@article {strzempko_flow_2023,
	title = {The Flow Matrix Offers a Straightforward Alternative to the Problematic Markov Matrix},
	journal = {Land},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1471},
	abstract = {The Flow matrix is a novel method to describe and extrapolate transitions among categories. The Flow matrix extrapolates a constant transition size per unit of time on a time continuum with a maximum of one incident per observation during the extrapolation. The Flow matrix extrapolates linearly until the persistence of a category shrinks to zero. The Flow matrix has concepts and mathematics that are more straightforward than the Markov matrix. However, many scientists apply the Markov matrix by default because popular software packages offer no alternative to the Markov matrix, despite the conceptual and mathematical challenges that the Markov matrix poses. The Markov matrix extrapolates a constant transition proportion per time interval during whole-number multiples of the duration of the calibration time interval. The Markov extrapolation allows at most one incident per observation during each time interval but allows repeated incidents per observation through sequential time intervals. Many Markov extrapolations approach a steady state asymptotically through time as each category size approaches a constant. We use case studies concerning land change to illustrate the characteristics of the Flow and Markov matrices. The Flow and Markov extrapolations both deviate from the reference data during a validation time interval, implying there is no reason to prefer one matrix to the other in terms of correspondence with the processes that we analyzed. The two matrices differ substantially in terms of their underlying concepts and mathematical behaviors. Scientists should consider the ease of use and interpretation for each matrix when extrapolating transitions among categories.},
	keywords = {category, extrapolation, flow, land change, Markov, model},
	issn = {2073-445X},
	doi = {10.3390/land12071471},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1471},
	author = {Strzempko, Jessica and Pontius, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {jankowski_long-term_2023,
	title = {Long-Term Changes in Concentration and Yield of Riverine Dissolved Silicon From the Poles to the Tropics},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e2022GB007678},
	abstract = {Riverine exports of silicon (Si) influence global carbon cycling through the growth of marine diatoms, which account for \~{}25\% of global primary production. Climate change will likely alter river Si exports in biome-specific ways due to interacting shifts in chemical weathering rates, hydrologic connectivity, and metabolic processes in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Nonetheless, factors driving long-term changes in Si exports remain unexplored at local, regional, and global scales. We evaluated how concentrations and yields of dissolved Si (DSi) changed over the last several decades of rapid climate warming using long-term data sets from 60 rivers and streams spanning the globe (e.g., Antarctic, tropical, temperate, boreal, alpine, Arctic systems). We show that widespread changes in river DSi concentration and yield have occurred, with the most substantial shifts occurring in alpine and polar regions. The magnitude and direction of trends varied within and among biomes, were most strongly associated with differences in land cover, and were often independent of changes in river discharge. These findings indicate that there are likely diverse mechanisms driving change in river Si biogeochemistry that span the land-water interface, which may include glacial melt, changes in terrestrial vegetation, and river productivity. Finally, trends were often stronger in months outside of the growing season, particularly in temperate and boreal systems, demonstrating a potentially important role of shifting seasonality for the flux of Si from rivers. Our results have implications for the timing and magnitude of silica processing in rivers and its delivery to global oceans.},
	keywords = {and modeling, biogeochemical cycles, biogeochemistry, hydrologic time series analysis, impacts of global change, nutrients and nutrient cycling, processes, river, silica, trends},
	issn = {1944-9224},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GB007678},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GB007678},
	author = {Jankowski, Kathi Jo and Johnson, Keira and Sethna, Lienne and Julian, Paul and Wymore, Adam S. and Shogren, Arial J. and Thomas, Patrick K. and Sullivan, Pamela L. and McKnight, Diane M. and McDowell, William H. and Heindel, Ruth and Jones, Jeremy B. and Wollheim, Wilfred and Abbott, Benjamin and Deegan, Linda and Carey, Joanna C.}
}
@article {rand_parasite_2023,
	title = {Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode-amphipod system},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {5028{\textendash}5041},
	abstract = {Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host{\textendash}parasite coevolution. The trematode (Levinseniella byrdi) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host (Orchestia grillus) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.},
	keywords = {amphipod, differential expression, ecological genomics, host{\textendash}parasite co-evolution, infection response, Orchestia grillus, parasite manipulation, population genetics, trematode},
	issn = {1365-294X},
	doi = {10.1111/mec.17093},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.17093},
	author = {Rand, David M. and Nunez, Joaquin C. B. and Williams, Shawn and Rong, Stephen and Burley, John T. and Neil, Kimberly B. and Spierer, Adam N. and McKerrow, Wilson and Johnson, David S. and Raynes, Yevgeniy and Fayton, Thomas J. and Skvir, Nicholas and Ferranti, David A. and Zeff, Maya Greenhill and Lyons, Amanda and Okami, Naima and Morgan, David M. and Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna and Brown, Bianca R. P. and Giblin, Anne E. and Cardon, Zoe G.}
}
@article {8775,
	title = {Peat Decomposition and Erosion Contribute to Pond Deepening in a Temperate Salt Marsh},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {128171052},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-02-2023},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG007063},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JG007063},
	author = {Luk, Sheron and Eagle, Meagan J. and Mariotti, Giulio and Gosselin, Kelsey and Sanderman, Jonathan and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {8777,
	title = {Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-02-2025},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL101392},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL101392},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Passalacqua, Paola and Wright, Kyle and Salter, Gerard and Lamb, Michael P. and Jensen, Daniel and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8794,
	title = {Recent Acceleration of Wetland Accretion and Carbon Accumulation Along the U.S. East Coast},
	journal = {Earth{\textquoteright}s Future},
	volume = {11151},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-03-2023},
	issn = {2328-4277},
	doi = {10.1029/2022EF003037},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022EF003037https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022EF003037},
	author = {Weston, Nathaniel B. and Rodriguez, Elise and Donnelly, Brian and Solohin, Elena and Jezycki, Kristen and Demberger, Sandra and Sutter, Lori A. and Morris, James T. and Neubauer, Scott C. and Craft, Christopher B.}
}
@article {8844,
	title = {Salt marsh nitrogen cycling: where land meets sea},
	journal = {Trends in Microbiology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-10-2023},
	issn = {0966842X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2023.09.010},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966842X23002706},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Bernhard, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Giblin, Anne E.}
}
@article {gourgue_biogeomorphic_2022,
	title = {Biogeomorphic modeling to assess the resilience of tidal-marsh restoration to sea level rise and sediment supply},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {531{\textendash}553},
	abstract = {There is an increasing demand for the creation and restoration of tidal marshes around the world, as they provide highly valued ecosystem services. Yet restored tidal marshes are strongly vulnerable to factors such as sea level rise and declining sediment supply. How fast the restored ecosystem develops, how resilient it is to sea level rise, and how this can be steered by restoration design are key questions that are typically challenging to assess due to the complex biogeomorphic feedback processes involved. In this paper, we apply a biogeomorphic model to a specific tidal-marsh restoration project planned by dike breaching. Our modeling approach integrates tidal hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics, accounting for relevant fine-scale flow{\textendash}vegetation interactions (less than 1 m2) and their impact on vegetation and landform development at the landscape scale (several km2) and in the long term (several decades). Our model performance is positively evaluated against observations of vegetation and geomorphic development in adjacent tidal marshes. Model scenarios demonstrate that the restored tidal marsh can keep pace with realistic rates of sea level rise and that its resilience is more sensitive to the availability of suspended sediments than to the rate of sea level rise. We further demonstrate that restoration design options can steer marsh resilience, as they affect the rates and spatial patterns of biogeomorphic development. By varying the width of two dike breaches, which serve as tidal inlets to the restored marsh, we show that a larger difference in the width of the two inlets leads to higher biogeomorphic diversity in restored habitats. This study showcases that biogeomorphic modeling can support management choices in restoration design to optimize tidal-marsh development towards sustainable restoration goals.},
	issn = {2196-6311},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-10-531-2022},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/10/531/2022/},
	author = {Gourgue, Olivier and van Belzen, Jim and Schwarz, Christian and Vandenbruwaene, Wouter and Vanlede, Joris and Belliard, Jean-Philippe and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and van de Koppel, Johan and Temmerman, Stijn}
}
@article {bogdan_biological_2022,
	title = {Biological {Networks} across {Scales}{\textemdash}{The} {Theoretical} and {Empirical} {Foundations} for {Time}-{Varying} {Complex} {Networks} that {Connect} {Structure} and {Function} across {Levels} of {Biological} {Organization}},
	journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
	volume = {61},
	number = {6},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {1991{\textendash}2010},
	abstract = {Abstract Many biological systems across scales of size and complexity exhibit a time-varying complex network structure that emerges and self-organizes as a result of interactions with the environment. Network interactions optimize some intrinsic cost functions that are unknown and involve for example energy efficiency, robustness, resilience, and frailty. A wide range of networks exist in biology, from gene regulatory networks important for organismal development, protein interaction networks that govern physiology and metabolism, and neural networks that store and convey information to networks of microbes that form microbiomes within hosts, animal contact networks that underlie social systems, and networks of populations on the landscape connected by migration. Increasing availability of extensive (big) data is amplifying our ability to quantify biological networks. Similarly, theoretical methods that describe network structure and dynamics are being developed. Beyond static networks representing snapshots of biological systems, collections of longitudinal data series can help either at defining and characterizing network dynamics over time or analyzing the dynamics constrained to networked architectures. Moreover, due to interactions with the environment and other biological systems, a biological network may not be fully observable. Also, subnetworks may emerge and disappear as a result of the need for the biological system to cope with for example invaders or new information flows. The confluence of these developments renders tractable the question of how the structure of biological networks predicts and controls network dynamics. In particular, there may be structural features that result in homeostatic networks with specific higher-order statistics (e.g., multifractal spectrum), which maintain stability over time through robustness and/or resilience to perturbation. Alternative, plastic networks may respond to perturbation by (adaptive to catastrophic) shifts in structure. Here, we explore the opportunity for discovering universal laws connecting the structure of biological networks with their function, positioning them on the spectrum of time-evolving network structure, that is, dynamics of networks, from highly stable to exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. If such general laws exist, they could transform our ability to predict the response of biological systems to perturbations{\textemdash}an increasingly urgent priority in the face of anthropogenic changes to the environment that affect life across the gamut of organizational scales.},
	issn = {1540-7063, 1557-7023},
	doi = {10.1093/icb/icab069},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/61/6/1991/6281074},
	author = {Bogdan, Paul and Caetano-Anoll{\'e}s, Gustavo and Jolles, Anna and Kim, Hyunju and Morris, James and Murphy, Cheryl A and Royer, Catherine and Snell, Edward H and Steinbrenner, Adam and Strausfeld, Nicholas}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi_ecogeomorphology_2022,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445 {\textendash} 462},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Belowground biomass Ecogeomorphology Halophyte vegetation Nutrient enrichment Root scalping Salt marsh Sea level rise Tidal channels Tides and wind waves},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00194-2},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345001942?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T. J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Lesser, J.S. and Nelson, J.A.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@inbook {testa_estuarine_2022,
	title = {Estuarine Ecosystem Metabolism},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Ecology, 3rd. Edition},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	organization = {Wiley},
	edition = {3},
	abstract = {Estuarine Ecology A detailed and accessible exploration of the fundamentals and the latest advances in estuarine ecology In the newly revised third edition of Estuarine Ecology, a team of distinguished ecologists presents the current knowledge in estuarine ecology with particular emphasis on recent trends and advances. The book is accessible to undergraduate students while also providing a welcome summary of up-to-date content for a more advanced readership. This latest edition is optimized for classroom use, with a more intuitive mode of presentation that takes into account feedback from the previous edition{\textquoteright}s readers. Review questions and exercises have been added to assist in the learning and retention of complex concepts. Estuarine Ecology remains the gold standard for the discipline by taking stock of the manifold scientific breakthroughs made in the field since the last edition was written. It also offers: Thorough introductions to estuarine geomorphology, circulation, and chemistry In-depth treatments of estuarine primary and secondary production, including coastal marshes and mangrove wetlands A holistic view of estuarine ecosystems, their modeling and analysis, as well as the impact of human activities and climate change A companion website with detailed answers to exercise questions Perfect for students of estuarine ecology, environmental science, fisheries science, oceanography, and natural resource management, Estuarine Ecology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals, government employees, and consultants working on estuary and wetlands management and conservation.},
	isbn = {978-1-119-53465-5},
	url = {https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Estuarine+Ecology\%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9781119534655},
	author = {Testa, Jeremy M. and Hopkinson, Charles S. and Stӕhr, Peter A. and Weston, Nathaniel}
}
@article {mulukutla_high-frequency_2022,
	title = {High-{Frequency} {Concurrent} {Measurements} in {Watershed} and {Impaired} {Estuary} {Reveal} {Coupled} {DOC} and {Decoupled} {Nitrate} {Dynamics}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445{\textendash}461},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	author = {Mulukutla, Gopal K. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Salisbury, Joseph E. and Carey, Richard O. and Gregory, Thomas K. and McDowell, William H.}
}
@article {zhang_improving_2022,
	title = {Improving Channel Hydrological Connectivity in Coastal Hydrodynamic Models With Remotely Sensed Channel Networks},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JF006294},
	abstract = {Coastal wetlands are nourished by rivers and periodical tidal flows through complex, interconnected channels. However, in hydrodynamic models, channel dimensions with respect to model grid size and uncertainties in topography preclude the correct propagation of tidal and riverine signals. It is therefore crucial to enhance channel geomorphic connectivity and simplify sub-channel features based on remotely sensed networks for practical computational applications. Here, we utilize channel networks derived from diverse remote sensing imagery as a baseline to build a \~{}10 m resolution hydrodynamic model that covers the Wax Lake Delta and adjacent wetlands (\~{}360 km2) in coastal Louisiana, USA. In this richly gauged system, intensive calibrations are conducted with 18 synchronous field-observations of water levels taken in 2016, and discharge data taken in 2021. We modify channel geometry, targeting realism in channel connectivity. The results show that a minimum channel depth of 2 m and a width of four grid elements (approximatively 40 m) are required to enable a realistic tidal propagation in wetland channels. The optimal depth for tidal propagation can be determined by a simplified cost function method that evaluates the competition between flow travel time and alteration of the volume of the channels. The integration of high spatial-resolution models and remote sensing imagery provides a general framework to improve models performance in salt marshes, mangroves, deltaic wetlands, and tidal flats.},
	keywords = {channel geometry, coastal numerical model, cost function, flow propagation, model performance, remote-sensed channel network},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JF006294},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JF006294},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Wright, Kyle and Passalacqua, Paola and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {gaiser_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term ecological research and the COVID-19 anthropause: A window to understanding social{\textendash}ecological disturbance},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e4019},
	abstract = {The period of disrupted human activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, coined the {\textquotedblleft}anthropause,{\textquotedblright} altered the nature of interactions between humans and ecosystems. It is uncertain how the anthropause has changed ecosystem states, functions, and feedback to human systems through shifts in ecosystem services. Here, we used an existing disturbance framework to propose new investigation pathways for coordinated studies of distributed, long-term social-ecological research to capture effects of the anthropause. Although it is still too early to comprehensively evaluate effects due to pandemic-related delays in data availability and ecological response lags, we detail three case studies that show how long-term data can be used to document and interpret changes in air and water quality and wildlife populations and behavior coinciding with the anthropause. These early findings may guide interpretations of effects of the anthropause as it interacts with other ongoing environmental changes in the future, particularly highlighting the importance of long-term data in separating disturbance impacts from natural variation and long-term trends. Effects of this global disturbance have local to global effects on ecosystems with feedback to social systems that may be detectable at spatial scales captured by nationally to globally distributed research networks.},
	keywords = {ecosystems, feedback, LTER, press, pulse, recovery, reorganization, resilience},
	issn = {2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	author = {Gaiser, Evelyn E. and Kominoski, John S. and McKnight, Diane M. and Bahlai, Christie A. and Cheng, Chingwen and Record, Sydne and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Christianson, Kyle R. and Downs, Martha R. and Hawman, Peter A. and Holbrook, Sally J. and Kumar, Abhishek and Mishra, Deepak R. and Molotch, Noah P. and Primack, Richard B. and Rassweiler, Andrew and Schmitt, Russell J. and Sutter, Lori A.}
}
@article {liu_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term variations in water discharge and sediment load of the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {The water discharge and sediment load have been increasingly altered by climate change and human activities in recent decades. For the Pearl River, however, long-term variations in the sediment regime, especially in the last decade, remain poorly known. Here we updated knowledge of the temporal trends in the sediment regime of the Pearl River at annual, seasonal and monthly time scales from the 1950s to 2020. Results show that the annual sediment load and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) exhibited drastically decreased, regardless of water discharge. Compared with previous studies, we also found that sediment load and SSC reached a conspicuous peak in the 1980s, and showed a significant decline starting in the 2000s and 1990s, respectively. In the last decade, however, water discharge and sediment load showed slightly increasing trends. At the seasonal scale, the wet-season water discharge displays a decreasing trend, while the dry-season water discharge is increasing. At the monthly scale, the flood seasons in the North and East Rivers typically occur one month earlier than that in the West River due to the different precipitation regimes. Precipitation was responsible for the long-term change of discharge, while human activities (e.g. dam construction and land use change) exerted different effects on the variations in sediment load among different periods. Changes in the sediment regime have exerted substantial influences on downstream channel morphology and saltwater intrusion in the Greater Bay Area. Our study proposes a watershed-based solution, and provides scientific guidelines for the sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.983517},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Liu, Xinhui and Shao, Dongdong and Miao, Chiyuan and Cai, Yanzi and Hou, Congyu and Liu, Yeling and Li, Xia and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi__modelling_2022,
	title = {Modelling Tidal Environments},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {62{\textendash}82},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Estuary Inlet Morphodynamics Numerical model Salt marsh Sediment transport Tidal channel Tidal flat Tidal landforms Tides},
	isbn = {9780128182352},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00097-3},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345000973?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N. and Carniello, L. and Canestrelli, A. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Nardin, W.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@article {stopak_quantifying_2022,
	title = {Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {5499},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are vulnerable to sea-level rise, sediment deficits, and storm impacts. To remain vertically resilient, salt marshes must accrete sediment at rates greater or equal to sea-level rise. Ice-rafted debris (IRD), sediment that has been moved and deposited from ice sheets, is one of many processes that contribute to salt marsh sediment accretion in northern latitudes. On 4 January 2018, a winter storm caused major ice mobilization in the Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, USA, which led to large deposits of ice-rafted sediment. We aimed to quantify the volume and mass of deposited sediment, and evaluate the significance of IRD to sediment supply in Plum Island using pixel-based land-cover classification of aerial imagery collected by an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and a Digital Elevation Model. Field measurements of patch thickness, and the area of IRD determined from the classification were used to estimate annual sediment accretion from IRD. Results show that IRD deposits are localized in three areas, and estimates show that IRD contributes an annual sediment accretion rate of 0.57 {\textpm} 0.14 mm/y to the study site. New England salt marsh accretion rates typically vary between 2{\textendash}10 mm/y, and the average PIE sediment accretion rate is 2.5{\textendash}2.7 mm/y. Therefore, this event contributed on average 20\% of the annual volume of material accreted by salt marshes, although locally the deposit thickness was 8{\textendash}14 times the annual accretion rate. We show that pixel-based classification can be a useful tool for identifying sediment deposits from remote sensing. Additionally, we suggest that IRD has the potential to bring a significant supply of sediment to salt marshes in northern latitudes and contribute to sediment accretion. As remotely sensed aerial imagery from UASs becomes more readily available, this method can be used to efficiently identify and quantify deposited sediment.},
	keywords = {pixel-based classification, salt marshes, sediment transport, storms},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs14215499},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5499},
	author = {Stopak, Sarah and Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {reed_responses_2022,
	title = {Responses of Coastal Ecosystems to Climate Change: Insights from Long-Term Ecological Research},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {871{\textendash}888},
	abstract = {Coastal ecosystems play a disproportionately large role in society, and climate change is altering their ecological structure and function, as well as their highly valued goods and services. In the present article, we review the results from decade-scale research on coastal ecosystems shaped by foundation species (e.g., coral reefs, kelp forests, coastal marshes, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, barrier islands) to show how climate change is altering their ecological attributes and services. We demonstrate the value of site-based, long-term studies for quantifying the resilience of coastal systems to climate forcing, identifying thresholds that cause shifts in ecological state, and investigating the capacity of coastal ecosystems to adapt to climate change and the biological mechanisms that underlie it. We draw extensively from research conducted at coastal ecosystems studied by the US Long Term Ecological Research Network, where long-term, spatially extensive observational data are coupled with shorter-term mechanistic studies to understand the ecological consequences of climate change.},
	issn = {0006-3568},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biac006},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac006},
	author = {Reed, Daniel C and Schmitt, Russell J and Burd, Adrian B and Burkepile, Deron E and Kominoski, John S and McGlathery, Karen J and Miller, Robert J and Morris, James T and Zinnert, Julie C}
}
@article {wollheim_superlinear_2022,
	title = {Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1230},
	abstract = {River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	author = {Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Robison, Andrew L. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Helton, Ashley M. and Song, Chao and Bowden, William B. and Finlay, Jacques C.}
}
@article {zhang_using_2022,
	title = {Using rapid repeat {SAR} interferometry to improve hydrodynamic models of flood propagation in coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {159},
	year = {2022},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {104088},
	issn = {03091708},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104088},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170821002402},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Jones, Cathleen E. and Oliver-Cabrera, Talib and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {mori_biodiversityproductivity_2021,
	title = {Biodiversity{\textendash}productivity relationships are key to nature-based climate solutions},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	volume = {11},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {543{\textendash}550},
	issn = {1758-678X, 1758-6798},
	doi = {10.1038/s41558-021-01062-1},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01062-1},
	author = {Mori, Akira S. and Dee, Laura E. and Gonzalez, Andrew and Ohashi, Haruka and Cowles, Jane and Wright, Alexandra J. and Loreau, Michel and Hautier, Yann and Newbold, Tim and Reich, Peter B. and Matsui, Tetsuya and Takeuchi, Wataru and Okada, Kei-ichi and Seidl, Rupert and Isbell, Forest}
}
@article {colombano_climate_2021,
	title = {Climate {Change} {Implications} for {Tidal} {Marshes} and {Food} {Web} {Linkages} to {Estuarine} and {Coastal} {Nekton}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1637{\textendash}1648},
	abstract = {Abstract Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future.},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
	author = {Colombano, Denise D. and Litvin, Steven Y. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Alford, Scott B. and Baker, Ronald and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Lesser, Justin S. and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Pahl, James W. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Staver, Lorie W. and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J.}
}
@article {iwaniec_connectivity_2021,
	title = {Connectivity: insights from the {U}.{S}. {Long} {Term} {Ecological} {Research} {Network}},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {12},
	number = {5},
	year = {2021},
	month = {may},
	issn = {2150-8925, 2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.3432},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3432},
	author = {Iwaniec, David M. and Gooseff, Michael and Suding, Katharine N. and Samuel Johnson, David and Reed, Daniel C. and Peters, Debra P. C. and Adams, Byron and Barrett, John E. and Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. and Castorani, Max C. N. and Cook, Elizabeth M. and Davidson, Melissa J. and Groffman, Peter M. and Hanan, Niall P. and Huenneke, Laura F. and Johnson, Pieter T. J. and McKnight, Diane M. and Miller, Robert J. and Okin, Gregory S. and Preston, Daniel L. and Rassweiler, Andrew and Ray, Chris and Sala, Osvaldo E. and Schooley, Robert L. and Seastedt, Timothy and Spasojevic, Marko J. and Vivoni, Enrique R.}
}
@article {avolio_determinants_2021,
	title = {Determinants of community compositional change are equally affected by global change},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {24},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1892{\textendash}1904},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.13824},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13824},
	author = {Avolio, Meghan L. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Collins, Scott L. and Grman, Emily and Koerner, Sally E. and Tredennick, Andrew T. and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Baer, Sara and Boughton, Elizabeth H. and Britton, Andrea J. and Foster, Bryan and Gough, Laura and Hovenden, Mark and Isbell, Forest and Jentsch, Anke and Johnson, David S. and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Langley, J. Adam and Lortie, Christopher and McCulley, Rebecca L. and McLaren, Jennie R. and Reich, Peter B. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suding, Katharine N. and Suttle, K. Blake and Tognetti, Pedro M.},
	editor = {Anderson, Marti}
}
@article {ziegler_geographic_2021,
	title = {Geographic {Variation} in {Salt} {Marsh} {Structure} and {Function} for {Nekton}: a {Guide} to {Finding} {Commonality} {Across} {Multiple} {Scales}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1497{\textendash}1507},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00894-y},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00894-y},
	author = {Ziegler, Shelby L. and Baker, Ronald and Crosby, Sarah C. and Colombano, Denise D. and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Deegan, Linda A. and Gilby, Ben L. and Mallick, Debbrota and Martin, Charles W. and Nelson, James A. and Reinhardt, James F. and Simenstad, Charles A. and Waltham, Nathan J. and Worthington, Thomas A. and Rozas, Lawrence P.}
}
@article {shafizadeh-moghadam_integrating_2021,
	title = {Integrating a {Forward} {Feature} {Selection} algorithm, {Random} {Forest}, and {Cellular} {Automata} to extrapolate urban growth in the {Tehran}-{Karaj} {Region} of {Iran}},
	journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2021},
	month = {may},
	pages = {101595},
	issn = {01989715},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101595},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0198971521000028},
	author = {Shafizadeh-Moghadam, Hossein and Minaei, Masoud and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore and Asghari, Ali and Dadashpoor, Hashem}
}
@article {sangermano_linking_2021,
	title = {Linking land change model evaluation to model objective for the assessment of land cover change impacts on biodiversity},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2707{\textendash}2723},
	issn = {0921-2973, 1572-9761},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-021-01251-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-021-01251-5},
	author = {Sangermano, Florencia and Pontius, Robert Gilmore and Chaitman, Jamieson and Meneghini, Aaron}
}
@article {babitch_resolving_2021,
	title = {Resolving {Estuarine} {Nitrogen} {Use} by {Phytoplankton} {Communities} {Using} a {Whole} {Ecosystem} {Tracer} {Approach}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {7},
	year = {2021},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1883{\textendash}1898},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-00905-6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-00905-6},
	author = {Babitch, Jaylyn W. and Nelson, James A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Sullivan, Hillary and Stauffer, Beth A.}
}
@article {jin_river_2021,
	title = {River body extraction from sentinel-{2A}/{B} {MSI} images based on an adaptive multi-scale region growth method},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2021},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {112297},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2021.112297},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425721000158},
	author = {Jin, Song and Liu, Yongxue and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mi, Huan and Qiao, Gang and Xu, Wenxuan and Sun, Chao and Liu, Yongchao and Zhao, Bingxue and Fichot, C{\'e}dric G.}
}
@article {luk_soil_2021,
	title = {Soil {Organic} {Carbon} {Development} and {Turnover} in {Natural} and {Disturbed} {Salt} {Marsh} {Environments}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jan},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL090287},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL090287},
	author = {Luk, Sheron Y. and Todd-Brown, Katherine and Eagle, Meagan and McNichol, Ann P. and Sanderman, Jonathan and Gosselin, Kelsey and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {robison_spatial_2021,
	title = {Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane ebullition in lowland headwater streams and the impact on sampling design},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {66},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {4063{\textendash}4076},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11943},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11943},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Turek, Bonnie and Bova, Cynthia and Snay, Carter and Varner, Ruth K.}
}
@article {waltham_tidal_2021,
	title = {Tidal {Marsh} {Restoration} {Optimism} in a {Changing} {Climate} and {Urbanizing} {Seascape}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1681{\textendash}1690},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	author = {Waltham, Nathan J. and Alcott, Caitlin and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Deegan, Linda A. and Dodds, Kate and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Gilby, Ben L. and Henderson, Christopher J. and McLuckie, Catherine M. and Minello, Thomas J. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Simenstad, Charles A. and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Weinstein, Michael P.}
}
@article {PIE503,
	title = {A climate migrant escapes its parasites},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {641},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {111-121},
	keywords = {climate change, climate migrant, enemy-release hypothesis, fiddler crab, global change, LTER-PIE, parasite escape, population dynamics, range expansions, range shift},
	doi = {10.3354/meps13278},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Shields, J.D. and Doucette, D. and Heard, R.}
}
@article {liu_efficient_2020,
	title = {Efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought-induced die-off of salt marshes: {Implications} for coastal restoration and management},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {749},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {141493},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141493},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720350221},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and She, Xiaojun and Ma, Xu and Xie, Chengjie and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {sills_fisheries_2020,
	title = {Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {370},
	number = {6517},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {670{\textendash}671},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abe9332},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe9332},
	author = {Baker, Ronald and Taylor, Matthew D. and Able, Kenneth W. and Beck, Michael W. and Cebrian, Just and Colombano, Denise D. and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn and Deegan, Linda A. and Feller, Ilka C. and Gilby, Ben L. and Kimball, Matthew E. and Minello, Thomas J. and Rozas, Lawrence P. and Simenstad, Charles and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J. and Weinstein, Michael P. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and zu Ermgassen, Philine S.E. and Alcott, Caitlin and Alford, Scott B. and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Crosby, Sarah C. and Dodds, Kate and Frank, Alyssa and Goeke, Janelle and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Hardcastle, Felicity E. and Henderson, Christopher J. and James, W. Ryan and Kenworthy, Matthew D. and Lesser, Justin and Mallick, Debbrota and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Nelson, James A. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James W. and Ramsden, Sarah and Rehage, Jennifer S. and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A.M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W.},
	editor = {Sills, Jennifer}
}
@article {hautier_general_2020,
	title = {General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5375},
	abstract = {Abstract Eutrophication is a widespread environmental change that usually reduces the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity in local communities. Whether this effect is scale dependent remains to be elucidated. Here, we determine the relationship between plant diversity and temporal stability of productivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of chronic fertilization on these relationships. Unfertilized local communities with more plant species exhibit greater asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations, resulting in greater local stability (alpha stability). Moreover, neighborhood communities that have greater spatial variation in plant species composition within sites (higher beta diversity) have greater spatial asynchrony of productivity among communities, resulting in greater stability at the larger scale (gamma stability). Importantly, fertilization consistently weakens the contribution of plant diversity to both of these stabilizing mechanisms, thus diminishing the positive effect of biodiversity on stability at differing spatial scales. Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of plant diversity within and among ecological communities.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19252-4},
	author = {Hautier, Yann and Zhang, Pengfei and Loreau, Michel and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Hector, Andy and Adler, Peter B. and Alberti, Juan and Arnillas, Carlos A. and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brudvig, Lars A. and Bugalho, Miguel N. and Cadotte, Marc and Caldeira, Maria C. and Carroll, Oliver and Crawley, Mick and Collins, Scott L. and Daleo, Pedro and Dee, Laura E. and Eisenhauer, Nico and Eskelinen, Anu and Fay, Philip A. and Gilbert, Benjamin and Hansar, Amandine and Isbell, Forest and Knops, Johannes M. H. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Moore, Joslin L. and Morgan, John W. and Mori, Akira S. and Peri, Pablo L. and Pos, Edwin T. and Power, Sally A. and Price, Jodi N. and Reich, Peter B. and Risch, Anita C. and Roscher, Christiane and Sankaran, Mahesh and Sch{\"u}tz, Martin and Smith, Melinda and Stevens, Carly and Tognetti, Pedro M. and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, Glenda M. and Wilfahrt, Peter A. and Wang, Shaopeng}
}
@article {quan_intensity_2020,
	title = {Intensity {Analysis} to communicate land change during three time intervals in two regions of {Quanzhou} {City}, {China}},
	journal = {GIScience \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {21{\textendash}36},
	issn = {1548-1603, 1943-7226},
	doi = {10.1080/15481603.2019.1658420},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15481603.2019.1658420},
	author = {Quan, Bin and Pontius, Robert Gilmore and Song, Hui}
}
@article {bulseco_metagenomics_2020,
	title = {Metagenomics coupled with biogeochemical rates measurements provide evidence that nitrate addition stimulates respiration in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	number = {S1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jan},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11326},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11326},
	author = {Bulseco, Ashley N. and Vineis, Joseph H. and Murphy, Anna E. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Giblin, Anne E. and Tucker, Jane and Bowen, Jennifer L.}
}
@article {bowen_not_2020,
	title = {Not {All} {Nitrogen} {Is} {Created} {Equal}: {Differential} {Effects} of {Nitrate} and {Ammonium} {Enrichment} in {Coastal} {Wetlands}},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {70},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1108{\textendash}1119},
	abstract = {Abstract Excess reactive nitrogen (N) flows from agricultural, suburban, and urban systems to coasts, where it causes eutrophication. Coastal wetlands take up some of this N, thereby ameliorating the impacts on nearshore waters. Although the consequences of N on coastal wetlands have been extensively studied, the effect of the specific form of N is not often considered. Both oxidized N forms (nitrate, NO3-) and reduced forms (ammonium, NH4+) can relieve nutrient limitation and increase primary production. However, unlike NH4+, NO3- can also be used as an electron acceptor for microbial respiration. We present results demonstrating that, in salt marshes, microbes use NO3- to support organic matter decomposition and primary production is less stimulated than when enriched with reduced N. Understanding how different forms of N mediate the balance between primary production and decomposition is essential for managing coastal wetlands as N enrichment and sea level rise continue to assail our coasts.},
	issn = {0006-3568, 1525-3244},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biaa140},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/70/12/1108/6025501},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L and Giblin, Anne E and Murphy, Anna E and Bulseco, Ashley N and Deegan, Linda A and Johnson, David S and Nelson, James A and Mozdzer, Thomas J and Sullivan, Hillary L}
}
@article {PIE497,
	title = {Oxygen and Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements Provide Different Insights into Gross Oxygen Production in a Shallow Salt Marsh Pond.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {light-dependent respiration, LTER-PIE, metabolism, oxygen, pond, primary production, salt marsh, triple oxygen isotopes},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00757-6},
	author = {Howard, E.M. and Spivak, A.C. and Karolewski, J.S. and Gosslein, K.M. and Sandwidth, Z.O. and Manning, C.C. and Stanley, R.H.R}
}
@article {PIE498,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly to Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, LTER-PIE, metabolism, primary production, salt marsh, scaling},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Denmark, A. and Gosselin, K. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly-to-Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020JG005664},
	abstract = {Shallow ponds are expanding in many salt marshes with potential impacts on ecosystem functioning. Determining how pond characteristics change over time and scale with physical dimensions and other spatial predictors could facilitate incorporation of ponds into projections of ecosystem change. We evaluated scaling relationships across six differently sized ponds in three regions of the high marshes within the Plum Island Ecosystems-Long Term Ecological Research site (MA, USA). We further characterized diel fluctuations in surface water chemistry in two ponds to understand short-term processes that affect emergent properties (e.g., habitat suitability). Primary producers drove oxygen levels to supersaturation during the day, while nighttime respiration resulted in hypoxic to anoxic conditions. Diel swings in oxygen were mirrored by pH and resulted in successive shifts in redox-sensitive metabolisms, as indicated by nitrate consumption at dusk followed by peaks in ammonium and then sulfide overnight. Abundances of macroalgae and Ruppia maritima correlated with whole-pond oxygen metabolism rates, but not with surface area (SA), volume (V), or SA:V. Moreover, there were no clear patterns in primary producer abundances, surface water chemistry, or pond metabolism rates across marsh regions supplied by different tidal creeks or that differed in distance to upland borders or creekbanks. Comparisons with data from 2 years prior demonstrate that plant communities and biogeochemical processes are not in steady state. Factors contributing to variability between ponds and years are unclear but likely include infrequent tidal exchange. Temporal and spatial variability and the absence of scaling relationships complicate the integration of high marsh ponds into ecosystem biogeochemical models.},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, metabolism, salt marsh, scaling},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Denmark, Alexander and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@article {morris_tidal_2020,
	title = {Tidal and {Hurricane} {Impacts} on {Saltmarshes} in the {Northeastern} {Coastal} and {Barrier} {Network}: {Theory} and {Empirical} {Results}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {43},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1658{\textendash}1671},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	author = {Morris, James T. and Lynch, James and Renken, Katherine A. and Stevens, Sara and Tyrrell, Megan and Plaisted, Holly}
}
@mastersthesis {8661,
	title = {Tidal marsh response to sediment deposition from tropical and extratropical storms. MS thesis},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2020},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, Sediment deposition, storms, tidal marsh},
	author = {Stumpf, A}
}
@article {PIE488,
	title = {Tidal Wetland Gross Primary Production Across the Continental United States, 2000{\textendash}2019.},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {blue carbon, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, tidal wetlands},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GB006349},
	author = {Feagin, A. and Forbrich, I. and Huff, T.P. and Barr, J. G. and Ruiz-Plancarte, J. and Fuentes, J. D. and NaJJar, R. G. and Vargas, R. and V{\'a}zquez-Lule, A. and Windham-Myers. L. and Kroeger, K. D. and Ward, E. J. and Moore, G. W. and Leclerc, M. and Krauss, K. W. and Stagg, C. L. and Alber, M. and Knox, S. H. and Sch{\"a}fer, K.V.R. and Bianchi, T. S. and Hutchings, J. A. and Nahrawi, H. and Noormets, A. and Mitra, B. and Jaimes, A. and Hinson, A. L. and Bergamaschi, B. and King, J. S. and Miao, G.}
}
@article {lesser_trophic_2020,
	title = {Trophic niche size and overlap decreases with increasing ecosystem productivity},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {129},
	number = {9},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1303{\textendash}1313},
	issn = {0030-1299, 1600-0706},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.07026},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.07026},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and James, W. Ryan and Stallings, Christopher D. and Wilson, Rachel M. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {paynter_characterizing_2019,
	title = {Characterizing a {New} {England} {Saltmarsh} with {NASA} {G}-{LiHT} {Airborne} {Lidar}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {509},
	abstract = {Airborne lidar can observe saltmarshes on a regional scale, targeting phenological and tidal states to provide the information to more effectively utilize frequent multispectral satellite observations to monitor change. Airborne lidar observations from NASA Goddard Lidar Hyperspectral and Thermal (G-LiHT) of a well-studied region of saltmarsh (Plum Island, Massachusetts, United States) were acquired in multiple years (2014, 2015 and 2016). These airborne lidar data provide characterizations of important saltmarsh components, as well as specifications for effective surveys. The invasive Phragmites australis was observed to increase in extent from 8374 m2 in 2014, to 8882 m2 in 2015 (+6.1\%), and again to 13,819 m2 in 2016 (+55.6\%). Validation with terrestrial lidar supported this increase, but suggested the total extent was still underestimated. Estimates of Spartina alterniflora extent from airborne lidar were within 7\% of those from terrestrial lidar, but overestimation of height of Spartina alterniflora was found to occur at the edges of creeks (+83.9\%). Capturing algae was found to require observations within {\textpm}15{\textdegree} of nadir, and capturing creek structure required observations within {\textpm}10{\textdegree} of nadir. In addition, 90.33\% of creeks and ditches were successfully captured in the airborne lidar data (8206.3 m out of 9084.3 m found in aerial imagery).},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11050509},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/509},
	author = {Paynter, Ian and Schaaf, Crystal and Bowen, Jennifer and Deegan, Linda and Peri, Francesco and Cook, Bruce}
}
@article {PIE464,
	title = {Characterizing a New England Saltmarsh with NASA G-LiHT Airborne Lidar},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {509-539},
	keywords = {classification, geomorphology, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, modelling, NSF-TIDE, population dynamics, saltmarsh, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11050509},
	author = {Paynter, I. and Schaaf, C. and Bowen, J.L. and Deegan, L. and Peri, F. and Cook, B.}
}
@article {nelson_feedbacks_2019,
	title = {Feedbacks {Between} {Nutrient} {Enrichment} and {Geomorphology} {Alter} {Bottom}-{Up} {Control} on {Food} {Webs}},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {229{\textendash}242},
	issn = {1432-9840, 1435-0629},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	author = {Nelson, James A. and Johnson, David Samuel and Deegan, Linda A. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Sommer, Nathalie R.}
}
@article {PIE472,
	title = {Fluid geochemistry, local hydrology, and metabolic activity define methanogen community size and composition in deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {ISME},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {flow path geometry, LTER-PIE, methanogens, microbial communities, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1038/s41396-019-0382-3},
	author = {Stewart, L.C. and Algar, C.K. and Fortunato, C.S. and Larson, B.I. and Vallino, J.J. and Huber, J.A. and Butterfield, D.A. and Holden, J.F.}
}
@article {PIE486,
	title = {Global-change controls on soil-carbon accumulation and loss in coastal vegetated ecosystems},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {685-692},
	keywords = {blue-carbon, decomposition, disturbance, LTER-PIE, mangrove, organic matter, salt marsh, seagrass, soil accumulation},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-019-0435-2},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Sanderman, J. and Bowen, J.L. and Canuel, E.A. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE466,
	title = {GlobeLand30 maps show four times larger gross than net land change from 2000 to 2010 in Asia},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {Asia, GlobeLand30, intensity analysis, land cover change, land degradation, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2019.01.003},
	author = {Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H. and Minaei, M. and Feng, Y. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@techreport {PIE469,
	title = {Hurricane Sandy Impacts on Coastal Wetland Resilience},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {117},
	institution = {USGS},
	keywords = {accretion, LTER-PIE, disturbance, salt marsh, sedimentation, wetlands},
	issn = {2018{\textendash}1142},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20181142},
	author = {Cahoon, D.R. and Olker, J.H. and Yeates, A.G. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Grace, J.B. and Adamowicz, S.C. and Anisfeld, S., and Baldwin, A.H. and Barrett, N., and Beckett, L., and Benzecry, A. and Blum, L.K., and Burdick, D.M., and Crouch, W. and Ekberg, M.C. and Fernald, S. and Grimes, K.W. and Grzyb, J. and Hartig, E.K. and Kreeger, D.A. and Larson, M. and Lerberg, S. and Lynch, J.C. and Maher, N. and Maxwell-Doyle, M. and Mitchell, L.R. and Mora, J. and O{\textquoteright}Neill, V. and Padeletti, A. and Prosser, D. and Quirk, T. and Raposa, K.B. and Reay, W.G. and Siok, D. and Snow, C. and Starke, A. and Staver, L. and Stevenson, J.C. and Turner, V.},
	editor = {USGS}
}
@article {PIE465,
	title = {Intensity Analysis and the Figure of Merit{\textquoteright}s components for assessment of a Cellular Automata {\textendash} Markov simulation model},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {CA-Markov, cellular-automata, figure of merit, intensity analysis, land change, LTER-PIE, Validation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.057},
	author = {Varga, O.G. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Singh, S.K. and Szabo, S.}
}
@article {PIE484,
	title = {Metagenomics coupled with biogeochemical rates measurements provide evidence that nitrate addition stimulates respiration in salt marsh sediments.},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {denitrification, dissolved inorganic carbon, flow through reactor, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrate addition, population dynamics, salt marsh, shotgun metagenomics},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11326},
	author = {Bulseco, A.N. and Vineis, J.H. and Murphy, A.E. and Spivak, A.C. and Giblin, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {PIE470,
	title = {Short-term effect of simulated salt marsh restoration by sand-amendment on sediment bacterial communities},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacteria communities, inundation, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215767},
	author = {Thomas, Francois and Morris, J.T. and Wigand, C. and Sievert, S.M.}
}
@article {bortolus_supporting_2019,
	title = {Supporting \textit{{Spartina}} : {Interdisciplinary} perspective shows \textit{{Spartina}} as a distinct solid genus},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {11},
	year = {2019},
	issn = {0012-9658, 1939-9170},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.2863},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.2863},
	author = {Bortolus, Alejandro and Adam, Paul and Adams, Janine B. and Ainouche, Malika L. and Ayres, Debra and Bertness, Mark D. and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and Bruno, John F. and Ca{\c c}ador, Isabel and Carlton, James T. and Castillo, Jesus M. and Costa, Cesar S. B. and Davy, Anthony J. and Deegan, Linda and Duarte, Bernardo and Figueroa, Enrique and Gerwein, Joel and Gray, Alan J. and Grosholz, Edwin D. and Hacker, Sally D. and Hughes, A. Randall and Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique and Mendelssohn, Irving A. and Morris, James T. and Mu{\~n}oz-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Adolfo F. and Nieva, Francisco J. J. and Levin, Lisa A. and Li, Bo and Liu, Wenwen and Pennings, Steven C. and Pickart, Andrea and Redondo-G{\'o}mez, Susana and Richardson, David M. and Salmon, Armel and Schwindt, Evangelina and Silliman, Brian R. and Sotka, Erik E. and Stace, Clive and Sytsma, Mark and Temmerman, Stijn and Turner, R. Eugene and Valiela, Ivan and Weinstein, Michael P. and Weis, Judith S.}
}
@article {langley_ambient_2018,
	title = {Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {12},
	year = {2018},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5668{\textendash}5679},
	issn = {1354-1013, 1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.14442},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14442},
	author = {Langley, J. Adam and Chapman, Samantha K. and La Pierre, Kimberly J. and Avolio, Meghan and Bowman, William D. and Johnson, David S. and Isbell, Forest and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Foster, Bryan L. and Hovenden, Mark J. and Knapp, Alan K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Lortie, Christopher J. and Megonigal, James P. and Newton, Paul C. D. and Reich, Peter B. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suttle, Kenwyn B. and Tilman, David}
}
@article {PIE478,
	title = {Classification mapping of salt marsh vegetation byflexible monthly NDVItime-series using Landsat imagery},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {213},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {61-80},
	keywords = {C5.0 decision tree, classification mapping, Landsat imagery, long-term monitoring, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, remote sensing time-series, salt marsh vegetation community},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.08.007},
	author = {Sun, S. and Fagherazzi, S. and Liu, Y.}
}
@article {zuidema_controls_2018,
	title = {Controls of {Chloride} {Loading} and {Impairment} at the {River} {Network} {Scale} in {New} {England}},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {839{\textendash}847},
	issn = {00472425},
	doi = {10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	author = {Zuidema, Shan and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Mineau, Madeleine M. and Green, Mark B. and Stewart, Robert J.}
}
@article {PIE448,
	title = {Feedbacks Between Nutrient Enrichment and Geomorphology Alter Bottom-Up Control on Food Webs},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {estuary, food web theory, geomorphology, inorganic nutrients, landscape control, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, saltmarsh, spatially coupled, trophic subsidy},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	author = {Nelson, J.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Spivak, A.C. and Sommer, N.R.}
}
@thesis {PIE481,
	title = {Herbivory and Predation Patterns in Salt Marsh Habitats of Varying Size and Varying Distribution of Spartina alterniflora and S. patens },
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts, Boston},
	type = {batchelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {herbivory, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, predation, salt marsh},
	author = {Sturdy, Linnea}
}
@article {PIE480,
	title = {River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {demand, dissolved, flow regime, fluxes, gases, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, macrosystems, modeling, removal, retention, river network, saturation, sediment, sensors, supply},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Bernal, S. and Burns, D.A. and Czuba, J.A. and Driscoll, C.T. and Hansen, A.T. and Hensley, R.T. and Hosen, J.D. and Inamdar, S. and Kaushal, S.S. and Koenig, L.E. and Lu, Y.H. and Marzadri, A. and Raymond, P.A. and Scott, D. and Stewart, R.J. and Vidon, P.G. and Wohl, E.}
}
@article {PIE447,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, decomposition, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh ponds},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. M. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_shallow_2018,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1622{\textendash}1642},
	abstract = {Runaway expansion of shallow ponds can catalyze the conversion of vegetated marshes into open water environments. Predicting how this transition affects ecosystem functioning is difficult because little is known about pond biogeochemistry. We characterized sediment organic matter sources and transformations in three ponds with different plant communities, over alternating periods of tidal isolation and flushing, during summer and fall, using a combination of stable isotopes, lipid biomarkers, and benthic fluxes. Sediment respiration rates (1.66 {\textpm} 0.09 mmol C m-2 d-1 to 28.53 {\textpm} 7.76 mmol C m-2 d-1) were comparable to shallow estuaries and driven by sulfate reduction. Rates varied across ponds, reflecting differences in summertime Ruppia maritima and macroalgae abundances, but were similar between seasons. Interactions between aboveground plant and sediment bacterial communities translated into distinct biogeochemical processes across the three ponds. Tidal isolation and summer weather intensified plant and bacterial community effects on pond carbon dynamics, resulting in algal biomass and lipid δ13C values that were 3{\textendash}12{\textperthousand} enriched, compared to nearby habitats. Surface sediment organic matter mainly derived from pond microalgae and was compositionally distinct from tidal creeks and marshes. Surprisingly, sediment bacteria were not tightly coupled to benthic microalgae but decomposed multiple carbon sources in surface sediments and became increasingly reliant on buried peat at deeper horizons. Pond development over time could largely be explained by sediment respiration and the simultaneous accretion of the surrounding marsh platform. The role of decomposition in pond expansion is consistent with previous assessments based on whole-pond metabolism rates. Consequently, future pond expansion could alter ecosystem biogeochemistry and reduce carbon storage.},
	issn = {1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@article {howard_using_2018,
	title = {Using {Noble} {Gases} to {Compare} {Parameterizations} of {Air}-{Water} {Gas} {Exchange} and to {Constrain} {Oxygen} {Losses} by {Ebullition} in a {Shallow} {Aquatic} {Environment}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	number = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2711{\textendash}2726},
	issn = {2169-8953, 2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JG004441},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JG004441},
	author = {Howard, Evan M. and Forbrich, Inke and Giblin, Anne E. and Lott, Dempsey E. and Cahill, Kevin L. and Stanley, Rachel H. R.}
}
@article {wilcox_asynchrony_2017,
	title = {Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {20},
	number = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1534{\textendash}1545},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.12861},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12861},
	author = {Wilcox, Kevin R. and Tredennick, Andrew T. and Koerner, Sally E. and Grman, Emily and Hallett, Lauren M. and Avolio, Meghan L. and La Pierre, Kimberly J. and Houseman, Gregory R. and Isbell, Forest and Johnson, David Samuel and Alatalo, Juha M. and Baldwin, Andrew H. and Bork, Edward W. and Boughton, Elizabeth H. and Bowman, William D. and Britton, Andrea J. and Cahill, James F. and Collins, Scott L. and Du, Guozhen and Eskelinen, Anu and Gough, Laura and Jentsch, Anke and Kern, Christel and Klanderud, Kari and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Luo, Yiqi and McLaren, Jennie R. and Megonigal, Patrick and Onipchenko, Vladimir and Prev{\'e}y, Janet and Price, Jodi N. and Robinson, Clare H. and Sala, Osvaldo E. and Smith, Melinda D. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Lara and Tilman, David and White, Shannon R. and Xu, Zhuwen and Yahdjian, Laura and Yu, Qiang and Zhang, Pengfei and Zhang, Yunhai},
	editor = {Gurevitch, Jessica}
}
@article {PIE439,
	title = {Methods to summarize change among land categories across time intervals},
	journal = {Journal of Land Use Science},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {218-230},
	keywords = {category, disturbance, flow matrix, GIS, land change, LTER-PIE, time, transition},
	doi = {10.1080/1747423X.2017.1338768},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Krithivasan, R. and Sauls, L. and Yan, Y. and Zhang, Y.}
}
@article {PIE438,
	title = {Quantifying Site-Specific Physical Heterogeneity Within an Estuarine Seascape},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {40},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1385-1397},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuarine seascape, LTER-PIE, physical heterogeneity},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0207-9},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M.}
}
@article {PIE434,
	title = {Shallow ponds are heterogeneous habitats within a temperate salt marsh ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, ponds, primary production, salt marsh, system metabolism},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG003780},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. and Howard, E. and Mariotti, G. and Forbrich, I. and Stanley, R. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {PIE407,
	title = {Discontinuities concentrate mobile predators: Quantifying organism-environment interactions at a seascape scale},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {conservation, discontinuities, distribution, drivers, habitat, LTER-PIE, mobile organisms, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, seascape, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1226},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@inbook {PIE424,
	title = {From Headwaters to rivers to river networks: scaling in stream ecology},
	booktitle = {Streams In a Changing Environment},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {349-388},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {connectivity, LTER-PIE, rivers, streams},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00008-7},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M.},
	editor = {Jones, J. and Stanley, E.}
}
@article {PIE412,
	title = {Functional responses of salt marsh microbial communities to long-term nutrient enrichment},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {2862-2871},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, microbial communities, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.03990-15},
	author = {Graves, C.J. and Makrides, E. and Schmidt, V. and Giblin, A.E. and Cardon, Z.G. and Rand, D.M.}
}
@article {PIE413,
	title = {Limited effects of nutrient enrichment on bacterial carbon sources in salt marsh tidal creek sediments},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {544},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {107-130},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, carbon cycling, eutrophication, lipid biomarker, LTER-PIE, organic matter, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.3354/meps11587},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Ossolinski, J.}
}
@article {PIE420,
	title = {Nutrient enrichment induces dormancy and decreases diversity of active bacteria},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {bacteria, dormancy, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12881},
	author = {Kearns, P. and Angell, J.H. and Howard, E. and Deegan, L.A. and Stanley, R.H. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {PIE427,
	title = {Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {accretion, disturbance, elevation, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2909},
	author = {Kirwan, M.L. and Temmerman, S. and Skeehan, E.E. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE418,
	title = {Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {93-99},
	keywords = {accretion, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, wetlands},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.018},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Sax, D. and Palmer, M.E. and Booth, H.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Bertness, M.D. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE423,
	title = {SimiVal, a multi-criteria map comparison tool for land-change model projections},
	journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {land-change, land-change model, LTER-PIE, map tool},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.016},
	author = {Bradley, A.V. and Rosa, I.M.D. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Ahmed, S.E. and Araujo, M.B. and Brown, D.G. and Brandao Jr, A. and Carnerio, T.G.S. and Hartley, A.J. and Smith, M.J. and Ewers, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE419,
	title = {Spartina alterniflora biomass allocation and temperature: implications for salt marsh persistence with sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biomass, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0142-9},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Angermeyer, A. and Adler, J.M. and Bertness, M.D. and Deegan, L.A. and Sibinga, N. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE396,
	title = {Ecosystem service preferences and priorities for residential landscapes: Homogeneity and heterogeneity across diverse cities. },
	journal = {Urban Ecosystems},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {ecosystem services, human values, land management, lawns, LTER-PIE, residential landscapes, urban sustainability},
	doi = {10.1007/s11252-015-0477},
	author = {Larson, K.L. and Nelson, K.C. and Samples, S.R. and Hall, S.J. and Bettez, N.D. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, M. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S. and Learned, J. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Ogden,L.A. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Chowdhury, R.R. and Steele, M. and Trammell, T.L.E.}
}
@article {PIE381,
	title = {Global environmental change and the nature of aboveground net primary productivity responses: insights from long-term experiments},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {aboveground productivuty, disturbance, hierarchial respopnse framework, long-term ecological research network, LTER-PIE, nutrient addition, precipitation manipulation, primary production},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9},
	author = {Smith, M.D. and La Pierre, K.J. and Collins, S.L. and Knapp, A.K. and Gross, K.L. and Barrett, J.E. and Frey, S.D. and Gough, L. and Miller, R.J. and Morris, J.T. and Rustad, L.E. and Yarie, J.}
}
@article {PIE403,
	title = {An index to characterize the spatial distribution of land use within watersheds and implications for river network nutrient removal and export},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, land use, LTER-PIE, nitrogen export, watershed},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064965},
	author = {Mineau, M.M. and Wollheim, W.M. and Stewart, R.J.}
}
@article {PIE395,
	title = {<i>Ulva</i> additions alter soil biogeochemistry and negatively impact Spartina alterniflora growth},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {532},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {59-72},
	keywords = {allelochemicals, allelopathy, disturbance, eutrophic estuary, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, salt marsh loss},
	doi = {10.3354/meps11334},
	author = {Watson, E.B. and Wigand, C. and Oczkowski, A.J. and Sundberg, K. and Vendettuoli, D. and Jayaraman, S. and Saliba, K. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE405,
	title = {Removal of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {aquatic processing, LTER-PIE, organic matter, terrestrial dissolved organic carbon},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064647},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Stewart, R.J. and Aiken, G.R. and Butler, K.D. and Morse, N.B. and Salisbury, J.}
}
@article {PIE368,
	title = {Animating the Carbon Cycle},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {344-359},
	keywords = {animal management, animal mediation, biogeochemical cycling, carbon budgets, carbon cycling, LTER-PIE, organic matter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-013-9715-7},
	author = {Schmitz, O.J. and Raymond, P. A. and Estes, J.A. and Kurz, W.A. and Holtgrieve, G.W. and Ritchie, M.E. and Schindler, D.E. and Spivak, A.C. and Wilson, R.W. and Bradford, M.A. and Christensen, V. and Deegan, L. and Smetacek, V. and Vanni, M.J. and Wilmers, C.C.}
}
@article {PIE360,
	title = {Assessing the homogenization of urban land management with an application to US residential lawn care.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {4432-4437},
	keywords = {disturbance, land-change science, LTER-PIE, private land management, sustainability science, urban ecology},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323995111},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Grove, J.M. and Knudson, C. and Groffman, P.M. and Bettez, N.D. and Canvender-Bares, J. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K.C. and Ogden, L.A. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki,D.E. and Roy Chowdury, R. and Steele, M.}
}
@article {PIE361,
	title = {Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {cities, convergence, disturbance, hydrography, LTER-PIE, surface water, urban streams, urban water bodies, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-014-9751-y},
	author = {Steele, M.K. and Heffernan, J.B. and Bettez, N.D. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Hall, S. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K.C. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Ogden, L and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Roy Chowdury, R.}
}
@article {PIE376,
	title = {Creating spatially-explicit lawn maps without classifying remotely sensed imagery: The case of suburban Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Cities and the Environment},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {Boston, disturbance, land-change science, lawns, LTER-PIE, Monte Carlo simulation, quantity and allocation disagreement, suburbanization},
	author = {Giner, N.M. and Polsky, C. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Runfola, D.M. and Ratick S.J.}
}
@article {PIE347,
	title = {Ecological Homogenization of Urban America},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {74-81},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, plant communities, population dynamics, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1890/120374},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Bettez, N.D. and Grove, J.M. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie. S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K. and O{\textquoteright}Neill-Dunne, J. and Ogden, L. and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Chowdhury, R.R. and Steele, M.K.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE370,
	title = {The effects of nitrate fertilization on the photosynthetic performance of the salt marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, nitrogen fertilization, primary production, salt marsh},
	author = {Sullivan, H.L.}
}
@article {PIE367,
	title = {The Lotic Intersite Nitrogen Experiments: an example of successful ecological research collaboration.},
	journal = {Freshwater Science},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {700-710},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, organic matter, streams},
	doi = {10.1086/676938},
	author = {Dodds, W.K. and Webster, J. R. and Crenshaw, C. and Helton, A.M. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, J.M. and Marti, E. and Hershey, A.E. and Tank, J.L. and Burgin, A.J. and Grimm, N.B. and Hamilton, S.K. and Sobota, D.J. and Poole, G.C. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Johnson, L.T. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Hall Jr., R.A. and Johnson, S.L. and Wollheim, W.M. and Bowden, W.B.}
}
@article {PIE372,
	title = {Nitrate uptake dynamics of surface transient storage in channels and fluvial wetlands.},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {239-257},
	keywords = {denitrification, efficiency loss, fluvial wetlands, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling, river network, transient storage zones},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-014-9993-y},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Harms, T.K. and Peterson, B.J. and Morkeski, K. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Stewart, R.J. and Gooseff, M.N. and Briggs, M.A.}
}
@article {PIE387,
	title = {Quantity, Exchange and Shift Components of Differences in a Square Contingency Table},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {35},
	number = {21},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {7543-7554},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1080/2150704X.2014.969814},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Santacruz, A.}
}
@article {PIE388,
	title = {The Total Operating Characteristic to measure diagnostic ability for multiple thresholds},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {570-583},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, land use and land cover change (LUCC), LTER-PIE, relative operating characteristic (ROC), total operating characteristic (TOC)},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.862623},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Si, K}
}
@article {PIE342,
	title = {Beaver dams maintain native fish biodiversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity throughout a low-gradient stream network.},
	journal = {Freshwater Biology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1523 - 1538},
	keywords = {beaver, disturbance, ecosystem engineer, fish assemblage, habitat heterogeneity, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, riverscape scale},
	doi = {10.1111/fwb.12153},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE340,
	title = {Brinson Review: Perspectives on the influence of nutrients on the sustainability of coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Wetlands},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {975-988},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, wetland sustainability},
	doi = {10.1007/s13157-013-0480-3},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Shaffer, J.A. and Nynam, J.A.}
}
@article {PIE309,
	title = {Chronic nutrient enrichment increases the density and biomass of the mudsnail, Nassarius obsoletus.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {28-35},
	keywords = {bioindicator, biomonitoring, bottom-up, disturbance, estuatrine management, eutrophication, Ilyanassa obsoleta, LTER-PIE, nutrients, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-012-9555-2},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Short, M.I.}
}
@inbook {PIE300,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {180-200},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, nutrients, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@inbook {PIE301,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Flats},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {201-220},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuary, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, tidal flats},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@article {PIE355,
	title = {Fish biodiversity sampling in stream ecosystems: a process for evaluating the appropriate types and amount of gear.},
	journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biodiversity, conservation evaluation, ecological status, fish, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, river, stream},
	doi = {10.1002/aqc.2420},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Wells, S.P. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE364,
	title = {Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes},
	journal = {Ecological Processes},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuarine fluxes, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, tides},
	doi = {10.1186/2192-1709-2-3},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.L. and Temmerman, S. and Struyf, E. and Zhao, Y. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE313,
	title = {The importance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in the nitrogen cycle of coastal ecosystems.},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {124-131},
	keywords = {coastal ecosystems, denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycle},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.54},
	author = {Giblin, A.E. and Tobias, C.R. and Song, B. and Weston, N. and Banta, G.T. and Rivera-Monroy, V.H.}
}
@article {PIE320,
	title = {The roles of large top predators in coastal ecosystems: new insights from Long-Term Ecological Research.  },
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {156-167},
	keywords = {bottom-up control, competition, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, pulse and press disturbance, top-down control},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.59},
	author = {Rosenblatt, A. and Heithaus, M.R. and Mather, M.E. and Matich, P. and Nifong, J.C. and Ripple, W.J. and Silliman, B.R.}
}
@article {PIE331,
	title = {Salt marsh primary production and its responses to relative sea level and nutrients},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {78-84},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marshes, sea level},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.48},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Sundberg, K. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE317,
	title = {What happens in an estuary doesn{\textquoteright}t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research. },
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {168-179},
	keywords = {biotic connectivity, fish migration, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, striped bass},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.60},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Kennedy, C.G. and Deegan, L.A. and Smith, J.M.}
}
@article {PIE308,
	title = {Why Land Planners and Water Managers Don{\textquoteright}t Talk to One Another and Why They Should!},
	journal = {Society and Natural Resources},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {356-364},
	keywords = {climate adaptation, disturbance, governance gap, land planning, LTER-PIE, suburban drought, sustainable resource use, urban growth, water management},
	doi = {10.1080/08941920.2012.713448},
	author = {Gober, P. and Larson, K.L. and Quay, R. and Polsky, C. and Chang, H. and Shandas, V.}
}
@article {PIE294,
	title = {Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives at multiple scales: a common challenge for fish and watershed restoration. },
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {188-200},
	keywords = {Alosa, coastal rivers, distribution, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, spatial scale},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2012.675980},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Smith, J.M. and Cormier, R.D. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@inbook {PIE303,
	title = {Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Coastal Wetlands.},
	booktitle = {Recarbonization of the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Global Carbon Cycle. },
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {517-531},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	keywords = {anthropogenic disturbance, autochthonous, carbon sequestration, carbon stocks, coastal ecosystems, coastal wetlands, digital elevation model, diking, disturbance, drainage, holocene, LTER-PIE, mangroves, marsh equilibrium model, organic matter, organic rich soil, primary production, sea level rise, subsidence, suspended solids, tidal amplitude, tidal marshes, tide range},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_24},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Edwards, J. and Crooks, S. and Reyes, E.},
	editor = {Lal, R. and Lorenz, K. and H{\"u}ttl, R. and Schneider, B.U. and von Braun, J.}
}
@article {PIE299,
	title = {Legacy effects material flux: structural catchment changes predate long-term studies.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {575-584},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, legacy effect, long-term studies, LTER-PIE, sedimentation, streams, structural and signal legacy effects},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.8},
	author = {Bain, D. and Green, M.B. and Campbell, J. and Chamblee, J. and Fraterrigo, J. and Kaushal, S.S. and Martin, S. and Jordan, T. and Parolari, A. and Sobczak, W.V. and Weller, D.E. and Wollheim, W.M. and Boose, E. and Duncan, J. and Gettel, G. and Hall, B. and Kumar, P. and Thompson, J. and Vose, J. and Elliott, E. and Leigh, D.}
}
@article {PIE298,
	title = {Local scale carbon budgets and mitigation opportunities for the Northeastern United States.},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {23-38},
	keywords = {carbon, climate change, disturbance, energy, land use, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.7},
	author = {Raciti, S. and Fahey, T. and Hall, B. and Driscoll, C. and Carranti, F.J. and Foster, D. and Gwyther, P.S. and Jenkins, J. and Hamburg, S. and Neill, C. and Ollinger, S. and Peery, B.W. and Quigley, E. and Sherman, R. and Thomas, R.Q. and Vadeboncoeur, T.M. and Weinstein, D. and Wilson, G. and Woodbury, P. and Yandik, W.}
}
@thesis {PIE336,
	title = {Nutrient effects on Spartina patens decomposition dynamics in a New England salt marsh},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Brown University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, New England, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina patens},
	author = {Short, M.I.}
}
@inbook {PIE304,
	title = {South Atlantic Tidal Wetlands},
	booktitle = {Wetland Habitats of North America: Ecology and Conservation Concerns},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {45-61},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	keywords = {ecology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal, wetland},
	isbn = {9780520271647},
	author = {Pennings, S. and Alber, M. and Alexander, C. and Booth, M. and Burd, A. and Cai, W-J. and Craft, C. and DePratter, C. and Di Iorio, D. and Hopkinson, C. and Joye, S. and Meile, C. and Moore, W. and Silliman, B. and Thompson, V. and Wares, J.},
	editor = {Batzer, D.P. and Baldwin, A.}
}
@article {PIE379,
	title = {Surprises and insights from long term aquatic datasets and experiments.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {709-721},
	keywords = {data, disturbance, freshwater, inorganic nutrients, lakes, long term, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, streams},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.4},
	author = {Dodds, W.K. and Robinson, C.T. and Gaiser, E.E. and Hansen, G.J.A. and Powell, H. and Smith, J.M. and Morse, N.B. and Johnson, S. and Gregory, S.V. and Bell, T. and Kratz, T.K. and McDowell, W.H.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE295,
	title = {Beaver dams maintain native fish biodiversity via altered habitat heterogeneity in a coastal stream network: evaluating gear, quantifying fish assemblages, and testing ecological hypotheses with empirical data.},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	keywords = {beaver dam, coastal streams, disturbance, habitat alteration, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Smith, J.M.}
}
@inbook {PIE344,
	title = {Ecosystem Metabolism},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Ecology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {381 - 416},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
	organization = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
	chapter = {15},
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	keywords = {ecosystem metabolism, estuaries, LTER-PIE, organic matter, oxygen, carbon dioxide, primary production},
	doi = {10.1002/9781118412787.ch15},
	author = {Testa, J.M. and Kemp, W.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Smith, S.V.},
	editor = {Day, J.W. and Crump, B.C. and Kemp, W.M. and Yanez-Arancibia, A.}
}
@article {PIE267,
	title = {Microbial community composition in salt marsh sediments resists perturbation by nutrient enrichment},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1540-1548},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, estuaries, eutrophication, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, microbes, nirS, population dynamics, resistance, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.22},
	author = {Bowen, J.L. and Ward, B.B. and Morrison, H.G. and Hobbie, J.E. and Valiela, I. and Deegan, L.A. and Sogin, M.L.}
}
@article {,
	title = {Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Science},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {214-219},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrous oxide, streams},
	doi = {210.1073/pnas.1011464108},
	author = {Beaulieu, J. J. and Tank, J.L. and Hamilton, S. K. and Wollheim, W. and Hall, R. and Mulholland, P. and Peterson, B. and Ashkenas, L. and Cooper, L. and Dahm, C. and Dodds, W. and Grimm, N. and Johnson, S. and McDowell, W. and Poole, G. and Valett, H. and Arango, C. and Bernot, M. and Burgin, A. and Crenshaw, C. and Helton, A. and Johnson, L. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, J. and Potter, J. and Sheibley, D. and Sobota, D. and Thomas, S.}
}
@article {PIE273,
	title = {Research on coupled human and natural Systems (CHANS): Approach, challenges and strategies},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America},
	volume = {92},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {218-228},
	keywords = {CHANS, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9623-92.2.218},
	author = {McConnell, W.J. and Millington, J.D.A. and Reo, N.J. and Alberti, M. and Asbjornsen, H. and Baker, L.A. and Brozovi{\'c}, N. and Drinkwater, L.E. and Drzyzga, S.A. and Fragoso, J. and Holland, D.S. and Jantz, C.A. and Kohler, T.A. and Maschner, H.D.G. and Monticino, M. and Podest{\'a}, G. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Redman, C.L. and Sailor, D. and Urquhart, G. and Liu, Jianguo}
}
@article {PIE249,
	title = {Role of origin and release location in pre-spawning movements of anadromous alewives},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {12-14},
	keywords = {alosine, evaluation, LTER-PIE, native fish, restoration, stocking, telemetry, trap and transfer},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00759.x},
	author = {Frank, H.F. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE292,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal among main channel and two transient storage compartments},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, nutrients, river network, transient storage},
	doi = {10.1029/2010WR009896},
	author = {Stewart, R.J. and Wollheim, W.M. and Gooseff, M. and Briggs, M.A. and Jacobs, J.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE274,
	title = {Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N<sub>2</sub>O},
	journal = {Atmospheric Envrionment},
	volume = {45},
	number = {26},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {4390-4397},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.046},
	author = {Moseman-Valtierra, A. and Gonzalez, R. and Kroeger, K.D. and Tang, J. and Chao, W.C. and Crusius, J. and Bratton, J. and Green, A. and Shelton, J.}
}
@article {PIE275,
	title = {Taking the pulse of snowmelt: In situ sensors reveal season, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI },
	keywords = {disturbance, Diurnal, FDOM, Forested, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrate, organic matter, Snowmelt, streams},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Saraceno, J. and Shanley, J.B. and Sebestyn, S. and Aiken, G.R. and Wollheim, W.M. and Bergamaschi, B.A.}
}
@article {PIE272,
	title = {Thinking outside the channel: Modeling nitrogen cycling in networked river ecosystems},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {229-238},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling modeling, rivers},
	doi = {10.1890/080211},
	author = {Helton, A.M. and Poole, G.C. and Meyer, J.L. and Wollheim, W.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Mulholland, P.J. and Bernhardt, E.S. and Stanford, J.A. and Arango, C. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L.W. and Dodds, W.K. and Gregory, S.V. and Hall, R.O. and Hamilton, S.K. and Johnson, S.L. and McDowell, W.H. and Potter, J.D. and Tank, J.L. and Thomas, S.M. and Valett, H.M. and Webster, J.R. and Zeglin, L.}
}
@article {PIE280,
	title = {Use of computed tomography imaging for quantifying coarse roots, rhizomes, peat, and particle densities in marsh soils},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {2156-2171},
	keywords = {bulk density, CAT scan, CT imaging, ecosystem services, eutrophication, LTER-PIE, monitoring program, organic matter, particle density, peat, rhizomes, roots, sea level rise, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.1890/10-2037.1},
	author = {Davey, E. and Wigand, C. and Johnson, R. and Sundberg, K. and Morris, J. and Roman, C.T.}
}
@article {PIE296,
	title = {Using assemblage data in ecological indicators: a comparison and evaluation of commonly available statistical tools},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {253-262},
	keywords = {cluster analysis, detrended correspondence analysis, fish assemblage, fish community, logistic regression, LTER-PIE, multidimensional scaling, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.009},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE170,
	title = {Abundance of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria along an estuarine salinity gradient in relationship to potential nitrification rates.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1285-1289},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuaries, LTER-PIE, microbes, nitrification, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.02018-09},
	author = {Bernhard, A. and Landry, Z.C. and Blevins, A. and de al Torre, J.R. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE247,
	title = {Diversity in destinations, routes and timing of small adult and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis on their southward autumn migration},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {2326-2337},
	keywords = {coastal migration, contingent, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, overwinter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02811.x},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Pautzke, S.M. and Fox, D. and Savoy, T. and Brundage III, H.M. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE262,
	title = {Modeling water use in the metropolitan area planning council region},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, water usage},
	author = {Shmookler, R.}
}
@article {,
	title = {The Adopt-a-Herring Program as a Fisheries Conservation Tool},
	journal = {Fisheries},
	volume = {34},
	number = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {496-507},
	keywords = {aquatic stewardship, biology, disturbance, environmental-education program, LTER-PIE, management, nongovernmental organizations, outreach, population dynamics, restoration, scientists, society, species conservation},
	doi = {10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496},
	author = {Frank, H.J. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE181,
	title = {Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {91-116},
	keywords = {anthropogenic nitrogen, denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LINX, LTER-PIE, NHD river network, nitrate loss, nitrate model, nitrate removal efficiency, seasonal},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8},
	author = {Alexander, R.B. and Bohlke, J.F. and Boyer, E.W. and David, M. and Harvey, J.W. and Mulholland, P.J. and Seitzinger, S.P. and Tobias, C.R. and Tonitto, C. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE225,
	title = {Effective denitrification scales predictably with water residence time across diverse systems},
	journal = {Nature Precedings},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, estuary, ground water, inorganic nutrients, lake, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, residence, river, soil, stream, time scaling, water, wetland},
	doi = {10101/npre.2009.3520.1},
	author = {Green, M. and Wollheim, W.M. and Basu, N. and Gettel, G.M. and Rao, P. and Morse, N. and Stewart, R.}
}
@article {PIE185,
	title = {Effects of regular salt marsh haying on marsh plants, algae, invertebrates and birds at Plum Island Sound, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {469-487},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, disturbance, haying, LTER-PIE, Orchestia, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, shorebirds, Spartina, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1007/s11273-008-9125-3},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.N. and Deegan, L.A. and Horowitz, J. and Garritt, R.H. and Ludlam, J.P. and Shull, D. H.}
}
@article {PIE218,
	title = {Evaluation of a gastric radio tag insertion technique for anadromous river herring.},
	journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {367-377},
	keywords = {American shad, behavior, confinement, fish, fresh-water, LTER-PIE, migration, physiology, population dynamics, salmon smolts, stress-response, tracking},
	doi = {10.1577/M08-111.1},
	author = {Smith, J.S. and Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@article {PIE235,
	title = {The Long-Term Ecological Research community metadata standardisation project: a progress report.},
	journal = {International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {141-153},
	keywords = {ecological metadata language, EML, LTER-IMC, LTER-PIE, metadata, metadata management, standardisation},
	doi = {10.1504/IJMSO.2009.027750},
	author = {San Gil, I. and Baker, K. and Campbell, J. and Denny, E.G. and Vanderbilt, K. and Riordan, B. and Koskela, R. and Downing, J. and Grabner, S. and Melendez, E. and Walsh, J.M. and Kortz, M. and Conners, J. and Yarmey, L. and Kaplan, N. and Boose, E.R. and Powell, L. and Gries, C. and Schroeder, R. and Ackerman, T. and Ramsey, K. and Benson, B. and Chipman, J. and Laundre, J. and Garritt, H. and Henshaw, D. and Collins, B. and Gardner, C. and Bohm, S. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, M. and Gao, J. and Sheldon, W. and Lyon, S. and Bahauddin, D. and Servilla, M. and Costa, D. and Brunt, J.}
}
@article {PIE205,
	title = {Modeling denitrification in aquatic sediments},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {159-178},
	keywords = {denitrification, diagenetic model, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, sediment},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9270-z},
	author = {Fennel, K. and Brady, D. and DiToro, D. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Gardner, W.S. and Giblin, A. and McCarthy, M.J. and Rao, A. and Seitzinger, S. and Thouvenot-Korppoo, M. and Tobias, C.}
}
@article {PIE182,
	title = {The regional and global significance of reactive N removal in lakes and reservoirs},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {147-158},
	keywords = {denitrification, global limnology, inorganic nutrients, lakes, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen removal, resevoirs},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x},
	author = {Harrison, J. and Maranger, R. and Alexander, R.B. and Cornwell, J. and Giblin, A. and Jacinthe, P. and Mayorga, E. and Seitzinger, S. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE226,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal between surface and hyporheic transient storage compartments.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {disturbance, hyporheic, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, rivers},
	author = {Stewart, R.}
}
@article {PIE219,
	title = {What is {\textquoteright}fallback{\textquoteright}: metrics needed to assess telemetry tag effects on anadromous fish behaviour},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {237 - 249},
	keywords = {alosine, behavior, LTER-PIE, movement, population dynamics, tag effect},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-009-9917-3},
	author = {Frank, H. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@article {PIE197,
	title = {Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {95-100},
	keywords = {ecosystem metabolism, estuaries, fluvial networks, heterotrophy, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, rivers},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo101},
	author = {Battin, T.J. and Kaplan, L. and Findlay, S. and Hopkinson, C. and Marti, E. and Packman, A. and Newbold, J.D. and Sabater, F.}
}
@article {PIE198,
	title = {Consequences of climate change on the ecogeomorphology of coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {477-491},
	keywords = {climate change, coastal wetlands, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-008-9047-6},
	author = {Day, J.W. and Christian, R.R. and Boesch, D.M. and Yanez-Arancibia, A. and Morris, J.T. and Twilley, R.R. and Naylor, L. and Schaffner, L. and Stevenson, C.}
}
@article {PIE189,
	title = {Defining Linkages between the GSC and NSF{\textquoteright}s LTER Program: How the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) Relates to GCDML and Other Outcomes},
	journal = {Omics},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {151-156},
	keywords = {Genomic Standards Consortium, genomics, LTER-IMC, LTER-PIE, metadata, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1089/omi.2008.0015},
	author = {San Gil, I. and Sheldon, W. and Schmidt, T. and Servilaa, M. and Aguilar, R. and Gries, C. and Gray, T. and Field, D. and Cole, J. and Yun Pan, J. and Palanisamy, G. and Henshaw, D. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, M. and Kinkel, L. and McMahon, K. and Kottman, R. and Amaral-Zettler, L. and Hobbie, J. and Goldstein, P. and Guralnick, R.P. and Brunt, J. and Michener, W.K.}
}
@article {PIE180,
	title = {Global N removal by freshwater aquatic systems A spatially distributed, within-basin approach},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GB002963},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Bouwman, A.F. and Green, P.A. and Harrison, J. and Linder, E. and Peterson, B.J. and Green, P.A. and Seitzinger, S. and Syvitski, J.P.M.}
}
@article {PIE190,
	title = {Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {202-206},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen isotopes, stream network},
	doi = {10.1038/nature06686},
	author = {Mulholland, P. J. and Helton, A. M. and Poole, G.C. and Hall, Jr., R.O. and Hamilton, S. K. and Peterson, B. J. and Tank, J.L. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L. W. and Dahm, C. N. and Dodds, W. K. and Findlay, S. E. G. and Gregory, S. V. and Grimm, N.B. and Johnson, S. L. and McDowell, W.H. and Meyer, J. L. and Valett, H. M. and Webster, J. R. and Arango, C. P. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Bernot, M. J. and Burgin, A. J. and Crenshaw, C. L. and Johnson, L.T. and Niederlehner, B. R. and OﾒBrien, J. M. and Potter, J. D. and Sheibley, R.W. and Sobota, D. J. and Thomas, S. M.}
}
@article {PIE166,
	title = {Functionally distinct communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria along an estuarine salinity gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1439-1447},
	keywords = {ammonia, bacteria, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salinity gradient},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01260.x},
	author = {Bernhard, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE236,
	title = {Susceptibility of salt marshes to nutrient enrichment and predator removal},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {S-42-S63},
	keywords = {bottom-up, disturbance, eutrophication, Fundulus heteroclitus, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, multiple stressors, nutrient loading, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, species change, top-down control},
	doi = {10.1890/06-0452.1},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Bowen, J.L. and Drake, D.C. and Fleeger, J.W. and Friedrichs, C.T. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Hobbie, J.E. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, D.S. and Johnson, J.M. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Peterson, B.J. and Picard, C. and Sheldon, S. and Sutherland, M. and Vallino, J. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE165,
	title = {Relationship between river size and nutrient removal.},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {hydrology, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient removal},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GL025845},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Peterson, B.J. and Seitzinger, S.P. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@inbook {PIE153,
	title = {Analysis of size and complexity of randomly constructed food webs by information theoretic metrics.},
	booktitle = {Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {73-85},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, modeling},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Christian, R.R. and Ulanowicz, R.E.},
	editor = {A. Belgrano and U. M. Scharler and J. Dunne and R. E. Ulanowicz}
}
@article {PIE145,
	title = {Genotypic diversity within a natural coastal bacterioplankton population.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {307},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {1311-1313},
	keywords = {bacterioplankton, genome, LTER-PIE, Vibrio},
	doi = {0.1126/science.1106028},
	author = {Thompson, J.R. and Pacocha, S. and Pharino, C. and Klepac-Ceraj, V. and Hunt, D.E. and Benoit, J. and Sarma-Rupavtarm, R. and Distel, D.L. and Polz, M.F.}
}
@article {PIE164,
	title = {The HERO REU Experience: Undergraduate Research on Vulnerability to Climate Change in Local Places.},
	journal = {Geographical Bulletin},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {65-72},
	keywords = {GIS, HERO, Ipswich, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Sorrensen, C. and Polsky, C. and Neff, R.}
}
@article {PIE152,
	title = {Integrating LIDAR, multispectral imagery and neural network modeling techniques for marsh classification.},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {5221-5234},
	keywords = {disturbance, elevation, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, marsh classification, neural network modeling, population dynamics, primary production, sea level},
	doi = {10.1080/01431160500219018},
	author = {Morris, J. T. and Porter, D. and Neet, M. and Noble, P.A. and Schmidt, L. and Lapine, L.A. and Jensen, J.}
}
@article {PIE148,
	title = {Loss of Diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Correlates with Increasing Salinity in an Estuary System.},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1289-1297},
	keywords = {ammonia, bacteria, diversity, estuary, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00808.x},
	author = {Bernhard, A. and Donn, T.M. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE147,
	title = {Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a New England salt marsh.},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1175-1185},
	keywords = {bacteria, LTER-PIE, molecular, salt marsh, sulfate},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00796.x},
	author = {Bahr, M. and Crump, B.C. and Klepac-Ceraj, V. and Teske, A.P. and Sogin, M.L. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@article {PIE134,
	title = {Comparison of fish assemblages in tidal salt marsh creeks and in adjoining mudflat areas in the Tejo estuary.},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {213-224},
	keywords = {estuary, fish community, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Salgado, J. and Costa, M-J. and Cabral, H. and Deegan, L.}
}
@proceedings {PIE136,
	title = {The effects of long term nutrient addition on a salt marsh community.},
	journal = {New England Estuarine Research Society (NEERS), March 7-9, 2004},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	address = {Burlington, Vermont},
	keywords = {community, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, outfall, salt marsh},
	author = {Sheldon, S.P. and Twichell, S. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@inbook {PIE124,
	title = {Estuarine respiration: an overview of benthic, pelagic, and whole system respiration },
	booktitle = {Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {122-146},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {New York, NY},
	keywords = {benthic respiration, estuaries, LTER-PIE, organic matter, pelagic respiration, respiration rate, whole system respiration},
	isbn = { 9780198527084},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527084.003.0008},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. and Smith, E.},
	editor = {delGiorgio, P.A. and Williams, P.J.leB.}
}
@article {PIE129,
	title = {Flow Cytometry-Assisted Cloning of Specific Sequence Motifs from Complex 16S rRNA Gene Libraries},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {7550-7554},
	keywords = {bacteria, flow cytometry, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.12.7550-7554.2004},
	author = {Nielsen, J.L. and Schramm, A. and Bernhard, A.E. and van den EnghG.J. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE121,
	title = {Microbial biogeography along an estuarine salinity gradient: the combined influences of bacterial growth and residence time.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1494-1505},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacteria, biogeography, disturbance, estuary, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.3.1494-1505.2004},
	author = {Crump, B.C. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Sogin, M.L. and Hobbie, J.H.}
}
@article {PIE135,
	title = {Nekton use of salt marsh creeks in the upper Tejo Estuary.},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {27},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {818-825},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, nekton, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02912043},
	author = {Salgado, J. and Costa, M-J. and Cabral, H. and Deegan, L.}
}
@article {PIE96,
	title = {Direct profiling of environmental microbial populations by thermal dissociation analysis of native ribosomal RNAs hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays.},
	journal = {Applied Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {2377-2382},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, microbes, population, RNA},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.4.2377-2382.2003},
	author = {El Fantroussi, S. and Urakawa, H. and Bernhard, A.E. and Kelly, J.J. and Noble, P.A. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE92,
	title = {Growth of a salt marsh invertebrate on several species of marsh grass detritus.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2003},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {238-239},
	keywords = {detritus, invertebrate, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2307/1543273},
	author = {Agnew, A.M. and Shull, D.H. and Buchsbaum, R.N.}
}
@article {PIE111,
	title = {Phosphorus Limitation of Coastal Ecosystem Processes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {299},
	number = {563-565},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nutrient limitation, phosphorus, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1079100},
	author = {Sundareshwar, P.V. and Morris, J.T. and Koepfler, E.K. and Fornwalt, B.}
}
@article {PIE101,
	title = {Scientific accomplishments of the Long Term Ecological Research program: an introduction},
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {17-20},
	keywords = {long-term ecological research, LTER accomplishments, LTER description, LTER history, LTER network, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0017:SAOTLT]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Hobbie, J.E. and Carpenter, S.R. and Grimm, N.B. and Gosz, J.R. and Seastedt, T.R.}
}
@article {PIE107,
	title = {Tracing the flow of organic matter from primary producers to filter feeders in Ria Formosa Lagoon, Southern Portugal},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4A},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {846-856},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02803343},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE100,
	title = {The United States Long Term Ecological Research program.},
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {21-32},
	keywords = {long-term ecological research, LTER accomplishments, LTER description, LTER history, LTER network, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0021:TULTER]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Hobbie, J. and Carpenter, S. and Grimm, N. and Gosz, J. and Seastedt, T.}
}
@article {PIE84,
	title = {Effects of haying on salt marsh surface invertebrates},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {250-251},
	keywords = {invertebrates, LTER-PIE, salt marsh hay},
	doi = {10.2307/1543424},
	author = {Ludlam, J.P. and Shull, D.H. and Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@article {PIE87,
	title = {Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {2869-2877},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, LTER-PIE, model, optimal elevation, organic matter, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment accretion, sedimentation, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Morris, J. and Sundareshwar, P.V. and Nietch, C.T. and Kjerfve, B and Cahoon, D.R.}
}
@article {PIE63,
	title = {Land-use change model validation by a ROC method for the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {85},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {239-248},
	keywords = {GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE, model validation},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00187-6},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Schneider, L.}
}
@article {PIE68,
	title = {Modeling land-use change in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {85},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {83-94},
	keywords = {computer modeling, GIS Kappa, Land-use change, LTER-PIE, Massachusetts, model, ROC, Validation, watershed},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00189-X},
	author = {Schneider, L. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE69,
	title = {Occurrence and Ecological Implications of Pyrophosphate in Estuaries},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1570-1577},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, pyrophosphate, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1570},
	author = {Sundareshwar, P.V. and Morris, J.T. and Pellechia, P.J. and Cohen, H.J. and Porter, D.E. and Jones, B.C.}
}
@book {PIE36,
	title = {Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and reducing the effects of nutrient pollution.},
	series = {Ocean Studies Board and Water Science and Technology Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
	organization = {National Academy of Sciences},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuary, eutrophication, LTER-PIE, marine, nutrient},
	author = {Howarth, R. W. and Anderson, D. and Church, T. and Greening, H. and Hopkinson, C. and Huber, W. and Marcus, N. and Naiman, R. and Segerson, K. and Sharpley, A. and Wiseman, W.},
	editor = {Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication}
}
@inbook {PIE50,
	title = {Habitat-biotic interactions},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {427-460},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Simenstad, C. and Brandt, S. and Chalmers, A. and Dame, R. and Deegan, L. and Hodson, R. and Houde, E.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@inbook {PIE40,
	title = {Linking biogeochemical processes to higher trophic levels},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science, A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {299-246},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {biogeochemical cycles, food web, LTER-PIE, trophic},
	author = {Kremer, J. and Kemp, W. and Giblin, A. and Valiela, I. and Seitzinger, S. and Hoffman, E.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@techreport {PIE26,
	title = {Marine and Estuarine Ecosystem and Habitat Classification},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	institution = {US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National marine Fisheries Service},
	keywords = {classification, ecosystem, estuary, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	isbn = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-FSPO-43},
	author = {Allee, R.J. and Dethier, M. and Brown, D. and Deegan, L. and Ford, R.G. and Hourigan, T.F. and Maragos, J. and Schoch, C. and Sealey, K. and Twilley, R. and Weinstein, M.P. and Yoklavich, M.}
}
@article {PIE37,
	title = {Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays and seas},
	journal = {Issues in Ecology},
	number = {7},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1-15},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nutrient pollution},
	author = {Howarth, R.W. and Anderson, D. and Cloern, J. and Elfring, C. and Hopkinson, C. and Lapointe, B. and Malone, T. and Marcus, N. and McGlathery, K. and Sharpley, A. and Walker, D.}
}
@inbook {PIE46,
	title = {Scenarios of land-use change and nitrogen release in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling: Problems, prospects, and Needs for Research},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	organization = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	keywords = {land use change, LTER-PIE, nitrogen},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Marzouk, A. and Rastetter, E.B. and Schneider, L.C. and Vallino, J.},
	editor = {B. O. Parks and K. M. Clarke and M. P. Crane}
}
@article {PIE19,
	title = {Sources of organic matter in Ria Formosa revealed by stable isotope analysis},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {463-469},
	keywords = {carbon, estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00122-8},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R.}
}
@inbook {PIE10,
	title = {Drainage basins, river systems, and anthropogenic change: the Chinese example},
	booktitle = {Asian Change in the Context of Global CHange: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Changes in Asia on Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {210-244},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	keywords = {anthropogenic, LTER-PIE, model, river},
	author = {Vorosmarty, C. J. and Li, C. and Sun, J. and Dai, Z.},
	editor = {J. Galloway and J. Melillo}
}
@article {PIE3,
	title = {Measuring 15N-NH4 in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters: an adaptation of the ammonium diffusion method for samples with low ammonium concentrations.},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {235-243},
	keywords = {ammonium, analytical methods, diffusion, estuarine, fresh water, inorganic nutrients, N-15, PIE LMER, sea water},
	doi = {10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00099-6},
	author = {Holmes, R.M. and McClelland, J. and Sigman, D.M. and Fry, B. and Peterson, B.J.}
}
@article {PIE8,
	title = {Population size and site fidelity of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> in a macrotidal saltmarsh creek},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {195},
	year = {1998},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {238-239},
	keywords = {fish population, Fundulus, LTER-PIE, mummichog, population dynamics, saltmarsh creek, site fidelity},
	doi = {10.2307/1542858},
	author = {Sweeney, J. and Deegan, L. and Garritt, R.}
}
@article {PIE7,
	title = {A preliminary evaluation of sedimentation rates and species distribution in Plum Island estuary, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {195},
	year = {1998},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {232-233},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.2307/1542855},
	author = {Schmitt, C. and Weston, N.B. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@article {PIE4,
	title = {Terrestrial inputs of organic matter to coastal ecosystems: An intercomparison of chemical characteristics and bioavailability},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum LMER Data},
	pages = {211-234},
	keywords = {elemental composition, lability, organic carbon, organic matter, organic nitrogen, PIE LMER, rivers},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1006016030299},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Buffam, I. and Hobbie, J. and Vallino, J. and Perdue, M. and Eversmeyer, B. and Prahl, F. and Covert, J. and Hodson, R. and Moran, M.A. and Smith, E. and Baross, J. and Crump, B. and Findlay, S. and Foreman, K.}
}
