@article {8776,
	title = {Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {501815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-01-2024},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL100191},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL100191},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Frederiks, Ryan and Hingst, Mary and Carr, Joel and Kirwan, Matt and Gedan, Keryn and Michael, Holly and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {stopak_quantifying_2022,
	title = {Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {5499},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are vulnerable to sea-level rise, sediment deficits, and storm impacts. To remain vertically resilient, salt marshes must accrete sediment at rates greater or equal to sea-level rise. Ice-rafted debris (IRD), sediment that has been moved and deposited from ice sheets, is one of many processes that contribute to salt marsh sediment accretion in northern latitudes. On 4 January 2018, a winter storm caused major ice mobilization in the Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, USA, which led to large deposits of ice-rafted sediment. We aimed to quantify the volume and mass of deposited sediment, and evaluate the significance of IRD to sediment supply in Plum Island using pixel-based land-cover classification of aerial imagery collected by an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and a Digital Elevation Model. Field measurements of patch thickness, and the area of IRD determined from the classification were used to estimate annual sediment accretion from IRD. Results show that IRD deposits are localized in three areas, and estimates show that IRD contributes an annual sediment accretion rate of 0.57 {\textpm} 0.14 mm/y to the study site. New England salt marsh accretion rates typically vary between 2{\textendash}10 mm/y, and the average PIE sediment accretion rate is 2.5{\textendash}2.7 mm/y. Therefore, this event contributed on average 20\% of the annual volume of material accreted by salt marshes, although locally the deposit thickness was 8{\textendash}14 times the annual accretion rate. We show that pixel-based classification can be a useful tool for identifying sediment deposits from remote sensing. Additionally, we suggest that IRD has the potential to bring a significant supply of sediment to salt marshes in northern latitudes and contribute to sediment accretion. As remotely sensed aerial imagery from UASs becomes more readily available, this method can be used to efficiently identify and quantify deposited sediment.},
	keywords = {pixel-based classification, salt marshes, sediment transport, storms},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs14215499},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5499},
	author = {Stopak, Sarah and Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_salinity_2022,
	title = {Salinity increases with water table elevation at the boundary between salt marsh and forest},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {608},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {127576},
	abstract = {The migration of salt marshes into forests along coastal regions is nowadays well documented. Sea level rise and storms threaten coastal forests by increasing groundwater levels and salinity. Salinization is the main cause of forest conversion to salt marsh in North America. In this paper we study groundwater levels and salinity in two wells installed at the border between forest and salt marsh in the lower Delmarva peninsula, USA. The upper well is located in the regenerative forest, where recruitment is still possible, while the lower well is located in the persistent forest, where only mature trees survive. Groundwater in the upper well is fresh at the root depth, while in the lower well the mean salinity is 8 ppt. Our data suggest that rainfall has an instantaneous effect on salinity and groundwater levels, but it does not affect salinity and groundwater levels on longer periods (weeks to months). Groundwater levels and salinity reflect the hydraulic gradient toward the marsh (a proxy for outgoing water fluxes), the uphill hydraulic gradient (a proxy for incoming water fluxes) and temperature (a proxy for evapotranspiration). Salinity increases when groundwater levels are high. To explain this result, we put forward the hypothesis that a high water table favors the flux of surficial, fresh water to the marsh, and loss of freshwater by evapotranspiration. These losses are likely replenished by saltier water moving at depth.},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127576},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422001512},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_storm_2022,
	title = {Storm Surge and Tidal Dissipation in Deltaic Wetlands Bordering a Main Channel},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JC017655},
	abstract = {Deltas are complex systems where tidal and riverine signals interact with each other. In river-dominated deltas, where river discharge is sufficiently high, tidal amplitude is attenuated and distorted. Here we use wavelet analysis to examine the water level signal in stations located in wetlands adjacent to the main river outlet in the Wax Lake system, part of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA. We study the signal attenuation in lateral wetlands at different frequency bands, following the propagation of the water level signal from the Gulf of Mexico to the innermost stations. During high river discharge, the astronomical tide measured inside the wetlands is reduced of 90\%{\textendash}98\% in comparison to the tide in Atchafalaya Bay. Storm surge events, largely occurring at lower temporal frequencies, propagate conserving their energy once the signal enters the delta mouth. The river discharge signal, mostly present at frequencies lower than 1.59 μHz, is felt depending on river discharge conditions and the station position within the wetlands. Our results suggest that lateral wetlands in the Wax Lake system act as a low pass filter, attenuating tidal components but not the low frequency components of storm surges.},
	keywords = {Energy attenuation, storm surge, Tide, Wavelet transform analysis, wetland},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC017655},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JC017655},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
