@article {waltham_tidal_2021,
	title = {Tidal {Marsh} {Restoration} {Optimism} in a {Changing} {Climate} and {Urbanizing} {Seascape}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1681{\textendash}1690},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	author = {Waltham, Nathan J. and Alcott, Caitlin and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Deegan, Linda A. and Dodds, Kate and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Gilby, Ben L. and Henderson, Christopher J. and McLuckie, Catherine M. and Minello, Thomas J. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Simenstad, Charles A. and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Weinstein, Michael P.}
}
@article {liu_total_2021,
	title = {The {Total} {Operating} {Characteristic} from {Stratified} {Random} {Sampling} with an {Application} to {Flood} {Mapping}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {13},
	number = {19},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {3922},
	abstract = {The Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) measures how the ranks of an index variable distinguish between presence and absence in a binary reference variable. Previous methods to generate the TOC required the reference data to derive from a census or a simple random sample. However, many researchers apply stratified random sampling to collect reference data because stratified random sampling is more efficient than simple random sampling for many applications. Our manuscript derives a new methodology that uses stratified random sampling to generate the TOC. An application to flood mapping illustrates how the TOC compares the abilities of three indices to diagnose water. The TOC shows visually and quantitatively each index{\textquoteright}s diagnostic ability relative to baselines. Results show that the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index has the greatest diagnostic ability, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index has diagnostic ability greater than the Normalized Difference Water Index at the threshold where the Diagnosed Presence equals the Abundance of water. Some researchers consider only one accuracy metric at only one threshold, whereas the TOC allows visualization of several metrics at all thresholds. The TOC gives more information and clearer interpretation compared to the popular Relative Operating Characteristic. Our software generates the TOC from a census, simple random sample, or stratified random sample. The TOC Curve Generator is free as an executable file at a website that our manuscript gives.},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs13193922},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3922},
	author = {Liu, Zhen and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {morris_tidal_2020,
	title = {Tidal and {Hurricane} {Impacts} on {Saltmarshes} in the {Northeastern} {Coastal} and {Barrier} {Network}: {Theory} and {Empirical} {Results}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {43},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1658{\textendash}1671},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	author = {Morris, James T. and Lynch, James and Renken, Katherine A. and Stevens, Sara and Tyrrell, Megan and Plaisted, Holly}
}
@mastersthesis {8661,
	title = {Tidal marsh response to sediment deposition from tropical and extratropical storms. MS thesis},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2020},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, Sediment deposition, storms, tidal marsh},
	author = {Stumpf, A}
}
@article {PIE488,
	title = {Tidal Wetland Gross Primary Production Across the Continental United States, 2000{\textendash}2019.},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {blue carbon, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, tidal wetlands},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GB006349},
	author = {Feagin, A. and Forbrich, I. and Huff, T.P. and Barr, J. G. and Ruiz-Plancarte, J. and Fuentes, J. D. and NaJJar, R. G. and Vargas, R. and V{\'a}zquez-Lule, A. and Windham-Myers. L. and Kroeger, K. D. and Ward, E. J. and Moore, G. W. and Leclerc, M. and Krauss, K. W. and Stagg, C. L. and Alber, M. and Knox, S. H. and Sch{\"a}fer, K.V.R. and Bianchi, T. S. and Hutchings, J. A. and Nahrawi, H. and Noormets, A. and Mitra, B. and Jaimes, A. and Hinson, A. L. and Bergamaschi, B. and King, J. S. and Miao, G.}
}
@article {lesser_trophic_2020,
	title = {Trophic niche size and overlap decreases with increasing ecosystem productivity},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {129},
	number = {9},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1303{\textendash}1313},
	issn = {0030-1299, 1600-0706},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.07026},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.07026},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and James, W. Ryan and Stallings, Christopher D. and Wilson, Rachel M. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical {Cyclones} {Significantly} {Alleviate} {Mega}-{Deltaic} {Erosion} {Induced} by {High} {Riverine} {Flow}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {19},
	year = {2020},
	month = {oct},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical Cyclones Significantly Alleviate Mega-Deltaic Erosion Induced by High Riverine Flow},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL089065},
	abstract = {The drastic decline in sediment discharge experienced by large rivers in recent years might trigger erosion thus increasing the vulnerability of their extensive deltas. However, scarce information is available on the erosion patterns in mega-deltas and associated physical drivers. Here a series of bathymetries in the South Passage, Changjiang Delta, were analyzed to identify morphodynamic variations during high riverine flow and tropical cyclones (TCs). Results indicate that high river flow during flood season triggers large-scale net erosion along the inner estuary, generating elongated erosion-deposition patches. Erosion magnitude gradually weakens moving seaward with few localized bottom variations in the offshore area. TCs transport sediment landward and are accompanied by an overall weak erosion, with a less organized spatial pattern of erosion-deposition. TCs can therefore significantly alleviate erosion, reducing the sediment loss induced by riverine flows by over 50\%. These results highlight the role of TCs on the sediment dynamics of mega-deltas.},
	keywords = {Changjiang Delta, deltaic morphodynamics, high runoff, sediment budget of deltas, typhoon events},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE477,
	title = {Tradeoffs among hydrodynamics, sedimentfluxes and vegetationcommunity in the Virginia Coast Reserve, USA},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {98-108},
	keywords = {emergent vegetation, LTER-PIE, sediment fluxes, stability, submerged vegetation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.06.009},
	author = {Nardin, W. and Larsen, L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.}
}
@article {PIE414,
	title = {A test of biological trait analysis with nematodes and an anthropogenic stressor},
	journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PD Plim Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, environmental monitoring, functional groups, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s10661-016-5128-3},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE402,
	title = {Thermodynamics of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles: Lotka Revisited},
	journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {333-356},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, entropy, LTER-PIE, maximum entropy production, MEP},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015843},
	author = {Vallino, J.J. and Algar, C.K.}
}
@article {PIE382,
	title = {Time-dependent behavior of a placed bed of cohesive sediment subjected to erosion and deposition cycles},
	journal = {Ocean Dynamics},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {287-294},
	keywords = {cycles, disturbance, erodibility, flocculation, long-term, LTER-PIE, mud},
	doi = {10.1007/s10236-014-0798-2},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE388,
	title = {The Total Operating Characteristic to measure diagnostic ability for multiple thresholds},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {570-583},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, land use and land cover change (LUCC), LTER-PIE, relative operating characteristic (ROC), total operating characteristic (TOC)},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.862623},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Si, K}
}
@article {PIE391,
	title = {Tracking evolution of urban biogeochemical cycles: past, present, and future},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1-21},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, urban evolution, urban karst, urban succession, urban watershed continuum},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-014-0014-y},
	author = {Kaushal, S.S. and McDowell, W.H. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE275,
	title = {Taking the pulse of snowmelt: In situ sensors reveal season, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI },
	keywords = {disturbance, Diurnal, FDOM, Forested, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrate, organic matter, Snowmelt, streams},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Saraceno, J. and Shanley, J.B. and Sebestyn, S. and Aiken, G.R. and Wollheim, W.M. and Bergamaschi, B.A.}
}
@article {PIE272,
	title = {Thinking outside the channel: Modeling nitrogen cycling in networked river ecosystems},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {229-238},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling modeling, rivers},
	doi = {10.1890/080211},
	author = {Helton, A.M. and Poole, G.C. and Meyer, J.L. and Wollheim, W.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Mulholland, P.J. and Bernhardt, E.S. and Stanford, J.A. and Arango, C. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L.W. and Dodds, W.K. and Gregory, S.V. and Hall, R.O. and Hamilton, S.K. and Johnson, S.L. and McDowell, W.H. and Potter, J.D. and Tank, J.L. and Thomas, S.M. and Valett, H.M. and Webster, J.R. and Zeglin, L.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE353,
	title = {Testing the sensitivity of land change results to category aggregation},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {category aggregation, disturbance, GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Adjei, W.}
}
@thesis {PIE255,
	title = {Top-down and bottom-up benthic macroinvertebrate communities in salt marsh ditches},
	volume = {Bachelor{\textquoteright}s Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Middlebury College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Middlebury, VT},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Grubaugh, C.}
}
@article {PIE199,
	title = {Top-down and bottom-up control of infauna varies across the saltmarsh landscape},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {20-34},
	keywords = {disturbance, impact assessment, indirect effects, infauna, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh gradient},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.003},
	author = {Fleeger, J.W. and Johnson, D.S. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE233,
	title = {Trophic control of saltmarsh invertebrates},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Louisiana State University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Baton Rouge, LA},
	keywords = {food web, invertebrates, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE159,
	title = {Turnover rates of nitrogen stable isotopes in the salt marsh mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>, following a laboratory diet switch.},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {391-395},
	keywords = {15N, discrimination, liver, LTER-PIE, metabolism, population dynamics, trophic level},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-005-0277-z},
	author = {Logan, J. and Hass, H. and Deegan, L.A. and Gaines, E.}
}
@article {PIE107,
	title = {Tracing the flow of organic matter from primary producers to filter feeders in Ria Formosa Lagoon, Southern Portugal},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4A},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {846-856},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02803343},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE81,
	title = {Tidal flushing of ammonium from intertidal salt marsh sediments - the relative importance of adsorbed ammonium},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {258-259},
	keywords = {adsorbtion, ammonium, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sediment},
	doi = {10.2307/1543429},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE91,
	title = {Typical freshwater bacteria: an analysis of available 16S rRNA gene sequences from plankton of freshwater lakes and rivers.},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {141-155},
	keywords = {16S rRNA, bacteria, genome, lakes, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, rivers},
	doi = {10.3354/ame028141},
	author = {Zwart, G. and Crump, B.C. and Kamst-van Agterveld, M.P. and Hagen, F. and Han, S.K.}
}
@article {PIE4,
	title = {Terrestrial inputs of organic matter to coastal ecosystems: An intercomparison of chemical characteristics and bioavailability},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum LMER Data},
	pages = {211-234},
	keywords = {elemental composition, lability, organic carbon, organic matter, organic nitrogen, PIE LMER, rivers},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1006016030299},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Buffam, I. and Hobbie, J. and Vallino, J. and Perdue, M. and Eversmeyer, B. and Prahl, F. and Covert, J. and Hodson, R. and Moran, M.A. and Smith, E. and Baross, J. and Crump, B. and Findlay, S. and Foreman, K.}
}
