@conference {8841,
	title = {FEEDING SALT MARSHES WITH COASTAL STORMS},
	booktitle = {Coastal Sediments 2023Coastal Sediments 2023},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
	organization = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
	address = {New Orleans, LA, USA},
	isbn = {978-981-12-7989-8},
	doi = {10.1142/1335810.1142/9789811275135_0228},
	url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/13358},
	author = {Wang, Ping and Royer, Elizabeth and Rosati, Julie D and Fagherazzi, Sergio and CORTESE, LUCA}
}
@article {8776,
	title = {Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {501815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-01-2024},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL100191},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL100191},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Frederiks, Ryan and Hingst, Mary and Carr, Joel and Kirwan, Matt and Gedan, Keryn and Michael, Holly and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8838,
	title = {Image-based machine learning for monitoring the dynamics of deltaic islands in the Atchafalaya River Delta Complex between 1991 and 2019},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {623},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-08-2023},
	pages = {129814},
	issn = {00221694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129814},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169423007564},
	author = {Yang, Jiangjie and Dai, Zhijun and Lou, Yaying and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8835,
	title = {Large-scale sedimentary shift induced by a mega-dam in deltaic flats},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {11-29-2023},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.13168},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.13168},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Lou, Yaying and Mei, Xuefei and Ma, Binbin}
}
@article {rand_parasite_2023,
	title = {Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode-amphipod system},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {5028{\textendash}5041},
	abstract = {Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host{\textendash}parasite coevolution. The trematode (Levinseniella byrdi) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host (Orchestia grillus) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.},
	keywords = {amphipod, differential expression, ecological genomics, host{\textendash}parasite co-evolution, infection response, Orchestia grillus, parasite manipulation, population genetics, trematode},
	issn = {1365-294X},
	doi = {10.1111/mec.17093},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.17093},
	author = {Rand, David M. and Nunez, Joaquin C. B. and Williams, Shawn and Rong, Stephen and Burley, John T. and Neil, Kimberly B. and Spierer, Adam N. and McKerrow, Wilson and Johnson, David S. and Raynes, Yevgeniy and Fayton, Thomas J. and Skvir, Nicholas and Ferranti, David A. and Zeff, Maya Greenhill and Lyons, Amanda and Okami, Naima and Morgan, David M. and Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna and Brown, Bianca R. P. and Giblin, Anne E. and Cardon, Zoe G.}
}
@article {8777,
	title = {Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-02-2025},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL101392},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL101392},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Passalacqua, Paola and Wright, Kyle and Salter, Gerard and Lamb, Michael P. and Jensen, Daniel and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8809,
	title = {Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after ice-rafting},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {710},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-05-2023},
	pages = {57 - 70},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps14294},
	url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v710/p57-70/https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2023/710/m710p057.pdfhttps://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2023/710/m710p057.pdf},
	author = {Nordio, G and Fagherazzi, S}
}
@article {8844,
	title = {Salt marsh nitrogen cycling: where land meets sea},
	journal = {Trends in Microbiology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-10-2023},
	issn = {0966842X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2023.09.010},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966842X23002706},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Bernhard, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Giblin, Anne E.}
}
@article {8836,
	title = {Sediment Exchange Across Coastal Barrier Landscapes Alters Ecosystem Extents},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {5017},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-17-2023},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2023GL103680},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL103680},
	author = {Reeves, I. R. B. and Moore, L. J. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S. and Kirwan, M. L.}
}
@article {gourgue_biogeomorphic_2022,
	title = {Biogeomorphic modeling to assess the resilience of tidal-marsh restoration to sea level rise and sediment supply},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {531{\textendash}553},
	abstract = {There is an increasing demand for the creation and restoration of tidal marshes around the world, as they provide highly valued ecosystem services. Yet restored tidal marshes are strongly vulnerable to factors such as sea level rise and declining sediment supply. How fast the restored ecosystem develops, how resilient it is to sea level rise, and how this can be steered by restoration design are key questions that are typically challenging to assess due to the complex biogeomorphic feedback processes involved. In this paper, we apply a biogeomorphic model to a specific tidal-marsh restoration project planned by dike breaching. Our modeling approach integrates tidal hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics, accounting for relevant fine-scale flow{\textendash}vegetation interactions (less than 1 m2) and their impact on vegetation and landform development at the landscape scale (several km2) and in the long term (several decades). Our model performance is positively evaluated against observations of vegetation and geomorphic development in adjacent tidal marshes. Model scenarios demonstrate that the restored tidal marsh can keep pace with realistic rates of sea level rise and that its resilience is more sensitive to the availability of suspended sediments than to the rate of sea level rise. We further demonstrate that restoration design options can steer marsh resilience, as they affect the rates and spatial patterns of biogeomorphic development. By varying the width of two dike breaches, which serve as tidal inlets to the restored marsh, we show that a larger difference in the width of the two inlets leads to higher biogeomorphic diversity in restored habitats. This study showcases that biogeomorphic modeling can support management choices in restoration design to optimize tidal-marsh development towards sustainable restoration goals.},
	issn = {2196-6311},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-10-531-2022},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/10/531/2022/},
	author = {Gourgue, Olivier and van Belzen, Jim and Schwarz, Christian and Vandenbruwaene, Wouter and Vanlede, Joris and Belliard, Jean-Philippe and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and van de Koppel, Johan and Temmerman, Stijn}
}
@article {liu_biotic_2022,
	title = {Biotic and abiotic factors control the geomorphic characteristics of channel networks in salt marshes},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {89{\textendash}101},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11977},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11977},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Gourgue, Olivier and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi_ecogeomorphology_2022,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445 {\textendash} 462},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Belowground biomass Ecogeomorphology Halophyte vegetation Nutrient enrichment Root scalping Salt marsh Sea level rise Tidal channels Tides and wind waves},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00194-2},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345001942?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T. J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Lesser, J.S. and Nelson, J.A.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@article {cortese_fetch_2022,
	title = {Fetch and distance from the bay control accretion and erosion patterns in Terrebonne marshes (Louisiana, USA)},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1455{\textendash}1465},
	abstract = {Wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta are rapidly degrading. Sea level rise and low sediment supply are widely recognized as the two main factors contributing to land-to-water conversion. To determine what marsh areas are more resilient, it is fundamental to identify the drivers that regulate marsh accretion and degradation. In this study, a combination of field data and aerial images is used to determine these drivers in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana, USA. We find that accretion and degradation patterns depend on whether the marsh is located inland in a sheltered area or facing open water. In the first case, the distance to the nearby channel is important, because during flooding of the marsh platform more sediment is deposited in the proximity of channel banks. The accretion rates of marshes facing open water are high and correlate to fetch, a proxy for the ability of waves to resuspend bottom sediment. These areas are more resilient to sea level rise, but waves are also the main mechanism of degradation, as these marshes tend to degrade by edge erosion. Consequently, we propose a bimodal evolution trajectory of the marshes in Terrebonne Bay: marshes close to the bay and facing open water accrete rapidly but are affected by lateral erosion due to waves, whereas sheltered marshes accrete slowly and degrade in large swathes due to insufficient sediment supply.},
	keywords = {CRMS, marsh accretion, marsh erosion, Mississippi River Delta Plain, waves},
	issn = {1096-9837},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.5327},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.5327},
	author = {CORTESE, LUCA and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wang_hydro-morphodynamics_2022,
	title = {Hydro-morphodynamics triggered by extreme riverine floods in a mega fluvial-tidal delta},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {809},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {152076},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152076},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721071527},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Liu, Xiaoqiang}
}
@article {zhang_improving_2022,
	title = {Improving Channel Hydrological Connectivity in Coastal Hydrodynamic Models With Remotely Sensed Channel Networks},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JF006294},
	abstract = {Coastal wetlands are nourished by rivers and periodical tidal flows through complex, interconnected channels. However, in hydrodynamic models, channel dimensions with respect to model grid size and uncertainties in topography preclude the correct propagation of tidal and riverine signals. It is therefore crucial to enhance channel geomorphic connectivity and simplify sub-channel features based on remotely sensed networks for practical computational applications. Here, we utilize channel networks derived from diverse remote sensing imagery as a baseline to build a \~{}10 m resolution hydrodynamic model that covers the Wax Lake Delta and adjacent wetlands (\~{}360 km2) in coastal Louisiana, USA. In this richly gauged system, intensive calibrations are conducted with 18 synchronous field-observations of water levels taken in 2016, and discharge data taken in 2021. We modify channel geometry, targeting realism in channel connectivity. The results show that a minimum channel depth of 2 m and a width of four grid elements (approximatively 40 m) are required to enable a realistic tidal propagation in wetland channels. The optimal depth for tidal propagation can be determined by a simplified cost function method that evaluates the competition between flow travel time and alteration of the volume of the channels. The integration of high spatial-resolution models and remote sensing imagery provides a general framework to improve models performance in salt marshes, mangroves, deltaic wetlands, and tidal flats.},
	keywords = {channel geometry, coastal numerical model, cost function, flow propagation, model performance, remote-sensed channel network},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JF006294},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JF006294},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Wright, Kyle and Passalacqua, Paola and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {liu_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term variations in water discharge and sediment load of the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {The water discharge and sediment load have been increasingly altered by climate change and human activities in recent decades. For the Pearl River, however, long-term variations in the sediment regime, especially in the last decade, remain poorly known. Here we updated knowledge of the temporal trends in the sediment regime of the Pearl River at annual, seasonal and monthly time scales from the 1950s to 2020. Results show that the annual sediment load and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) exhibited drastically decreased, regardless of water discharge. Compared with previous studies, we also found that sediment load and SSC reached a conspicuous peak in the 1980s, and showed a significant decline starting in the 2000s and 1990s, respectively. In the last decade, however, water discharge and sediment load showed slightly increasing trends. At the seasonal scale, the wet-season water discharge displays a decreasing trend, while the dry-season water discharge is increasing. At the monthly scale, the flood seasons in the North and East Rivers typically occur one month earlier than that in the West River due to the different precipitation regimes. Precipitation was responsible for the long-term change of discharge, while human activities (e.g. dam construction and land use change) exerted different effects on the variations in sediment load among different periods. Changes in the sediment regime have exerted substantial influences on downstream channel morphology and saltwater intrusion in the Greater Bay Area. Our study proposes a watershed-based solution, and provides scientific guidelines for the sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.983517},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Liu, Xinhui and Shao, Dongdong and Miao, Chiyuan and Cai, Yanzi and Hou, Congyu and Liu, Yeling and Li, Xia and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {xu_modeling_2022,
	title = {Modeling the Dynamics of Salt Marsh Development in Coastal Land Reclamation},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021GL095559},
	abstract = {The valuable ecosystem services of salt marshes are spurring marsh restoration projects around the world. However, it is difficult to determine the final vegetated area based on physical drivers. Herein, we use a 3D fully coupled vegetation-hydrodynamic-morphological modeling system to simulate the final vegetation cover and the timescale to reach it under various forcing conditions. Marsh development in our simulations can be divided in three distinctive phases: A preparation phase characterized by sediment accumulation in the absence of vegetation, an encroachment phase in which the vegetated area grows, and an adjustment phase in which the vegetated area remains relatively constant while marsh accretes vertically to compensate for sea level rise. Sediment concentration, settling velocity, sea level rise, and tidal range each comparably affect equilibrium coverage and timescale in different ways. Our simulations show that the Unvegetated-Vegetated Ratio also relates to sediment budget in marsh development under most conditions.},
	keywords = {COAWST, expectance of marsh coverage, land reclamation, marsh restoration, phases of marsh development, vegetation dynamics},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GL095559},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL095559},
	author = {Xu, Yiyang and Kalra, Tarandeep S. and Ganju, Neil K. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi__modelling_2022,
	title = {Modelling Tidal Environments},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {62{\textendash}82},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Estuary Inlet Morphodynamics Numerical model Salt marsh Sediment transport Tidal channel Tidal flat Tidal landforms Tides},
	isbn = {9780128182352},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00097-3},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345000973?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N. and Carniello, L. and Canestrelli, A. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Nardin, W.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@article {wang_novel_2022,
	title = {A novel approach to discriminate sedimentary characteristics of deltaic tidal flats with terrestrial laser scanner: Results from a case study},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1626{\textendash}1648},
	abstract = {Sediments in deltaic tidal flats regulate physical and chemical processes. Grain-size distribution plays an important role in determining sediment dynamics and substrate properties. However, it is challenging to quantify large-scale depositional environments in intertidal flats, due to time-consuming grain-size analyses and sparse sedimentary information extracted from scattered sediment samples. In this study, a novel terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) based method was developed to characterize the substrate of an intertidal flat. Surface sediment samples in the Nanhui flats in the Yangtze Delta, China, and the corresponding waveform amplitudes of TLS echoes at fixed sampling sites were collected for a total of 22 months. A negative logarithmic relationship was found between the sediment sand fraction, average grain size, D50, and corrected waveform amplitude of TLS echo in different hydro-meteorological conditions. The mean of average grain size of five sediment sampling sites along a transect was 58.78 μm when measured by traditional grain-size analysis, and 49.48 μm when calculated with the proposed logarithmic equation. The mean error at each site was up to 21.77\%. The mean error for the sand and silt fraction at each location was as high as 27.28\% and 21.75\%, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of TLS-based average grain size in the entire study area was consistent with the measured pattern with a Root Mean Square Error of 13.83 μm. These errors could be caused by the accuracy of the TLS waveform amplitude correction and by limits of the method in recognizing different substrates. The effects produced by the presence of microphytobenthos (for example, cyanobacterial mats or diatom biofilms) or bedforms have not been investigated and may have affected the results. The TLS-based grain-size measurements can rapidly and effectively discriminate sediment characteristics, thus avoiding traditional time-consuming measurements. It is expected that the TLS-based method proposed here will have wide applications in shoreline studies, especially in inaccessible tidal flats.},
	keywords = {Grain-size distribution, inversion, sediments, terrestrial laser scanner, tidal flats},
	issn = {1365-3091},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12970},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sed.12970},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Long, Chuqi}
}
@article {stopak_quantifying_2022,
	title = {Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {5499},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are vulnerable to sea-level rise, sediment deficits, and storm impacts. To remain vertically resilient, salt marshes must accrete sediment at rates greater or equal to sea-level rise. Ice-rafted debris (IRD), sediment that has been moved and deposited from ice sheets, is one of many processes that contribute to salt marsh sediment accretion in northern latitudes. On 4 January 2018, a winter storm caused major ice mobilization in the Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, USA, which led to large deposits of ice-rafted sediment. We aimed to quantify the volume and mass of deposited sediment, and evaluate the significance of IRD to sediment supply in Plum Island using pixel-based land-cover classification of aerial imagery collected by an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and a Digital Elevation Model. Field measurements of patch thickness, and the area of IRD determined from the classification were used to estimate annual sediment accretion from IRD. Results show that IRD deposits are localized in three areas, and estimates show that IRD contributes an annual sediment accretion rate of 0.57 {\textpm} 0.14 mm/y to the study site. New England salt marsh accretion rates typically vary between 2{\textendash}10 mm/y, and the average PIE sediment accretion rate is 2.5{\textendash}2.7 mm/y. Therefore, this event contributed on average 20\% of the annual volume of material accreted by salt marshes, although locally the deposit thickness was 8{\textendash}14 times the annual accretion rate. We show that pixel-based classification can be a useful tool for identifying sediment deposits from remote sensing. Additionally, we suggest that IRD has the potential to bring a significant supply of sediment to salt marshes in northern latitudes and contribute to sediment accretion. As remotely sensed aerial imagery from UASs becomes more readily available, this method can be used to efficiently identify and quantify deposited sediment.},
	keywords = {pixel-based classification, salt marshes, sediment transport, storms},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs14215499},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5499},
	author = {Stopak, Sarah and Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_salinity_2022,
	title = {Salinity increases with water table elevation at the boundary between salt marsh and forest},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {608},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {127576},
	abstract = {The migration of salt marshes into forests along coastal regions is nowadays well documented. Sea level rise and storms threaten coastal forests by increasing groundwater levels and salinity. Salinization is the main cause of forest conversion to salt marsh in North America. In this paper we study groundwater levels and salinity in two wells installed at the border between forest and salt marsh in the lower Delmarva peninsula, USA. The upper well is located in the regenerative forest, where recruitment is still possible, while the lower well is located in the persistent forest, where only mature trees survive. Groundwater in the upper well is fresh at the root depth, while in the lower well the mean salinity is 8 ppt. Our data suggest that rainfall has an instantaneous effect on salinity and groundwater levels, but it does not affect salinity and groundwater levels on longer periods (weeks to months). Groundwater levels and salinity reflect the hydraulic gradient toward the marsh (a proxy for outgoing water fluxes), the uphill hydraulic gradient (a proxy for incoming water fluxes) and temperature (a proxy for evapotranspiration). Salinity increases when groundwater levels are high. To explain this result, we put forward the hypothesis that a high water table favors the flux of surficial, fresh water to the marsh, and loss of freshwater by evapotranspiration. These losses are likely replenished by saltier water moving at depth.},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127576},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422001512},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_storm_2022,
	title = {Storm Surge and Tidal Dissipation in Deltaic Wetlands Bordering a Main Channel},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JC017655},
	abstract = {Deltas are complex systems where tidal and riverine signals interact with each other. In river-dominated deltas, where river discharge is sufficiently high, tidal amplitude is attenuated and distorted. Here we use wavelet analysis to examine the water level signal in stations located in wetlands adjacent to the main river outlet in the Wax Lake system, part of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA. We study the signal attenuation in lateral wetlands at different frequency bands, following the propagation of the water level signal from the Gulf of Mexico to the innermost stations. During high river discharge, the astronomical tide measured inside the wetlands is reduced of 90\%{\textendash}98\% in comparison to the tide in Atchafalaya Bay. Storm surge events, largely occurring at lower temporal frequencies, propagate conserving their energy once the signal enters the delta mouth. The river discharge signal, mostly present at frequencies lower than 1.59 μHz, is felt depending on river discharge conditions and the station position within the wetlands. Our results suggest that lateral wetlands in the Wax Lake system act as a low pass filter, attenuating tidal components but not the low frequency components of storm surges.},
	keywords = {Energy attenuation, storm surge, Tide, Wavelet transform analysis, wetland},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC017655},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JC017655},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wollheim_superlinear_2022,
	title = {Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1230},
	abstract = {River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	author = {Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Robison, Andrew L. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Helton, Ashley M. and Song, Chao and Bowden, William B. and Finlay, Jacques C.}
}
@article {zhang_using_2022,
	title = {Using rapid repeat {SAR} interferometry to improve hydrodynamic models of flood propagation in coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {159},
	year = {2022},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {104088},
	issn = {03091708},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104088},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170821002402},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Jones, Cathleen E. and Oliver-Cabrera, Talib and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {lesser_cross-habitat_2021,
	title = {Cross-habitat access modifies the {\textquoteleft}trophic relay{\textquoteright} in {New} {England} saltmarsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Food Webs},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {e00206},
	issn = {23522496},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00206},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249621000197},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and Floyd, Olivia and Fedors, Katrina and Deegan, Linda A. and Johnson, David S. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {avolio_determinants_2021,
	title = {Determinants of community compositional change are equally affected by global change},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {24},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1892{\textendash}1904},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.13824},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13824},
	author = {Avolio, Meghan L. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Collins, Scott L. and Grman, Emily and Koerner, Sally E. and Tredennick, Andrew T. and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Baer, Sara and Boughton, Elizabeth H. and Britton, Andrea J. and Foster, Bryan and Gough, Laura and Hovenden, Mark and Isbell, Forest and Jentsch, Anke and Johnson, David S. and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Langley, J. Adam and Lortie, Christopher and McCulley, Rebecca L. and McLaren, Jennie R. and Reich, Peter B. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suding, Katharine N. and Suttle, K. Blake and Tognetti, Pedro M.},
	editor = {Anderson, Marti}
}
@article {8664,
	title = {Diel light cycles affect phytoplankton competition in the global ocean},
	journal = {BioRxiv},
	volume = {2021.05.19.444874},
	year = {2021},
	type = {preprint},
	keywords = {biogeography, competition, growth rates, light cycles, LTER-PIE, nutrients, phytoplankton},
	doi = {10.1101/2021.05.19.444874 },
	author = {Tsakalakis, I. and Follows, J. and Dutkiewicz, S. and Follett, C.L and Vallino, J.J.}
}
@inbook {morris_marsh_2021,
	title = {Marsh Equilibrium Theory: Implications for Responses to Rising Sea Level},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {157{\textendash}177},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {The analysis presented here was motivated by an objective of describing the interactions between the physical and biological processes governing the responses of tidal wetlands to rising sea level and the ensuing equilibrium elevation. We define equilibrium here as meaning that the elevation of the vegetated surface relative to mean sea level (MSL) remains within the vertical range of tolerance of the vegetation on decadal time scales or longer. The equilibrium is dynamic, and constantly responding to short-term changes in hydrodynamics, sediment supply, and primary productivity. For equilibrium to occur, the magnitude of vertical accretion must be great enough to compensate for change in the rate of sea-level rise (SLR). SLR is defined here as meaning the local rate relative to a benchmark, typically a gauge. Equilibrium is not a given, and SLR can exceed the capacity of a wetland to accrete vertically.},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.009},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/marsh-equilibrium-theory/DA7B5EFE9C8CE403EF2190CC60D968EF},
	author = {Morris, James T. and Cahoon, Donald R. and Callaway, John C. and Craft, Christopher and Neubauer, Scott C. and Weston, Nathaniel B.},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {liu_mismatch_2021,
	title = {Mismatch between watershed effects and local efforts constrains the success of coastal salt marsh vegetation restoration},
	journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
	volume = {292},
	year = {2021},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {126103},
	issn = {09596526},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126103},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652621003231},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Li, Jin and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {jin_river_2021,
	title = {River body extraction from sentinel-{2A}/{B} {MSI} images based on an adaptive multi-scale region growth method},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2021},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {112297},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2021.112297},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425721000158},
	author = {Jin, Song and Liu, Yongxue and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mi, Huan and Qiao, Gang and Xu, Wenxuan and Sun, Chao and Liu, Yongchao and Zhao, Bingxue and Fichot, C{\'e}dric G.}
}
@inbook {giblin_role_2021,
	title = {The Role of Marshes in Coastal Nutrient Dynamics and Loss},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {113{\textendash}154},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {Sixty-five years ago, Teal{\textquoteright}s (1962) study showed that salt marsh primary production was greater than community respiration. To explain this result, he suggested that marshes exported excess organic matter either directly as organic matter, or as organisms, to coastal waters. This concept, that marshes were {\textquotedblleft}outwelling{\textquotedblright} material to the adjacent estuary and coastal oceans, was soon expanded to nutrients as well. However, the actual importance of the marsh in supplying organic matter and nutrients to adjacent coastal systems has been controversial and reviews debating the importance of outwelling from marshes have regularly appeared over the decades (Nixon 1980, Childers et al. 2000, Odum 2000, Valiela et al. 2000, Boynton and Nixon 2013). It has also been argued that in some cases the coastal ocean can act as a source of nutrients to the marsh and estuary ({\textquotedblleft}inwelling{\textquotedblright}).},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.007},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/role-of-marshes-in-coastal-nutrient-dynamics-and-loss/37F846FC47337398702C4F08838F9245},
	author = {Giblin, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Hopkinson, Charles S.},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {liu_success_2021,
	title = {Success of coastal wetlands restoration is driven by sediment availability},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {44},
	abstract = {Abstract Shorelines and their ecosystems are endangered by sea-level rise. Nature-based coastal protection is becoming a global strategy to enhance coastal resilience through the cost-effective creation, restoration and sustainable use of coastal wetlands. However, the resilience to sea-level rise of coastal wetlands created under Nature-based Solution has been assessed largely on a regional scale. Here we assess, using a meta-analysis, the difference in accretion, elevation, and sediment deposition rates between natural and restored coastal wetlands across the world. Our results show that restored coastal wetlands can trap more sediment and that the effectiveness of these restoration projects is primarily driven by sediment availability, not by wetland elevation, tidal range, local rates of sea-level rise, and significant wave height. Our results suggest that Nature-based Solutions can mitigate coastal wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise, but are effective only in coastal locations where abundant sediment supply is available.},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-021-00117-7},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00117-7},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi_understanding_2021,
	title = {Understanding Marsh Dynamics: Modeling Approaches},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {278{\textendash}299},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {Salt marshes have received considerable scientific attention in recent years due to a combination of factors. Salt marshes host important ecosystems and store large quantities of carbon in their soils (Fagherazzi et al. 2004; Mudd et al. 2009). Currently salt marshes are endangered by accelerated sea-level rise triggered by global warming (Kirwan et al. 2010). A sharp reduction in sediment supply caused by the damming of rivers is also jeopardizing marsh survival along many coasts (Weston 2014). As a result, there is a need to determine the fate of marshlands in different settings in order to inform government and local communities and implement protection strategies. To this end, numerical models are playing an increasingly important role, because they can easily provide future scenarios of marsh conditions under different forcings. However, the evolution of salt marshes as a function of sea-level rise and sediment supply is relatively complex, because of feedbacks among hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation (Fagherazzi et al. 2012). As a result, marshes are continuously adjusting to a changing environment, in ways often difficult to predict. This intrinsic complexity has generated a flurry of numerical models, each emphasizing a different aspect of salt marsh evolution. It is thus becoming more and more accepted by the scientific community that a comprehensive model of salt marsh evolution is not feasible, given the number and variety of physical and biological processes at play. A detailed approach, based on the description of all possible processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales, has been slowly replaced by a more practical approach, in which separate models are built to address key important processes or to capture specific dynamics.},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.013},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/understanding-marsh-dynamics/A73B50F7C44E8E7029F450916ECDB72B},
	author = {Fagherazzi, Sergio and Kearney, William and Mariotti, Giulio and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Nardin, William},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {ganju_are_2020,
	title = {Are Elevation and Open-Water Conversion of Salt Marshes Connected?},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2019GL086703},
	abstract = {Salt marsh assessments focus on vertical metrics such as accretion or lateral metrics such as open-water conversion, without exploration of how the dimensions are related. We exploited a novel geospatial data set to explore how elevation is related to the unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR), a lateral metric, across individual marsh {\textquotedblleft}units{\textquotedblright} within four estuarine-marsh systems. We find that elevation scales consistently with the UVVR across systems, with lower elevation units demonstrating more open-water conversion and higher UVVRs. A normalized elevation-UVVR relationship converges across systems near the system-mean elevation and a UVVR of 0.1, a critical threshold identified by prior studies. This indicates that open-water conversion becomes a dominant lateral instability process at a relatively conservative elevation threshold. We then integrate the UVVR and elevation to yield lifespan estimates, which demonstrate that higher elevation marshes are more resilient to internal deterioration, with an order-of-magnitude longer lifespan than predicted for lower elevation marshes.},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL086703},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL086703},
	author = {Ganju, Neil K. and Defne, Zafer and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE493,
	title = {Are elevation and open-water conversion of salt marshes connected?},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {elevation, LTER-PIE, marsh stability, salt marsh, sea level rise},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL086703},
	author = {Ganju, N.K. and Defne, Z. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {liu_consumer_2020,
	title = {Consumer control and abiotic stresses constrain coastal saltmarsh restoration},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {111110},
	issn = {03014797},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111110},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479720310379},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Ma, Xu and Xie, Chengjie and Li, Jin and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {PIE487,
	title = {Determining the drivers of suspended sediment dynamics in tidal marsh-influenced estuaries using high-resolution ocean color remote sensing},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, remote-sensing reflectance, river discharge, salt marsh, sediment budget, suspended sediment concentration, tidal asymmetry},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.111682},
	author = {Zhang, X. and Fichot, C.G. and Baracco, C. and Guo, R. and Neugebauer, S. and Bengtsson, Z. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {zhang_divergence_2020,
	title = {Divergence of {Sediment} {Fluxes} {Triggered} by {Sea}-{Level} {Rise} {Will} {Reshape} {Coastal} {Bays}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {13},
	year = {2020},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087862},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL087862},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {zhang_divergence_2020,
	title = {Divergence of Sediment Fluxes Triggered by Sea-Level Rise Will Reshape Coastal Bays},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL087862},
	abstract = {Sediment budget and sediment availability are direct metrics for evaluating the resilience of coastal bays to sea-level rise (SLR). Here we use a high-resolution numerical model of a tidally dominated marsh-lagoon system to explore feedbacks between SLR and sediment dynamics. SLR augments tidal prism and inundation depth, facilitating sediment deposition on the marsh platform. At the same time, our results indicate that SLR enhances ebb-dominated currents and increases sediment resuspension, reducing the sediment-trapping capacity of tidal flats and bays and leading to a negative sediment budget for the entire system. This bimodal distribution of sediments budget trajectories will have a profound impact on the morphology of coastal bays, increasing the difference in elevation between salt marshes and tidal flats and potentially affecting intertidal ecosystems. Our results also clearly indicate that landforms lower with respect to the tidal frame are more affected by SLR than salt marshes.},
	keywords = {bed composition, numerical modeling, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment budget, tidal flats},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087862},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL087862},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {donatelli_dynamics_2020,
	title = {Dynamics of {Marsh}-{Derived} {Sediments} in {Lagoon}-{Type} {Estuaries}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	issn = {2169-9003, 2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JF005751},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JF005751},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Kalra, Tarandeep Singh and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta}
}
@article {donatelli_dynamics_2020,
	title = {Dynamics of Marsh-Derived Sediments in Lagoon-Type Estuaries},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020JF005751},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are valuable ecosystems that must trap sediments and accrete in order to counteract the deleterious effect of sea level rise. Previous studies have shown that the capacity of marshes to build up vertically depends on both autogenous and exogenous processes including ecogeomorphic feedbacks and sediment supply from in-land and coastal ocean. There have been numerous efforts to quantify the role played by the sediments coming from marsh edge erosion on the resistance of salt marshes to sea level rise. However, the majority of existing studies investigating the interplay between lateral and vertical dynamics use simplified modeling approaches, and they do not consider that marsh retreat can affect the regional-scale hydrodynamics and sediment retention in back-barrier basins. In this study, we evaluated the fate of the sediments originating from marsh lateral loss by using high-resolution numerical model simulations of Jamaica Bay, a small lagoonal estuary located in New York City. Our findings show that up to 42\% of the sediment released during marsh edge erosion deposits on the shallow areas of the basin and over the vegetated marsh platforms, contributing positively to the sediment budget of the remaining salt marshes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that with the present-day sediment supply from the ocean, the system cannot keep pace with sea level rise even accounting for the sediment liberated in the bay through marsh degradation. Our study highlights the relevance of multiple sediment sources for the maintenance of the marsh complex.},
	keywords = {Jamaica Bay, marsh erosion, sea level rise, sediment recycling},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JF005751},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JF005751},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Kalra, Tarandeep Singh and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta}
}
@article {liu_efficient_2020,
	title = {Efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought-induced die-off of salt marshes: {Implications} for coastal restoration and management},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {749},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {141493},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141493},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720350221},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and She, Xiaojun and Ma, Xu and Xie, Chengjie and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {sills_fisheries_2020,
	title = {Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {370},
	number = {6517},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {670{\textendash}671},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abe9332},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe9332},
	author = {Baker, Ronald and Taylor, Matthew D. and Able, Kenneth W. and Beck, Michael W. and Cebrian, Just and Colombano, Denise D. and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn and Deegan, Linda A. and Feller, Ilka C. and Gilby, Ben L. and Kimball, Matthew E. and Minello, Thomas J. and Rozas, Lawrence P. and Simenstad, Charles and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J. and Weinstein, Michael P. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and zu Ermgassen, Philine S.E. and Alcott, Caitlin and Alford, Scott B. and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Crosby, Sarah C. and Dodds, Kate and Frank, Alyssa and Goeke, Janelle and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Hardcastle, Felicity E. and Henderson, Christopher J. and James, W. Ryan and Kenworthy, Matthew D. and Lesser, Justin and Mallick, Debbrota and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Nelson, James A. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James W. and Ramsden, Sarah and Rehage, Jennifer S. and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A.M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W.},
	editor = {Sills, Jennifer}
}
@article {hautier_general_2020,
	title = {General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5375},
	abstract = {Abstract Eutrophication is a widespread environmental change that usually reduces the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity in local communities. Whether this effect is scale dependent remains to be elucidated. Here, we determine the relationship between plant diversity and temporal stability of productivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of chronic fertilization on these relationships. Unfertilized local communities with more plant species exhibit greater asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations, resulting in greater local stability (alpha stability). Moreover, neighborhood communities that have greater spatial variation in plant species composition within sites (higher beta diversity) have greater spatial asynchrony of productivity among communities, resulting in greater stability at the larger scale (gamma stability). Importantly, fertilization consistently weakens the contribution of plant diversity to both of these stabilizing mechanisms, thus diminishing the positive effect of biodiversity on stability at differing spatial scales. Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of plant diversity within and among ecological communities.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19252-4},
	author = {Hautier, Yann and Zhang, Pengfei and Loreau, Michel and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Hector, Andy and Adler, Peter B. and Alberti, Juan and Arnillas, Carlos A. and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brudvig, Lars A. and Bugalho, Miguel N. and Cadotte, Marc and Caldeira, Maria C. and Carroll, Oliver and Crawley, Mick and Collins, Scott L. and Daleo, Pedro and Dee, Laura E. and Eisenhauer, Nico and Eskelinen, Anu and Fay, Philip A. and Gilbert, Benjamin and Hansar, Amandine and Isbell, Forest and Knops, Johannes M. H. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Moore, Joslin L. and Morgan, John W. and Mori, Akira S. and Peri, Pablo L. and Pos, Edwin T. and Power, Sally A. and Price, Jodi N. and Reich, Peter B. and Risch, Anita C. and Roscher, Christiane and Sankaran, Mahesh and Sch{\"u}tz, Martin and Smith, Melinda and Stevens, Carly and Tognetti, Pedro M. and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, Glenda M. and Wilfahrt, Peter A. and Wang, Shaopeng}
}
@article {PIE492,
	title = {Improving predictions of salt marsh evolution through better integration of data and models.},
	journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {389-413},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, marsh accretion, marsh-edge erosion, morphodynamic modeling, sea level rise, sediment budget, storm surge},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010610},
	author = {Wiberg, P.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Kirwan, M.L.}
}
@article {zhang_morphology_2020,
	title = {On the morphology of radial sand ridges},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {45},
	number = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2613{\textendash}2630},
	issn = {0197-9337, 1096-9837},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.4917},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.4917},
	author = {Zhang, Weina and Zhang, Xiaohe and Huang, Huiming and Wang, Yigang and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE494,
	title = {A nonlinear relationship between marsh size and sediment trapping capacity compromises salt marshes{\textquoteright} stability.},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, marsh stability, salt marsh, sea level rise, sediment},
	doi = {10.1130/G47131.1},
	author = {Donatelli, C. and Zhang, X. and Ganju, N.K. and Aretxabaleta, A.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N.}
}
@article {fagherazzi_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt {Marsh} {Dynamics} in a {Period} of {Accelerated} {Sea} {Level} {Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	month = {aug},
	issn = {2169-9003, 2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JF005200},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JF005200},
	author = {Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mariotti, Giulio and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Canestrelli, Alberto and Nardin, William and Kearney, William S.}
}
@article {PIE488,
	title = {Tidal Wetland Gross Primary Production Across the Continental United States, 2000{\textendash}2019.},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {blue carbon, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, tidal wetlands},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GB006349},
	author = {Feagin, A. and Forbrich, I. and Huff, T.P. and Barr, J. G. and Ruiz-Plancarte, J. and Fuentes, J. D. and NaJJar, R. G. and Vargas, R. and V{\'a}zquez-Lule, A. and Windham-Myers. L. and Kroeger, K. D. and Ward, E. J. and Moore, G. W. and Leclerc, M. and Krauss, K. W. and Stagg, C. L. and Alber, M. and Knox, S. H. and Sch{\"a}fer, K.V.R. and Bianchi, T. S. and Hutchings, J. A. and Nahrawi, H. and Noormets, A. and Mitra, B. and Jaimes, A. and Hinson, A. L. and Bergamaschi, B. and King, J. S. and Miao, G.}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical {Cyclones} {Significantly} {Alleviate} {Mega}-{Deltaic} {Erosion} {Induced} by {High} {Riverine} {Flow}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {19},
	year = {2020},
	month = {oct},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical Cyclones Significantly Alleviate Mega-Deltaic Erosion Induced by High Riverine Flow},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL089065},
	abstract = {The drastic decline in sediment discharge experienced by large rivers in recent years might trigger erosion thus increasing the vulnerability of their extensive deltas. However, scarce information is available on the erosion patterns in mega-deltas and associated physical drivers. Here a series of bathymetries in the South Passage, Changjiang Delta, were analyzed to identify morphodynamic variations during high riverine flow and tropical cyclones (TCs). Results indicate that high river flow during flood season triggers large-scale net erosion along the inner estuary, generating elongated erosion-deposition patches. Erosion magnitude gradually weakens moving seaward with few localized bottom variations in the offshore area. TCs transport sediment landward and are accompanied by an overall weak erosion, with a less organized spatial pattern of erosion-deposition. TCs can therefore significantly alleviate erosion, reducing the sediment loss induced by riverine flows by over 50\%. These results highlight the role of TCs on the sediment dynamics of mega-deltas.},
	keywords = {Changjiang Delta, deltaic morphodynamics, high runoff, sediment budget of deltas, typhoon events},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE491,
	title = {Velocity skew controls the flushing of a tracer in a system of shallow bays with multiple inlets.},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {coastal bays, Delft3D, disturbance, Eulerian approach, flushing time, LTER-PIE, mass fraction decay, tracer transport},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2019.104008},
	author = {Palazzoli, I and Leonardi, N. and Jimenez-Robles, A.M. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE489,
	title = {Changes in hydrodynamics and wave energy as a result of seagrass decline along the shoreline of a microtidal back-barrier estuary.},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {183-192},
	keywords = {coastal resilience, COAWST, disturbance, ecosystems services, LTER-PIE, seagrass, tidal asymmetry},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.04.017},
	author = {Donatelli, C. and Ganju, N.K. and Kalra, T.S. and Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N.}
}
@article {PIE463,
	title = {Fate of cohesive sediments in a marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {32-40},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, numerical modelling, ponds expansion, salt marshes, sediment exchange, trapping capacity},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.003},
	author = {Zhang, X. and Leonardi, N. and Donatelli, C. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {zhang_fate_2019,
	title = {Fate of cohesive sediments in a marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {32{\textendash}40},
	issn = {03091708},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170818305566},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE472,
	title = {Fluid geochemistry, local hydrology, and metabolic activity define methanogen community size and composition in deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {ISME},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {flow path geometry, LTER-PIE, methanogens, microbial communities, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1038/s41396-019-0382-3},
	author = {Stewart, L.C. and Algar, C.K. and Fortunato, C.S. and Larson, B.I. and Vallino, J.J. and Huber, J.A. and Butterfield, D.A. and Holden, J.F.}
}
@article {PIE466,
	title = {GlobeLand30 maps show four times larger gross than net land change from 2000 to 2010 in Asia},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {Asia, GlobeLand30, intensity analysis, land cover change, land degradation, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2019.01.003},
	author = {Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H. and Minaei, M. and Feng, Y. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@techreport {PIE469,
	title = {Hurricane Sandy Impacts on Coastal Wetland Resilience},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {117},
	institution = {USGS},
	keywords = {accretion, LTER-PIE, disturbance, salt marsh, sedimentation, wetlands},
	issn = {2018{\textendash}1142},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20181142},
	author = {Cahoon, D.R. and Olker, J.H. and Yeates, A.G. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Grace, J.B. and Adamowicz, S.C. and Anisfeld, S., and Baldwin, A.H. and Barrett, N., and Beckett, L., and Benzecry, A. and Blum, L.K., and Burdick, D.M., and Crouch, W. and Ekberg, M.C. and Fernald, S. and Grimes, K.W. and Grzyb, J. and Hartig, E.K. and Kreeger, D.A. and Larson, M. and Lerberg, S. and Lynch, J.C. and Maher, N. and Maxwell-Doyle, M. and Mitchell, L.R. and Mora, J. and O{\textquoteright}Neill, V. and Padeletti, A. and Prosser, D. and Quirk, T. and Raposa, K.B. and Reay, W.G. and Siok, D. and Snow, C. and Starke, A. and Staver, L. and Stevenson, J.C. and Turner, V.},
	editor = {USGS}
}
@article {PIE474,
	title = {Sea Level Rise and the Dynamics of the Marsh-Upland Boundary},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, effect of storms on forest, LTER-PIE, marsh boundary, marsh transgression, marsh upland boundary, salt marsh, sea level rise, soil salinity},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2019.00025},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Anisfeld, S.C. and Blum, L.K. and Long, E.V. and Feagin, R.A. and Fernandes, A. and Kearney, W.S. and Williams, K.}
}
@article {kearney_sea-level_2019,
	title = {Sea-level rise and storm surges structure coastal forests into persistence and regeneration niches},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {may},
	pages = {e0215977},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Fernandes, Arnold and Fagherazzi, Sergio},
	editor = {Magar, Vanesa}
}
@article {PIE475,
	title = {Soil creep in a mesotidal salt marsh channel bank: Fast, seasonal,and water table mediated},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {334},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {126-137},
	keywords = {bank erosion, climate, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, tidal channels},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.001},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {bortolus_supporting_2019,
	title = {Supporting \textit{{Spartina}} : {Interdisciplinary} perspective shows \textit{{Spartina}} as a distinct solid genus},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {11},
	year = {2019},
	issn = {0012-9658, 1939-9170},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.2863},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.2863},
	author = {Bortolus, Alejandro and Adam, Paul and Adams, Janine B. and Ainouche, Malika L. and Ayres, Debra and Bertness, Mark D. and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and Bruno, John F. and Ca{\c c}ador, Isabel and Carlton, James T. and Castillo, Jesus M. and Costa, Cesar S. B. and Davy, Anthony J. and Deegan, Linda and Duarte, Bernardo and Figueroa, Enrique and Gerwein, Joel and Gray, Alan J. and Grosholz, Edwin D. and Hacker, Sally D. and Hughes, A. Randall and Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique and Mendelssohn, Irving A. and Morris, James T. and Mu{\~n}oz-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Adolfo F. and Nieva, Francisco J. J. and Levin, Lisa A. and Li, Bo and Liu, Wenwen and Pennings, Steven C. and Pickart, Andrea and Redondo-G{\'o}mez, Susana and Richardson, David M. and Salmon, Armel and Schwindt, Evangelina and Silliman, Brian R. and Sotka, Erik E. and Stace, Clive and Sytsma, Mark and Temmerman, Stijn and Turner, R. Eugene and Valiela, Ivan and Weinstein, Michael P. and Weis, Judith S.}
}
@article {PIE490,
	title = {Variations in persistence and regenerative zones in coastal forests triggered by sea level rise and storms.},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {coastal forest, disturbance, ecological ratchet, hurricanes, LTER-PIE, NDVI, NDWI, persistence niche, regenerative niche, salt marsh expansion, sea level rise, storm surges},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11172019},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Nordio, G. and Munz, K. and Catucci, D. and Kearney, W.S.}
}
@article {langley_ambient_2018,
	title = {Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {12},
	year = {2018},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5668{\textendash}5679},
	issn = {1354-1013, 1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.14442},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14442},
	author = {Langley, J. Adam and Chapman, Samantha K. and La Pierre, Kimberly J. and Avolio, Meghan and Bowman, William D. and Johnson, David S. and Isbell, Forest and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Foster, Bryan L. and Hovenden, Mark J. and Knapp, Alan K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Lortie, Christopher J. and Megonigal, James P. and Newton, Paul C. D. and Reich, Peter B. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suttle, Kenwyn B. and Tilman, David}
}
@article {PIE478,
	title = {Classification mapping of salt marsh vegetation byflexible monthly NDVItime-series using Landsat imagery},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {213},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {61-80},
	keywords = {C5.0 decision tree, classification mapping, Landsat imagery, long-term monitoring, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, remote sensing time-series, salt marsh vegetation community},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.08.007},
	author = {Sun, S. and Fagherazzi, S. and Liu, Y.}
}
@article {PIE445,
	title = {Constraining Marsh Carbon Budgets Using Long-Term C Burial and Contemporary Atmospheric CO2 Fluxes},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {867-878},
	keywords = {carbon burial, carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, net ecosystem exchange, primary production, rainfall, salinity, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004336},
	author = {Forbrich, I. and Giblin, A.E. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {fernandes_declining_2018,
	title = {Declining Radial Growth Response of Coastal Forests to Hurricanes and Nor{\textquoteright}easters},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {832{\textendash}849},
	abstract = {The Mid-Atlantic coastal forests in Virginia are stressed by episodic disturbance from hurricanes and nor{\textquoteright}easters. Using annual tree ring data, we adopt a dendroclimatic and statistical modeling approach to understand the response and resilience of a coastal pine forest to extreme storm events, over the past few decades. Results indicate that radial growth of trees in the study area is influenced by age, regional climate trends, and individual tree effects but dominated periodically by growth disturbance due to storms. We evaluated seven local extreme storm events to understand the effect of nor{\textquoteright}easters and hurricanes on radial growth. A general decline in radial growth was observed in the year of the extreme storm and 3 years following it, after which the radial growth started recovering. The decline in radial growth showed a statistically significant correlation with the magnitude of the extreme storm (storm surge height and wind speed). This study contributes to understanding declining tree growth response and resilience of coastal forests to past disturbances. Given the potential increase in hurricanes and storm surge severity in the region, this can help predict vegetation response patterns to similar disturbances in the future.},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, floods, LTER, storm surge, tree ring},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004125},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JG004125},
	author = {Fernandes, Arnold and Rollinson, Christine R. and Kearney, William S. and Dietze, Michael C. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE446,
	title = {Declining radial growth response of coastal forests to hurricanes and nor{\textquoteright}easters},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {832-849},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, disturbance, floods, LTER-PIE, primary production, storm surge, tree ring},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004125},
	author = {Fernandes, A. and Rollinson, C.R. and Kearney, W.S. and Dietze, M.C. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {castagno_intense_2018,
	title = {Intense {Storms} {Increase} the {Stability} of {Tidal} {Bays}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	number = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {5491{\textendash}5500},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL078208},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL078208},
	author = {Castagno, Katherine A. and Jim{\'e}nez-Robles, Alfonso M. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Wiberg, Patricia L. and Fenster, Michael S. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE449\&lt;br/\&gt;,
	title = {Lateral Marsh Edge Erosion as a Source of Sediments for Vertical Marsh Accretion},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, organic carbon, organic matter, salt marsh accretion, sea-level rise, sediment, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004358},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Morris, J.T. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wollheim, W.M. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE476,
	title = {The Role of Waves, Shelf Slope, and Sediment Characteristics on the Development of Erosional Chenier Plains},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {8435-8444},
	keywords = {chenier plains, disturbance, LTER-PIE, mudflats, sandy strandplains, sediments, wave energy},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL078694},
	author = {Nardin, W. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE477,
	title = {Tradeoffs among hydrodynamics, sedimentfluxes and vegetationcommunity in the Virginia Coast Reserve, USA},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {98-108},
	keywords = {emergent vegetation, LTER-PIE, sediment fluxes, stability, submerged vegetation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.06.009},
	author = {Nardin, W. and Larsen, L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.}
}
@article {howard_using_2018,
	title = {Using {Noble} {Gases} to {Compare} {Parameterizations} of {Air}-{Water} {Gas} {Exchange} and to {Constrain} {Oxygen} {Losses} by {Ebullition} in a {Shallow} {Aquatic} {Environment}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	number = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2711{\textendash}2726},
	issn = {2169-8953, 2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JG004441},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JG004441},
	author = {Howard, Evan M. and Forbrich, Inke and Giblin, Anne E. and Lott, Dempsey E. and Cahill, Kevin L. and Stanley, Rachel H. R.}
}
@article {PIE435,
	title = {The effect of evaporation on the erodibility of mudflats in a mesotidal estuary},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {194},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {118-127},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, estuaries, LTER-PIE, mudflats, tidal energy},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.011},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Viggato, T. and Vieillard, A.M. and Mariotti, G. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE443,
	title = {Effect of short-term, diel changes in environmental conditions on active microbial communities in a salt marsh pond},
	journal = {Aquatc Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {29-41},
	keywords = {disturbance, dormancy, LTER-PIE, marsh pond, microbial activity, population dynamics, rare biosphere, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/ame01837},
	author = {Kearns,P.J. and Holloway, D. and Angell, J.H. and Feinman, S.G. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE453,
	title = {The impact of extreme storm surges on Mid Atlantic coastal forests},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, disturbance, floods, LTER-PIE, primary production, storm surge, tree ring},
	author = {Fernandes, A.}
}
@article {PIE434,
	title = {Shallow ponds are heterogeneous habitats within a temperate salt marsh ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, ponds, primary production, salt marsh, system metabolism},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG003780},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. and Howard, E. and Mariotti, G. and Forbrich, I. and Stanley, R. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {PIE428,
	title = {Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms14156},
	author = {Ganju, N.K. and Defne, Z. and Kirwan, M.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Carniello, L.}
}
@article {PIE429,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {394-407},
	keywords = {discharge, LTER-PIE, stage height, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Mariotti, G. and Deegan, L. A. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {kearney_stage-discharge_2017,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {394{\textendash}407},
	abstract = {Long-term records of the flow of water through tidal channels are essential to constrain the budgets of sediments and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes. Statistical models which relate discharge to water level allow the estimation of such records from more easily obtained records of water stage in the channel. Here, we compare four different types of stage-discharge models, each of which captures different characteristics of the stage-discharge relationship. We estimate and validate each of these models on a 2-month long time series of stage and discharge obtained with an acoustic Doppler current profiler in a salt marsh channel. We find that the best performance is obtained by models that account for the nonlinear and time-varying nature of the stage-discharge relationship. Good performance can also be obtained from a simplified version of these models, which captures nonlinearity and nonstationarity without the complexity of the fully nonlinear or time-varying models.},
	issn = {1541-5856},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Mariotti, Giulio and Deegan, Linda A. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE407,
	title = {Discontinuities concentrate mobile predators: Quantifying organism-environment interactions at a seascape scale},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {conservation, discontinuities, distribution, drivers, habitat, LTER-PIE, mobile organisms, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, seascape, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1226},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {PIE397,
	title = {A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes},
	journal = {PNAS},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {64-68},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, hurricanes, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, wind waves},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1510095112},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE427,
	title = {Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {accretion, disturbance, elevation, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2909},
	author = {Kirwan, M.L. and Temmerman, S. and Skeehan, E.E. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE430,
	title = {Salt marsh erosion rates and boundary features in a shallow Bay},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1861-1875},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JF003975 },
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Defne, Z. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE426,
	title = {Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal creeks},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12287},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE415,
	title = {Soil creep in salt marshes},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1130/G37708.1},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE414,
	title = {A test of biological trait analysis with nematodes and an anthropogenic stressor},
	journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PD Plim Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, environmental monitoring, functional groups, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s10661-016-5128-3},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE381,
	title = {Global environmental change and the nature of aboveground net primary productivity responses: insights from long-term experiments},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {aboveground productivuty, disturbance, hierarchial respopnse framework, long-term ecological research network, LTER-PIE, nutrient addition, precipitation manipulation, primary production},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9},
	author = {Smith, M.D. and La Pierre, K.J. and Collins, S.L. and Knapp, A.K. and Gross, K.L. and Barrett, J.E. and Frey, S.D. and Gough, L. and Miller, R.J. and Morris, J.T. and Rustad, L.E. and Yarie, J.}
}
@article {PIE408,
	title = {Increased nitrogen export from eastern North America to the Atlantic Ocean due to climatic and anthropogenic changes during 1901{\textendash}2008},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1046-1068},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen export, rivers},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JG002763},
	author = {Yang, Q. and Tian, H. and Friedrichs, M.A.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Lu, C. and Najjar, R.G.}
}
@article {PIE398,
	title = {Local variability in erosional resistance affects large scale morphodynamic response of salt marshes to wind waves},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, wind waves},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064730},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE411,
	title = {Marsh-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in a New England salt marsh},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research- Biogeosciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	keywords = {carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JG003044},
	author = {Forbrich, I. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE382,
	title = {Time-dependent behavior of a placed bed of cohesive sediment subjected to erosion and deposition cycles},
	journal = {Ocean Dynamics},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {287-294},
	keywords = {cycles, disturbance, erodibility, flocculation, long-term, LTER-PIE, mud},
	doi = {10.1007/s10236-014-0798-2},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE377,
	title = {How waves shape salt marshes},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, waves},
	doi = {10.1130/G35751.1},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE375,
	title = {Long-term nutrient enrichment alters nematode trophic structure and body size in a <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> salt marsh},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1-16},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem response, LTER-PIE, morphometrics, nematode trophic guilds, opportunistic nematodes, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1111/maec.12181},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE366,
	title = {The relationships among hydrodynamics, sediment distribution, and chlorophyll in a mesotidal estuary.},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {54-64},
	keywords = {disturbance, hydrodynamics, LTER-PIE, microphytobenthos, primary production, sediments, tidal flats, tides, waves},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2014.04.003},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Mariotti, G. and Banks, A.T. and Morgan, E.J. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE365,
	title = {Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms},
	journal = {Advances in Geosciences},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {9-14},
	keywords = {biofilms, disturbance, LTER-PIE, sediment erosion, tidal flat},
	doi = {10.5194/adgeo-39-9-2014},
	author = {Valentine, K. and Mariotti, G. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE369,
	title = {Saltmarsh pool and tidal creek morphodynamics: Dynamic equilibrium of northern latitude saltmarshes?},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {99-115},
	keywords = {anthropogenic alteration, disturbance, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh ditches, saltmarsh pools, sea-level, tidal creeks, vertical accretion},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.002},
	author = {Wilson, C.A. and Hughes, Z.J. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Valentine, V. and Kolker, A.S.}
}
@article {PIE334,
	title = {Diverse dietary responses by saltmarsh consumers to chronic nutrient enrichment.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1115-1124},
	keywords = {creek-wall habitat, epiphytes, estuary, filamentous algae, food web, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-013-9624-1},
	author = {Pascal, P-Y. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@inbook {PIE300,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {180-200},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, nutrients, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@inbook {PIE301,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Flats},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {201-220},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuary, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, tidal flats},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE371,
	title = {The effects of nitrate fertilization on the physiology of a common salt marsh cordgrass species, Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, nitrogen fertilization, plant physiology, salt marsh},
	author = {Freidman, K.}
}
@article {PIE332,
	title = {The ephemeral life of a salt marsh},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {943-944},
	keywords = {accretion, disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1130/focus082013.1},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE364,
	title = {Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes},
	journal = {Ecological Processes},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuarine fluxes, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, tides},
	doi = {10.1186/2192-1709-2-3},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.L. and Temmerman, S. and Struyf, E. and Zhao, Y. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE318,
	title = {Long-term nutrient enrichment elicits a weak density response by saltmarsh meiofauna},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {713},
	number = {1},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {97-114},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, bottom-up effects, LTER-PIE, Manayunkia aestuarina, meiofauna, natural variability, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-013-1496-7},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE333,
	title = {Mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>, responses to long-term, whole-ecosystem nutrient enrichment.},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {492},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {211-222},
	keywords = {abundance, eutrophication, growth rate, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, mummichog, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10495},
	author = {Lockfield, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {,
	title = {The production of urban vacant land: relational placemaking in Boston, MA neighborhoods.},
	journal = {Cities and the Environment},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {156-163},
	keywords = {civil society organization, community gardens, LTER-PIE, neighborhood perception, relational place-making, urban governance, urban vacant land},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cities.2013.06.012.},
	author = {Foo, K. and Martin, D. and Wool, C. and Polsky, C.}
}
@article {PIE310,
	title = {Response of the benthic food web to short- and long-term nutrient enrichment in saltmarsh mudflats.},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {474},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {27-41},
	keywords = {bacteria, benthic food web, benthic microalgae, disturbance, grazing rates, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, meiofauna, Nassarius obsoletus, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10090},
	author = {Pascal, P-Y. and Fleeger, J.W. and Boschker, H.T.S. and Mitwally, H.M. and Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE317,
	title = {What happens in an estuary doesn{\textquoteright}t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research. },
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {168-179},
	keywords = {biotic connectivity, fish migration, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, striped bass},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.60},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Kennedy, C.G. and Deegan, L.A. and Smith, J.M.}
}
@article {PIE294,
	title = {Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives at multiple scales: a common challenge for fish and watershed restoration. },
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {188-200},
	keywords = {Alosa, coastal rivers, distribution, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, spatial scale},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2012.675980},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Smith, J.M. and Cormier, R.D. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE306,
	title = {Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {490},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {388-392},
	keywords = {coastal eutrophication, disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, nutrients, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/nature11533},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Warren, R.S. and Peterson, B.J. and Fleeger, J.W. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE323,
	title = {Impacts of long-term fertilization on salt marsh tidal creek benthic nutrient and N2 gas fluxes},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {471},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {11-22},
	keywords = {denitrification, DNRA, fertilization, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen loading, salt marsh ecosystem},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10013},
	author = {Vieillard, A.M. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE299,
	title = {Legacy effects material flux: structural catchment changes predate long-term studies.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {575-584},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, legacy effect, long-term studies, LTER-PIE, sedimentation, streams, structural and signal legacy effects},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.8},
	author = {Bain, D. and Green, M.B. and Campbell, J. and Chamblee, J. and Fraterrigo, J. and Kaushal, S.S. and Martin, S. and Jordan, T. and Parolari, A. and Sobczak, W.V. and Weller, D.E. and Wollheim, W.M. and Boose, E. and Duncan, J. and Gettel, G. and Hall, B. and Kumar, P. and Thompson, J. and Vose, J. and Elliott, E. and Leigh, D.}
}
@article {PIE298,
	title = {Local scale carbon budgets and mitigation opportunities for the Northeastern United States.},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {23-38},
	keywords = {carbon, climate change, disturbance, energy, land use, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.7},
	author = {Raciti, S. and Fahey, T. and Hall, B. and Driscoll, C. and Carranti, F.J. and Foster, D. and Gwyther, P.S. and Jenkins, J. and Hamburg, S. and Neill, C. and Ollinger, S. and Peery, B.W. and Quigley, E. and Sherman, R. and Thomas, R.Q. and Vadeboncoeur, T.M. and Weinstein, D. and Wilson, G. and Woodbury, P. and Yandik, W.}
}
@article {PIE363,
	title = {Modeling the effect of tides and waves on benthic biofilms.},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biofilms, disturbance, LTER-PIE, tidal flats, tides, turbulence},
	doi = {10.1029/2012JG002064},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE302,
	title = {Spatial and temporal diet patterns of young adult and subadult striped bass feeding in Massachusetts estuaries: trends across scales.},
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {30-45},
	keywords = {diets, LTER-PIE, migrant, population dynamics, scale, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2011.642747},
	author = {Ferry, K.H. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE283,
	title = {The ebb and flood of silica: Quantifying dissolved and biogenic silica fluxes from a temperate salt marsh},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {415-423},
	keywords = {biogenic silica, diatoms, dissolved silica, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient cycles, primary production, salt marshes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.012},
	author = {Vieillard, A., and R.W. Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Carey, J.}
}
@article {PIE284,
	title = {Natural abundance stable isotopes and dual isotope tracer additions help to resolve resources supporting a saltmarsh food web.},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {410},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1-11},
	keywords = {infauna, inorganic nutrients, isotope addition, LTER-PIE, Manayunkia aestuarina, organic matter, population dynamics, Spartina, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.007},
	author = {Galvan, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Peterson, B. and Drake, D. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE273,
	title = {Research on coupled human and natural Systems (CHANS): Approach, challenges and strategies},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America},
	volume = {92},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {218-228},
	keywords = {CHANS, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9623-92.2.218},
	author = {McConnell, W.J. and Millington, J.D.A. and Reo, N.J. and Alberti, M. and Asbjornsen, H. and Baker, L.A. and Brozovi{\'c}, N. and Drinkwater, L.E. and Drzyzga, S.A. and Fragoso, J. and Holland, D.S. and Jantz, C.A. and Kohler, T.A. and Maschner, H.D.G. and Monticino, M. and Podest{\'a}, G. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Redman, C.L. and Sailor, D. and Urquhart, G. and Liu, Jianguo}
}
@article {PIE249,
	title = {Role of origin and release location in pre-spawning movements of anadromous alewives},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {12-14},
	keywords = {alosine, evaluation, LTER-PIE, native fish, restoration, stocking, telemetry, trap and transfer},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00759.x},
	author = {Frank, H.F. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE247,
	title = {Diversity in destinations, routes and timing of small adult and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis on their southward autumn migration},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {2326-2337},
	keywords = {coastal migration, contingent, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, overwinter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02811.x},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Pautzke, S.M. and Fox, D. and Savoy, T. and Brundage III, H.M. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE222,
	title = {Seasonal use of a New England estuary by foraging contingents of migratory striped bass},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {257 - 269},
	keywords = {acoustic telemetry, Atlantic coast, Chesapeake Bay, disturbance, habitat use, Hudson, LTER-PIE, Morone-saxatilis, movements, North Carolina, population dynamics, river, southern New-Jersey},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-222.1},
	author = {Pautzke, S.M. and Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@article {,
	title = {The Adopt-a-Herring Program as a Fisheries Conservation Tool},
	journal = {Fisheries},
	volume = {34},
	number = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {496-507},
	keywords = {aquatic stewardship, biology, disturbance, environmental-education program, LTER-PIE, management, nongovernmental organizations, outreach, population dynamics, restoration, scientists, society, species conservation},
	doi = {10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496},
	author = {Frank, H.J. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE218,
	title = {Evaluation of a gastric radio tag insertion technique for anadromous river herring.},
	journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {367-377},
	keywords = {American shad, behavior, confinement, fish, fresh-water, LTER-PIE, migration, physiology, population dynamics, salmon smolts, stress-response, tracking},
	doi = {10.1577/M08-111.1},
	author = {Smith, J.S. and Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE192,
	title = {Evaluation of pre-spawning movements of anadromous alewives in the Ipswich River using radiotelemetry},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, restoration, river herring},
	author = {Frank, H.}
}
@article {PIE188,
	title = {Examining mummichog growth and movement: Are some individuals making intra-season migrations to optimize growth?},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {8-16},
	keywords = {animal movement, estuary, Fundulus heteroclitus, LTER-PIE, mummichogs, population dynamics, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2008.09.027},
	author = {Haas, H.L. and Freeman, C.J. and Logan, J.M. and Deegan, L and Gaines, E.F.}
}
@article {PIE191,
	title = {Large-scale manipulations reveal that top-down and bottom-up controls interact to alter habitat utilization by saltmarsh fauna},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {377},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {33-41},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem experiments, epifauna, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, multi-stressors, parasites, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07849},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {PIE205,
	title = {Modeling denitrification in aquatic sediments},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {159-178},
	keywords = {denitrification, diagenetic model, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, sediment},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9270-z},
	author = {Fennel, K. and Brady, D. and DiToro, D. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Gardner, W.S. and Giblin, A. and McCarthy, M.J. and Rao, A. and Seitzinger, S. and Thouvenot-Korppoo, M. and Tobias, C.}
}
@article {PIE210,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: A paired <sup>15</sup>N tracer study.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {90},
	number = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {2535-2546},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, disturbance, eutrophication, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, New England, nitrogen processing efficiency, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, stable isotopes, USA},
	doi = {10.1890/08-1051.1},
	author = {Drake, D.C. and Peterson, B.J. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A. and Fleeger, J.W. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, J.M. and Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Picard, C. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE202,
	title = {Use of non-natal estuaries by migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in summer},
	journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {329 - 337},
	keywords = {Canada, Chesapeake-bay, habitat, LTER-PIE, markov-chain, movement, patterns, population, population dynamics, salmon, site fidelity, state-space models},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Ferry, K.H. and Deegan, L.A. and Nelson, G.A.}
}
@article {PIE220,
	title = {Weak response of saltmarsh infauna to ecosystem-wide nutrient enrichment and fish predator reduction: A four-year study},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {373},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {35-44},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.003},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE219,
	title = {What is {\textquoteright}fallback{\textquoteright}: metrics needed to assess telemetry tag effects on anadromous fish behaviour},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {237 - 249},
	keywords = {alosine, behavior, LTER-PIE, movement, population dynamics, tag effect},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-009-9917-3},
	author = {Frank, H. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@article {PIE197,
	title = {Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {95-100},
	keywords = {ecosystem metabolism, estuaries, fluvial networks, heterotrophy, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, rivers},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo101},
	author = {Battin, T.J. and Kaplan, L. and Findlay, S. and Hopkinson, C. and Marti, E. and Packman, A. and Newbold, J.D. and Sabater, F.}
}
@article {PIE189,
	title = {Defining Linkages between the GSC and NSF{\textquoteright}s LTER Program: How the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) Relates to GCDML and Other Outcomes},
	journal = {Omics},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {151-156},
	keywords = {Genomic Standards Consortium, genomics, LTER-IMC, LTER-PIE, metadata, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1089/omi.2008.0015},
	author = {San Gil, I. and Sheldon, W. and Schmidt, T. and Servilaa, M. and Aguilar, R. and Gries, C. and Gray, T. and Field, D. and Cole, J. and Yun Pan, J. and Palanisamy, G. and Henshaw, D. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, M. and Kinkel, L. and McMahon, K. and Kottman, R. and Amaral-Zettler, L. and Hobbie, J. and Goldstein, P. and Guralnick, R.P. and Brunt, J. and Michener, W.K.}
}
@article {PIE178,
	title = {Land change: Ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {6},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {264-272},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, ecosystems, inorganic nutrients, land use, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1890/070147},
	author = {Grimm, N. and Foster, D. and Groffman, P. and Grove, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Nadelhoffer, K. and Pataki, D. and Peters, D.}
}
@article {PIE177,
	title = {Stable isotope addition reveals dietary importance of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos to saltmarsh infauna},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {359},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {37-49},
	keywords = {food web, infauna, inorganic nutrients, isotope addition, LTER-PIE, microphytobenthos, organic matter, phytoplankton, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07321},
	author = {Galvan, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE200,
	title = {Stable isotope monitoring of benthic-pelagic coupling with salt marsh fish},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {193-204},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, fish, LTER-PIE, monitoring, organic matter, population dynamics, power analysis, salt marsh, Spartina, stable isotope analysis},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07644},
	author = {Fry, B. and Cieri, M. and Hughes, J. and Tobias, C. and Deegan, L.A. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE190,
	title = {Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {202-206},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen isotopes, stream network},
	doi = {10.1038/nature06686},
	author = {Mulholland, P. J. and Helton, A. M. and Poole, G.C. and Hall, Jr., R.O. and Hamilton, S. K. and Peterson, B. J. and Tank, J.L. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L. W. and Dahm, C. N. and Dodds, W. K. and Findlay, S. E. G. and Gregory, S. V. and Grimm, N.B. and Johnson, S. L. and McDowell, W.H. and Meyer, J. L. and Valett, H. M. and Webster, J. R. and Arango, C. P. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Bernot, M. J. and Burgin, A. J. and Crenshaw, C. L. and Johnson, L.T. and Niederlehner, B. R. and OﾒBrien, J. M. and Potter, J. D. and Sheibley, R.W. and Sobota, D. J. and Thomas, S. M.}
}
@article {PIE199,
	title = {Top-down and bottom-up control of infauna varies across the saltmarsh landscape},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {20-34},
	keywords = {disturbance, impact assessment, indirect effects, infauna, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh gradient},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.003},
	author = {Fleeger, J.W. and Johnson, D.S. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {PIE168,
	title = {The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments.},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1810-1818},
	keywords = {disturbance, electrical conductivity, hydrograph separation, impervious, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1002/hyp.6786},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Wollheim, W.M. and Feng, X. and Vorosmarty, C.J.}
}
@inbook {PIE196,
	title = {Estimating net primary production of salt marsh macrophytes},
	booktitle = {Principles and Standards for Measuring Primary Production},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {106-119},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	keywords = {allometry, harvest, intertidal zone, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, stem turnover},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168662.003.0007},
	author = {Morris, J.T.},
	editor = {Fahey, T.J. and Knapp, A.K.}
}
@article {PIE236,
	title = {Susceptibility of salt marshes to nutrient enrichment and predator removal},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {S-42-S63},
	keywords = {bottom-up, disturbance, eutrophication, Fundulus heteroclitus, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, multiple stressors, nutrient loading, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, species change, top-down control},
	doi = {10.1890/06-0452.1},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Bowen, J.L. and Drake, D.C. and Fleeger, J.W. and Friedrichs, C.T. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Hobbie, J.E. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, D.S. and Johnson, J.M. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Peterson, B.J. and Picard, C. and Sheldon, S. and Sutherland, M. and Vallino, J. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE241,
	title = {Worm holes and their space-time continuum: Spatial and temporal variability of macroinfaunal annelids in a northern New England salt marsh},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {226-237},
	keywords = {infauna, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02700166},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Moser, E.B.}
}
@article {PIE239,
	title = {Linking ecology and economics for ecosystem management},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {121-134},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem management, ecosystem services, LTER, LTER-PIE, trade-offs, valuation},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0121:LEAEFE]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Farber, S and Costanza, D. and Childers, D. and Erikson, J. and Gross, K. and Grove, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Kahn, J. and Pincetl, S. and Troy, A. and Warren, P. and Wilson, M.}
}
@article {PIE171,
	title = {Salt marsh geomorphology: Physical and ecological effects on landform},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {309-310},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.001},
	author = {Torres, R. and Fagherazzi, S. and van Proosdij, D. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@proceedings {PIE143,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading.},
	journal = {Conference Proceedings of the meeting of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {5},
	address = {Baltimore MD},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, pollutant loading, regression modeling},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Fedorko, E.}
}
@article {PIE240,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading},
	journal = {Journal of Spatial Hydrology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {60-80},
	keywords = {GIS, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, non-point source pollution, nutrient export, regression modeling, spatial distribution},
	doi = {10.1086/BBLv207n2p173},
	author = {Fedorko, E.J. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Aldrich, S.P. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@inbook {PIE128,
	title = {Flow, sedimentation, and biomass production on a vegetated salt marsh in South Carolina: toward a predictive model of marsh morphologic and ecologic evolution.},
	booktitle = {The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {165-187},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, marsh geomorphology, salt marsh biomass, sedimentation},
	author = {Mudd, S.M. and Fagherazzi, S. and Morris, J.T. and Furbish, D.J.},
	editor = {S. Fagherazzi and A. Marani and L.K. Blum}
}
@article {PIE122,
	title = {Modeling Nitrogen Transport in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts, Using HSPF.},
	journal = {Journal of the American Water Resources Association},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1365-1384},
	keywords = {HSPF, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen transport, watershed},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01592.x},
	author = {Filoso,S. and Vallino, J.J and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Claessens, L.}
}
@proceedings {PIE149,
	title = {The Salt Marsh Geomorphology: Physical and Ecological Effects on Landform},
	journal = {AGU Chapman Conference},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {October 9-13, 2004},
	pages = {57-58},
	publisher = {EOS},
	address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Torres, R. and Hopkinson, C. and vanProosdij, D.}
}
@proceedings {PIE123,
	title = {What makes mummichogs grow?  The relationship between growth rates and gut contents of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> held in enclosures along a salinity gradient in a New England salt marsh.},
	journal = {New England Estuarine Research Society (NEERS)},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Intern},
	address = {Burlington, Vermont},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, mummichog, salt marsh},
	author = {Freeman, C.J. and Haas, H. and Warren, S. and Deegan, L.A. and Logan, J.}
}
@article {PIE116,
	title = {Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: a synthesis of data supporting a comprehensive coast-wide understanding of the trophic biology},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {349 - 360},
	keywords = {diet composition, feeding habits, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00373.x},
	author = {Walter, J.F. and Overton, A.S. and Ferry, K.H. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE96,
	title = {Direct profiling of environmental microbial populations by thermal dissociation analysis of native ribosomal RNAs hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays.},
	journal = {Applied Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {2377-2382},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, microbes, population, RNA},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.4.2377-2382.2003},
	author = {El Fantroussi, S. and Urakawa, H. and Bernhard, A.E. and Kelly, J.J. and Noble, P.A. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE97,
	title = {Factors driving distribution of migratory striped bass across Massachusetts estuaries: predator-prey interactions and implications for multispecies management.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, predator, prey, striped bass},
	author = {Ferry, K.}
}
@article {PIE111,
	title = {Phosphorus Limitation of Coastal Ecosystem Processes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {299},
	number = {563-565},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nutrient limitation, phosphorus, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1079100},
	author = {Sundareshwar, P.V. and Morris, J.T. and Koepfler, E.K. and Fornwalt, B.}
}
@techreport {PIE26,
	title = {Marine and Estuarine Ecosystem and Habitat Classification},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	institution = {US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National marine Fisheries Service},
	keywords = {classification, ecosystem, estuary, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	isbn = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-FSPO-43},
	author = {Allee, R.J. and Dethier, M. and Brown, D. and Deegan, L. and Ford, R.G. and Hourigan, T.F. and Maragos, J. and Schoch, C. and Sealey, K. and Twilley, R. and Weinstein, M.P. and Yoklavich, M.}
}
@article {PIE34,
	title = {Nitrogen biogeochemistry in the oligohaline zone of a New England estuary.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {81},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {416-432},
	keywords = {15N, Actinocyclus normanii, diatoms, estuary, inorganic nutrients, land-margin ecosystem, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling, oligohaline zone, organic matter, phytoplankton, primary production, silica, stable isotopes, terrestrial-aquatic linkage},
	doi = {10.2307/177437},
	author = {Holmes, R. M. and Peterson, B.J. and Deegan, L. and Hughes, J. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE38,
	title = {Nitrogen flow through the food web in the oligohaline zone of a New England estuary.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {433-452},
	keywords = {15N-tracer, Actinocyclus normanii, benthivore, copepod, detritus, diatoms, disturbance, food web, inorganic nutrients, intertidal, LTER-PIE, macrofauna, nitrogen, oligohaline zone, planktivore, population dynamics, primary production},
	doi = {10.2307/177438},
	author = {Hughes, J. E. and Deegan, L.A. and Peterson, B.J. and Holmes, R.M. and Fry, B.}
}
@inbook {PIE29,
	title = {Synthesizing drainage basin inputs to coastal systems.},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {81-105},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, watershed},
	author = {Fisher, T. R. and Correll, D. and Costanza, R. and Hollibaugh, J. and Hopkinson, C. and Howarth, R. and Rabalais, N. and Richey, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Wiegert, R.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@article {PIE2,
	title = {13C/12C composition of marine dissolved organic carbon.},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {152},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {113 - 118},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, marine, organic matter, PIE LMER, sedimentary organic material, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00100-4},
	author = {Fry, B. and Hopkinson, C. and Nolin, A. and Wainright, S.}
}
@article {PIE3,
	title = {Measuring 15N-NH4 in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters: an adaptation of the ammonium diffusion method for samples with low ammonium concentrations.},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {235-243},
	keywords = {ammonium, analytical methods, diffusion, estuarine, fresh water, inorganic nutrients, N-15, PIE LMER, sea water},
	doi = {10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00099-6},
	author = {Holmes, R.M. and McClelland, J. and Sigman, D.M. and Fry, B. and Peterson, B.J.}
}
@article {PIE4,
	title = {Terrestrial inputs of organic matter to coastal ecosystems: An intercomparison of chemical characteristics and bioavailability},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum LMER Data},
	pages = {211-234},
	keywords = {elemental composition, lability, organic carbon, organic matter, organic nitrogen, PIE LMER, rivers},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1006016030299},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Buffam, I. and Hobbie, J. and Vallino, J. and Perdue, M. and Eversmeyer, B. and Prahl, F. and Covert, J. and Hodson, R. and Moran, M.A. and Smith, E. and Baross, J. and Crump, B. and Findlay, S. and Foreman, K.}
}
