find that all four streams are supersaturated with respect to CH 4 with diffusive emissions accounting for approximately 78{\textendash}100\% of total CH 4 emissions. Isotopic and microbial data suggest CH 4 oxidation is prevalent across the streams, depleting approximately half of the dissolved CH 4 pool before emission. We propose a conceptual model of CH 4 production, oxidation, and emission from small streams, where the dominance of diffusive emissions is greater compared to other aquatic ecosystems, and the impact of CH 4 oxidation is observable in the emitted isotopic values. As a result, we suggest the CH 4 emitted from small streams is isotopically heavy compared to lentic ecosystems. Our results further demonstrate streams are important components of the global CH 4 cycle yet may be characterized by a unique pattern of cycling and emission that differentiate them from other aquatic ecosystems.},
	issn = {2296-665X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2021.791305},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.791305/full},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Perryman, Clarice R. and Cotter, Annie R. and Mackay, Jessica E. and Varner, Ruth K. and Clarizia, Paige and Ernakovich, Jessica G.}
}
@article {mulukutla_high-frequency_2022,
	title = {High-{Frequency} {Concurrent} {Measurements} in {Watershed} and {Impaired} {Estuary} {Reveal} {Coupled} {DOC} and {Decoupled} {Nitrate} {Dynamics}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445{\textendash}461},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	author = {Mulukutla, Gopal K. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Salisbury, Joseph E. and Carey, Richard O. and Gregory, Thomas K. and McDowell, William H.}
}
@article {gaiser_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term ecological research and the COVID-19 anthropause: A window to understanding social{\textendash}ecological disturbance},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e4019},
	abstract = {The period of disrupted human activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, coined the {\textquotedblleft}anthropause,{\textquotedblright} altered the nature of interactions between humans and ecosystems. It is uncertain how the anthropause has changed ecosystem states, functions, and feedback to human systems through shifts in ecosystem services. Here, we used an existing disturbance framework to propose new investigation pathways for coordinated studies of distributed, long-term social-ecological research to capture effects of the anthropause. Although it is still too early to comprehensively evaluate effects due to pandemic-related delays in data availability and ecological response lags, we detail three case studies that show how long-term data can be used to document and interpret changes in air and water quality and wildlife populations and behavior coinciding with the anthropause. These early findings may guide interpretations of effects of the anthropause as it interacts with other ongoing environmental changes in the future, particularly highlighting the importance of long-term data in separating disturbance impacts from natural variation and long-term trends. Effects of this global disturbance have local to global effects on ecosystems with feedback to social systems that may be detectable at spatial scales captured by nationally to globally distributed research networks.},
	keywords = {ecosystems, feedback, LTER, press, pulse, recovery, reorganization, resilience},
	issn = {2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	author = {Gaiser, Evelyn E. and Kominoski, John S. and McKnight, Diane M. and Bahlai, Christie A. and Cheng, Chingwen and Record, Sydne and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Christianson, Kyle R. and Downs, Martha R. and Hawman, Peter A. and Holbrook, Sally J. and Kumar, Abhishek and Mishra, Deepak R. and Molotch, Noah P. and Primack, Richard B. and Rassweiler, Andrew and Schmitt, Russell J. and Sutter, Lori A.}
}
@article {huang_removal_2022,
	title = {Removal of {Fecal} {Indicator} {Bacteria} by {River} {Networks}},
	journal = {Water},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {617},
	abstract = {Fecal contamination is a significant source of water quality impairment globally. Aquatic ecosystems can provide an important ecosystem service of fecal contamination removal. Understanding the processes that regulate the removal of fecal contamination among river networks across flow conditions is critical. We applied a river network model, the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES-Ecoli), to quantify removal of fecal indicator bacteria by river networks across flow conditions during summers in a series of New England watersheds of different characteristics. FrAMES-Ecoli simulates sources, transport, and riverine removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Aquatic E. coli removal was simulated in both the water column and the hyporheic zone, and is a function of hydraulic conditions, flow exchange rates with the hyporheic zone, and die-off in each compartment. We found that, at the river network scale during summers, removal by river networks can be high (19{\textendash}99\%) with variability controlled by hydrologic conditions, watershed size, and distribution of sources in the watershed. Hydrology controls much of the variability, with 68{\textendash}99\% of network scale inputs removed under base flow conditions and 19{\textendash}85\% removed during storm events. Removal by the water column alone could not explain the observed pattern in E. coli, suggesting that processes such as hyporheic removal must be considered. These results suggest that river network removal of fecal indicator bacteria should be taken into consideration in managing fecal contamination at critical downstream receiving waters.},
	issn = {2073-4441},
	doi = {10.3390/w14040617},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/617},
	author = {Huang, Tao and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Jones, Stephen H.}
}
@article {wollheim_superlinear_2022,
	title = {Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1230},
	abstract = {River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	author = {Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Robison, Andrew L. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Helton, Ashley M. and Song, Chao and Bowden, William B. and Finlay, Jacques C.}
}
@article {robison_spatial_2021,
	title = {Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane ebullition in lowland headwater streams and the impact on sampling design},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {66},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {4063{\textendash}4076},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11943},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11943},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Turek, Bonnie and Bova, Cynthia and Snay, Carter and Varner, Ruth K.}
}
@article {zuidema_controls_2018,
	title = {Controls of {Chloride} {Loading} and {Impairment} at the {River} {Network} {Scale} in {New} {England}},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {839{\textendash}847},
	issn = {00472425},
	doi = {10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	author = {Zuidema, Shan and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Mineau, Madeleine M. and Green, Mark B. and Stewart, Robert J.}
}
