@article {8843,
	title = {Mitigation policies buffer multiple climate stressors in a socio-ecological salt marsh habitat},
	journal = {Sustainability Science},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2024},
	month = {Jan-01-2024},
	pages = {245 - 258},
	issn = {1862-4065},
	doi = {10.1007/s11625-023-01414-0},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11625-023-01414-0},
	author = {Roy, Michael S. and Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Mavrommati, Georgia}
}
@article {8839,
	title = {Diversity at single nucleotide to pangenome scales among sulfur cycling bacteria in salt marshes},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2023},
	month = {May-11-2025},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/aem.00988-23},
	url = {https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aem.00988-23},
	author = {P{\'e}rez Castro, Sherlynette and Peredo, Elena L. and Mason, Olivia U. and Vineis, Joseph and Bowen, Jennifer L. and Mortazavi, Behzad and Ganesh, Anakha and Ruff, S. Emil and Paul, Blair G. and Giblin, Anne E. and Cardon, Zoe G.},
	editor = {Glass, Jennifer B.}
}
@conference {8841,
	title = {FEEDING SALT MARSHES WITH COASTAL STORMS},
	booktitle = {Coastal Sediments 2023Coastal Sediments 2023},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
	organization = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC},
	address = {New Orleans, LA, USA},
	isbn = {978-981-12-7989-8},
	doi = {10.1142/1335810.1142/9789811275135_0228},
	url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/13358},
	author = {Wang, Ping and Royer, Elizabeth and Rosati, Julie D and Fagherazzi, Sergio and CORTESE, LUCA}
}
@article {8842,
	title = {A fiddler crab reduces plant growth in its expanded range},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {104310},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Dec-12-2023},
	issn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.4203},
	url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4203},
	author = {Mart{\'\i}nez-Soto, Kayla S. and Johnson, David S.}
}
@article {strzempko_flow_2023,
	title = {The Flow Matrix Offers a Straightforward Alternative to the Problematic Markov Matrix},
	journal = {Land},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1471},
	abstract = {The Flow matrix is a novel method to describe and extrapolate transitions among categories. The Flow matrix extrapolates a constant transition size per unit of time on a time continuum with a maximum of one incident per observation during the extrapolation. The Flow matrix extrapolates linearly until the persistence of a category shrinks to zero. The Flow matrix has concepts and mathematics that are more straightforward than the Markov matrix. However, many scientists apply the Markov matrix by default because popular software packages offer no alternative to the Markov matrix, despite the conceptual and mathematical challenges that the Markov matrix poses. The Markov matrix extrapolates a constant transition proportion per time interval during whole-number multiples of the duration of the calibration time interval. The Markov extrapolation allows at most one incident per observation during each time interval but allows repeated incidents per observation through sequential time intervals. Many Markov extrapolations approach a steady state asymptotically through time as each category size approaches a constant. We use case studies concerning land change to illustrate the characteristics of the Flow and Markov matrices. The Flow and Markov extrapolations both deviate from the reference data during a validation time interval, implying there is no reason to prefer one matrix to the other in terms of correspondence with the processes that we analyzed. The two matrices differ substantially in terms of their underlying concepts and mathematical behaviors. Scientists should consider the ease of use and interpretation for each matrix when extrapolating transitions among categories.},
	keywords = {category, extrapolation, flow, land change, Markov, model},
	issn = {2073-445X},
	doi = {10.3390/land12071471},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/7/1471},
	author = {Strzempko, Jessica and Pontius, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {viana_four_2023,
	title = {Four Fundamental Questions to Evaluate Land Change Models with an Illustration of a Cellular Automata{\textendash}Markov Model},
	journal = {Annals of the American Association of Geographers},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {2497{\textendash}2511},
	abstract = {Numerous models exist for users to simulate land change to communicate with an audience concerning future land change. This article raises four fundamental questions to help model users decide whether to use any model: (1) Can the user understand the model? (2) Can the audience understand the model? (3) Can the user control the model? (4) Does the model address the goals of the specific application? This article applies these questions to the popular cellular automata{\textendash}Markov (CA{\textendash}Markov) model as IDRISI{\textquoteright}s CA{\textendash}Markov module expresses. Sensitivity analysis examines 120 ways to set the module{\textquoteright}s parameters. Verification compares the module{\textquoteright}s behavior to the software{\textquoteright}s documentation. Results show that the cellular automata{\textquoteright}s allocation fails to follow the quantity of change that the Markov module computes. The module{\textquoteright}s behavior is likely to cause users to misinterpret the validation metrics and to miscommunicate with audiences. Thus, the answers to the four questions were not satisfactory for this article{\textquoteright}s case study. This article{\textquoteright}s framework helps users to judge a model{\textquoteright}s appropriateness for a specific application by combining sensitivity analysis with verification in a manner that helps to interpret validation. Users should answer the four questions as they decide whether to use any software{\textquoteright}s modules.},
	keywords = {an{\'a}lisis de sensibilidad, CA-Markov, CA{\textendash}Markov, IDRISI software, IDRISI软件, sensitivity analysis, software IDRISI, validaci{\'o}n, Validation, verificaci{\'o}n, verification, 敏感性分析, 确认, 验证},
	issn = {2469-4452},
	doi = {10.1080/24694452.2023.2232435},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2023.2232435},
	author = {Viana, Cl{\'a}udia M. and Pontius Jr., Robert Gilmore and Rocha, Jorge}
}
@article {8776,
	title = {Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {501815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-01-2024},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL100191},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL100191},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Frederiks, Ryan and Hingst, Mary and Carr, Joel and Kirwan, Matt and Gedan, Keryn and Michael, Holly and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@inbook {hopkinson_global_2023,
	title = {Global Change and Estuarine Carbon Dynamics},
	booktitle = {Climate Change and Estuaries},
	year = {2023},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	organization = {CRC Press},
	abstract = {Carbon (C) is the central building block of all organic matter and the currency by which ecologists and biogeochemists often measure the performance of natural ecosystems and human-controlled systems, including forests, agriculture, and aquaculture. CO2 gas in the atmosphere plays a major role in defining the earth{\textquoteright}s climate and it is the global C cycle operating on geologic time scales that dictates its long-term concentration. Since the industrial revolution and the large-scale burning of fossil fuels in the 1800s, however, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by over 120 ppm and is now out of balance with geological cycles of weathering and subduction. This has led to an alteration of the earth{\textquoteright}s heat balance and temperature, which has been affecting the performance of all ecosystems. Here, we discuss the effects of climate change and many other human activities, such as land-use change, on estuarine C budgets and dynamics. We evaluate the processes of primary production, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, net ecosystem production, C burial, and the exchange of dissolved and particulate forms of organic and inorganic carbon with adjacent land and ocean realms. We examine a suite of external drivers (including nitrogen deposition, human population, river engineering, land use and land cover, climate variability and extreme events, and land management practices on the timing, quantity, and quality of watershed inputs to the coast. We examine drivers of estuarine ecosystem performance also, including light, temperature, precipitation, tides, currents, waves, and sea-level rise. Our interest is not only in the rates of key ecosystem processes, such as primary production, but also in the shift in the relative habitat makeup of estuarine ecosystems, including tidal wetlands, seagrass meadows, open water tidal creeks, sounds, and bays. Finally, we summarize a recently completed C budget for estuaries of the continental USA.},
	isbn = {978-1-00-312609-6},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003126096-11/global-change-estuarine-carbon-dynamics-charles-hopkinson-nathaniel-weston-wei-jun-cai},
	author = {Hopkinson, Charles and Weston, Nathaniel and Cai, Wei-Jun}
}
@article {8838,
	title = {Image-based machine learning for monitoring the dynamics of deltaic islands in the Atchafalaya River Delta Complex between 1991 and 2019},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {623},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-08-2023},
	pages = {129814},
	issn = {00221694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129814},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022169423007564},
	author = {Yang, Jiangjie and Dai, Zhijun and Lou, Yaying and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8835,
	title = {Large-scale sedimentary shift induced by a mega-dam in deltaic flats},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {11-29-2023},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.13168},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.13168},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Lou, Yaying and Mei, Xuefei and Ma, Binbin}
}
@article {jankowski_long-term_2023,
	title = {Long-Term Changes in Concentration and Yield of Riverine Dissolved Silicon From the Poles to the Tropics},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e2022GB007678},
	abstract = {Riverine exports of silicon (Si) influence global carbon cycling through the growth of marine diatoms, which account for \~{}25\% of global primary production. Climate change will likely alter river Si exports in biome-specific ways due to interacting shifts in chemical weathering rates, hydrologic connectivity, and metabolic processes in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Nonetheless, factors driving long-term changes in Si exports remain unexplored at local, regional, and global scales. We evaluated how concentrations and yields of dissolved Si (DSi) changed over the last several decades of rapid climate warming using long-term data sets from 60 rivers and streams spanning the globe (e.g., Antarctic, tropical, temperate, boreal, alpine, Arctic systems). We show that widespread changes in river DSi concentration and yield have occurred, with the most substantial shifts occurring in alpine and polar regions. The magnitude and direction of trends varied within and among biomes, were most strongly associated with differences in land cover, and were often independent of changes in river discharge. These findings indicate that there are likely diverse mechanisms driving change in river Si biogeochemistry that span the land-water interface, which may include glacial melt, changes in terrestrial vegetation, and river productivity. Finally, trends were often stronger in months outside of the growing season, particularly in temperate and boreal systems, demonstrating a potentially important role of shifting seasonality for the flux of Si from rivers. Our results have implications for the timing and magnitude of silica processing in rivers and its delivery to global oceans.},
	keywords = {and modeling, biogeochemical cycles, biogeochemistry, hydrologic time series analysis, impacts of global change, nutrients and nutrient cycling, processes, river, silica, trends},
	issn = {1944-9224},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GB007678},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GB007678},
	author = {Jankowski, Kathi Jo and Johnson, Keira and Sethna, Lienne and Julian, Paul and Wymore, Adam S. and Shogren, Arial J. and Thomas, Patrick K. and Sullivan, Pamela L. and McKnight, Diane M. and McDowell, William H. and Heindel, Ruth and Jones, Jeremy B. and Wollheim, Wilfred and Abbott, Benjamin and Deegan, Linda and Carey, Joanna C.}
}
@article {8840,
	title = {Microbial chemolithoautotrophs are abundant in salt marsh sediment following long-term experimental nitrate enrichment},
	journal = {FEMS Microbiology Letters},
	volume = {370},
	year = {2023},
	month = {May-01-2024},
	doi = {10.1093/femsle/fnad082},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/doi/10.1093/femsle/fnad082/7237467},
	author = {Vineis, Joseph H and Bulseco, Ashley N and Bowen, Jennifer L}
}
@article {rand_parasite_2023,
	title = {Parasite manipulation of host phenotypes inferred from transcriptional analyses in a trematode-amphipod system},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {5028{\textendash}5041},
	abstract = {Manipulation of host phenotypes by parasites is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy enhancing parasite transmission across hosts and generations. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms of manipulation is important to advance our understanding of host{\textendash}parasite coevolution. The trematode (Levinseniella byrdi) is known to alter the colour and behaviour of its amphipod host (Orchestia grillus) presumably increasing predation of amphipods which enhances trematode transmission through its life cycle. We sampled 24 infected and 24 uninfected amphipods from a salt marsh in Massachusetts to perform differential gene expression analysis. In addition, we constructed novel genomic tools for O. grillus including a de novo genome and transcriptome. We discovered that trematode infection results in upregulation of amphipod transcripts associated with pigmentation and detection of external stimuli, and downregulation of multiple amphipod transcripts implicated in invertebrate immune responses, such as vacuolar ATPase genes. We hypothesize that suppression of immune genes and the altered expression of genes associated with coloration and behaviour may allow the trematode to persist in the amphipod and engage in further biochemical manipulation that promotes transmission. The genomic tools and transcriptomic analyses reported provide new opportunities to discover how parasites alter diverse pathways underlying host phenotypic changes in natural populations.},
	keywords = {amphipod, differential expression, ecological genomics, host{\textendash}parasite co-evolution, infection response, Orchestia grillus, parasite manipulation, population genetics, trematode},
	issn = {1365-294X},
	doi = {10.1111/mec.17093},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.17093},
	author = {Rand, David M. and Nunez, Joaquin C. B. and Williams, Shawn and Rong, Stephen and Burley, John T. and Neil, Kimberly B. and Spierer, Adam N. and McKerrow, Wilson and Johnson, David S. and Raynes, Yevgeniy and Fayton, Thomas J. and Skvir, Nicholas and Ferranti, David A. and Zeff, Maya Greenhill and Lyons, Amanda and Okami, Naima and Morgan, David M. and Kinney, Kealohanuiopuna and Brown, Bianca R. P. and Giblin, Anne E. and Cardon, Zoe G.}
}
@article {8775,
	title = {Peat Decomposition and Erosion Contribute to Pond Deepening in a Temperate Salt Marsh},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {128171052},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-02-2023},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG007063},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JG007063},
	author = {Luk, Sheron and Eagle, Meagan J. and Mariotti, Giulio and Gosselin, Kelsey and Sanderman, Jonathan and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {8777,
	title = {Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-02-2025},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL101392},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL101392},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Passalacqua, Paola and Wright, Kyle and Salter, Gerard and Lamb, Michael P. and Jensen, Daniel and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {8794,
	title = {Recent Acceleration of Wetland Accretion and Carbon Accumulation Along the U.S. East Coast},
	journal = {Earth{\textquoteright}s Future},
	volume = {11151},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-03-2023},
	issn = {2328-4277},
	doi = {10.1029/2022EF003037},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022EF003037https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022EF003037},
	author = {Weston, Nathaniel B. and Rodriguez, Elise and Donnelly, Brian and Solohin, Elena and Jezycki, Kristen and Demberger, Sandra and Sutter, Lori A. and Morris, James T. and Neubauer, Scott C. and Craft, Christopher B.}
}
@article {8809,
	title = {Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after ice-rafting},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {710},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Apr-05-2023},
	pages = {57 - 70},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps14294},
	url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v710/p57-70/https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2023/710/m710p057.pdfhttps://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2023/710/m710p057.pdf},
	author = {Nordio, G and Fagherazzi, S}
}
@article {8844,
	title = {Salt marsh nitrogen cycling: where land meets sea},
	journal = {Trends in Microbiology},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-10-2023},
	issn = {0966842X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2023.09.010},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966842X23002706},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Bernhard, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Giblin, Anne E.}
}
@article {8836,
	title = {Sediment Exchange Across Coastal Barrier Landscapes Alters Ecosystem Extents},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {5017},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jul-17-2023},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2023GL103680},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL103680},
	author = {Reeves, I. R. B. and Moore, L. J. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S. and Kirwan, M. L.}
}
@article {8837,
	title = {Small Reservoirs as Nitrogen Transformers: Accounting for Seasonal Variability in Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Processing},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {12815},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-11-2023},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JG007635},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JG007635},
	author = {Whitney, Christopher T. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Gold, Arthur J. and Buonpane, Joshua M.}
}
@article {johnston_spatial_2023,
	title = {Spatial dimensions of water quality value in New England river networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e2120255119},
	abstract = {Households{\textquoteright} willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvements{\textemdash}representing their economic value{\textemdash}depends on where improvements occur. Households often hold higher values for improvements close to their homes or iconic areas. Are there other areas where improvements might hold high value to individual households, do effects on WTP vary by type of improvement, and can these areas be identified even if they are not anticipated by researchers? To answer these questions, we integrated a water quality model and map-based, interactive choice experiment to estimate households{\textquoteright} WTP for water quality improvements throughout a river network covering six New England states. The choice experiment was implemented using a push-to-web survey over a sample of New England households. Voting scenarios used to elicit WTP included interactive geographic information system (GIS) maps that illustrated three water quality measures at various zoom levels across the study domain. We captured data on how respondents maneuvered through these maps prior to answering the value-eliciting questions. Results show that WTP was influenced by regionwide quality improvements and improvements surrounding each respondent{\textquoteright}s home, as anticipated, but also by improvements in individualized locations identifiable via each respondent{\textquoteright}s map interactions. These spatial WTP variations only appear for low-quality rivers and are focused around particular areas of New England. The study shows that dynamic map interactions can convey salient information for WTP estimation and that predicting spatial WTP heterogeneity based primarily on home or iconic locations, as typically done, may overlook areas where water quality has high value.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2120255119},
	author = {Johnston, Robert J. and Moeltner, Klaus and Peery, Seth and Ndebele, Tom and Yao, Zhenyu and Crema, Stefano and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Besedin, Elena}
}
@article {8834,
	title = {Understandable multifunctionality measures using Hill numbers},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {20235},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-02-2023},
	issn = {0030-1299},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.v2023.i210.1111/oik.09402},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/16000706/2023/2},
	author = {Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Roger, Fabian and Bagchi, Robert}
}
@article {8771,
	title = {Are amphipods Orchestia grillus (Bosc, 1802) (Amphipoda: Talitridae) infected with the trematode Levinseniella byrdi (Heard, 1968) drawn to the light?},
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-06-2022},
	issn = {0278-0372},
	doi = {10.1093/jcbiol/ruac017},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/doi/10.1093/jcbiol/ruac017/6563377},
	author = {Johnson, David S}
}
@article {gourgue_biogeomorphic_2022,
	title = {Biogeomorphic modeling to assess the resilience of tidal-marsh restoration to sea level rise and sediment supply},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {531{\textendash}553},
	abstract = {There is an increasing demand for the creation and restoration of tidal marshes around the world, as they provide highly valued ecosystem services. Yet restored tidal marshes are strongly vulnerable to factors such as sea level rise and declining sediment supply. How fast the restored ecosystem develops, how resilient it is to sea level rise, and how this can be steered by restoration design are key questions that are typically challenging to assess due to the complex biogeomorphic feedback processes involved. In this paper, we apply a biogeomorphic model to a specific tidal-marsh restoration project planned by dike breaching. Our modeling approach integrates tidal hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics, accounting for relevant fine-scale flow{\textendash}vegetation interactions (less than 1 m2) and their impact on vegetation and landform development at the landscape scale (several km2) and in the long term (several decades). Our model performance is positively evaluated against observations of vegetation and geomorphic development in adjacent tidal marshes. Model scenarios demonstrate that the restored tidal marsh can keep pace with realistic rates of sea level rise and that its resilience is more sensitive to the availability of suspended sediments than to the rate of sea level rise. We further demonstrate that restoration design options can steer marsh resilience, as they affect the rates and spatial patterns of biogeomorphic development. By varying the width of two dike breaches, which serve as tidal inlets to the restored marsh, we show that a larger difference in the width of the two inlets leads to higher biogeomorphic diversity in restored habitats. This study showcases that biogeomorphic modeling can support management choices in restoration design to optimize tidal-marsh development towards sustainable restoration goals.},
	issn = {2196-6311},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-10-531-2022},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/10/531/2022/},
	author = {Gourgue, Olivier and van Belzen, Jim and Schwarz, Christian and Vandenbruwaene, Wouter and Vanlede, Joris and Belliard, Jean-Philippe and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and van de Koppel, Johan and Temmerman, Stijn}
}
@article {bogdan_biological_2022,
	title = {Biological {Networks} across {Scales}{\textemdash}{The} {Theoretical} and {Empirical} {Foundations} for {Time}-{Varying} {Complex} {Networks} that {Connect} {Structure} and {Function} across {Levels} of {Biological} {Organization}},
	journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
	volume = {61},
	number = {6},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {1991{\textendash}2010},
	abstract = {Abstract Many biological systems across scales of size and complexity exhibit a time-varying complex network structure that emerges and self-organizes as a result of interactions with the environment. Network interactions optimize some intrinsic cost functions that are unknown and involve for example energy efficiency, robustness, resilience, and frailty. A wide range of networks exist in biology, from gene regulatory networks important for organismal development, protein interaction networks that govern physiology and metabolism, and neural networks that store and convey information to networks of microbes that form microbiomes within hosts, animal contact networks that underlie social systems, and networks of populations on the landscape connected by migration. Increasing availability of extensive (big) data is amplifying our ability to quantify biological networks. Similarly, theoretical methods that describe network structure and dynamics are being developed. Beyond static networks representing snapshots of biological systems, collections of longitudinal data series can help either at defining and characterizing network dynamics over time or analyzing the dynamics constrained to networked architectures. Moreover, due to interactions with the environment and other biological systems, a biological network may not be fully observable. Also, subnetworks may emerge and disappear as a result of the need for the biological system to cope with for example invaders or new information flows. The confluence of these developments renders tractable the question of how the structure of biological networks predicts and controls network dynamics. In particular, there may be structural features that result in homeostatic networks with specific higher-order statistics (e.g., multifractal spectrum), which maintain stability over time through robustness and/or resilience to perturbation. Alternative, plastic networks may respond to perturbation by (adaptive to catastrophic) shifts in structure. Here, we explore the opportunity for discovering universal laws connecting the structure of biological networks with their function, positioning them on the spectrum of time-evolving network structure, that is, dynamics of networks, from highly stable to exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. If such general laws exist, they could transform our ability to predict the response of biological systems to perturbations{\textemdash}an increasingly urgent priority in the face of anthropogenic changes to the environment that affect life across the gamut of organizational scales.},
	issn = {1540-7063, 1557-7023},
	doi = {10.1093/icb/icab069},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/61/6/1991/6281074},
	author = {Bogdan, Paul and Caetano-Anoll{\'e}s, Gustavo and Jolles, Anna and Kim, Hyunju and Morris, James and Murphy, Cheryl A and Royer, Catherine and Snell, Edward H and Steinbrenner, Adam and Strausfeld, Nicholas}
}
@article {liu_biotic_2022,
	title = {Biotic and abiotic factors control the geomorphic characteristics of channel networks in salt marshes},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {89{\textendash}101},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11977},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11977},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Gourgue, Olivier and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {robison_dominance_2022,
	title = {Dominance of {Diffusive} {Methane} {Emissions} {From} {Lowland} {Headwater} {Streams} {Promotes} {Oxidation} and {Isotopic} {Enrichment}},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {791305},
	abstract = {Inland waters are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere, yet the contribution from small streams to this flux is not clearly defined. To fully understand CH 4 emissions from streams and rivers, we must consider the relative importance of CH 4 emission pathways, the prominence of microbially-mediated production and oxidation of CH 4 , and the isotopic signature of emitted CH 4 . Here, we construct a complete CH 4 emission budgets for four lowland headwater streams by quantifying diffusive CH 4 emissions and comparing them to previously published rates of ebullitive emissions. We also examine the isotopic composition of CH 4 along with the sediment microbial community to investigate production and oxidation across the streams. We find that all four streams are supersaturated with respect to CH 4 with diffusive emissions accounting for approximately 78{\textendash}100\% of total CH 4 emissions. Isotopic and microbial data suggest CH 4 oxidation is prevalent across the streams, depleting approximately half of the dissolved CH 4 pool before emission. We propose a conceptual model of CH 4 production, oxidation, and emission from small streams, where the dominance of diffusive emissions is greater compared to other aquatic ecosystems, and the impact of CH 4 oxidation is observable in the emitted isotopic values. As a result, we suggest the CH 4 emitted from small streams is isotopically heavy compared to lentic ecosystems. Our results further demonstrate streams are important components of the global CH 4 cycle yet may be characterized by a unique pattern of cycling and emission that differentiate them from other aquatic ecosystems.},
	issn = {2296-665X},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2021.791305},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.791305/full},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Perryman, Clarice R. and Cotter, Annie R. and Mackay, Jessica E. and Varner, Ruth K. and Clarizia, Paige and Ernakovich, Jessica G.}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi_ecogeomorphology_2022,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445 {\textendash} 462},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Belowground biomass Ecogeomorphology Halophyte vegetation Nutrient enrichment Root scalping Salt marsh Sea level rise Tidal channels Tides and wind waves},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00194-2},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345001942?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T. J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Lesser, J.S. and Nelson, J.A.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@inbook {testa_estuarine_2022,
	title = {Estuarine Ecosystem Metabolism},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Ecology, 3rd. Edition},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	organization = {Wiley},
	edition = {3},
	abstract = {Estuarine Ecology A detailed and accessible exploration of the fundamentals and the latest advances in estuarine ecology In the newly revised third edition of Estuarine Ecology, a team of distinguished ecologists presents the current knowledge in estuarine ecology with particular emphasis on recent trends and advances. The book is accessible to undergraduate students while also providing a welcome summary of up-to-date content for a more advanced readership. This latest edition is optimized for classroom use, with a more intuitive mode of presentation that takes into account feedback from the previous edition{\textquoteright}s readers. Review questions and exercises have been added to assist in the learning and retention of complex concepts. Estuarine Ecology remains the gold standard for the discipline by taking stock of the manifold scientific breakthroughs made in the field since the last edition was written. It also offers: Thorough introductions to estuarine geomorphology, circulation, and chemistry In-depth treatments of estuarine primary and secondary production, including coastal marshes and mangrove wetlands A holistic view of estuarine ecosystems, their modeling and analysis, as well as the impact of human activities and climate change A companion website with detailed answers to exercise questions Perfect for students of estuarine ecology, environmental science, fisheries science, oceanography, and natural resource management, Estuarine Ecology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals, government employees, and consultants working on estuary and wetlands management and conservation.},
	isbn = {978-1-119-53465-5},
	url = {https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Estuarine+Ecology\%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9781119534655},
	author = {Testa, Jeremy M. and Hopkinson, Charles S. and Stӕhr, Peter A. and Weston, Nathaniel}
}
@article {cortese_fetch_2022,
	title = {Fetch and distance from the bay control accretion and erosion patterns in Terrebonne marshes (Louisiana, USA)},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1455{\textendash}1465},
	abstract = {Wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta are rapidly degrading. Sea level rise and low sediment supply are widely recognized as the two main factors contributing to land-to-water conversion. To determine what marsh areas are more resilient, it is fundamental to identify the drivers that regulate marsh accretion and degradation. In this study, a combination of field data and aerial images is used to determine these drivers in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana, USA. We find that accretion and degradation patterns depend on whether the marsh is located inland in a sheltered area or facing open water. In the first case, the distance to the nearby channel is important, because during flooding of the marsh platform more sediment is deposited in the proximity of channel banks. The accretion rates of marshes facing open water are high and correlate to fetch, a proxy for the ability of waves to resuspend bottom sediment. These areas are more resilient to sea level rise, but waves are also the main mechanism of degradation, as these marshes tend to degrade by edge erosion. Consequently, we propose a bimodal evolution trajectory of the marshes in Terrebonne Bay: marshes close to the bay and facing open water accrete rapidly but are affected by lateral erosion due to waves, whereas sheltered marshes accrete slowly and degrade in large swathes due to insufficient sediment supply.},
	keywords = {CRMS, marsh accretion, marsh erosion, Mississippi River Delta Plain, waves},
	issn = {1096-9837},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.5327},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.5327},
	author = {CORTESE, LUCA and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {mulukutla_high-frequency_2022,
	title = {High-{Frequency} {Concurrent} {Measurements} in {Watershed} and {Impaired} {Estuary} {Reveal} {Coupled} {DOC} and {Decoupled} {Nitrate} {Dynamics}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {445{\textendash}461},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-00965-8},
	author = {Mulukutla, Gopal K. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Salisbury, Joseph E. and Carey, Richard O. and Gregory, Thomas K. and McDowell, William H.}
}
@article {wang_hydro-morphodynamics_2022,
	title = {Hydro-morphodynamics triggered by extreme riverine floods in a mega fluvial-tidal delta},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {809},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {152076},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152076},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721071527},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Liu, Xiaoqiang}
}
@article {zhang_improving_2022,
	title = {Improving Channel Hydrological Connectivity in Coastal Hydrodynamic Models With Remotely Sensed Channel Networks},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JF006294},
	abstract = {Coastal wetlands are nourished by rivers and periodical tidal flows through complex, interconnected channels. However, in hydrodynamic models, channel dimensions with respect to model grid size and uncertainties in topography preclude the correct propagation of tidal and riverine signals. It is therefore crucial to enhance channel geomorphic connectivity and simplify sub-channel features based on remotely sensed networks for practical computational applications. Here, we utilize channel networks derived from diverse remote sensing imagery as a baseline to build a \~{}10 m resolution hydrodynamic model that covers the Wax Lake Delta and adjacent wetlands (\~{}360 km2) in coastal Louisiana, USA. In this richly gauged system, intensive calibrations are conducted with 18 synchronous field-observations of water levels taken in 2016, and discharge data taken in 2021. We modify channel geometry, targeting realism in channel connectivity. The results show that a minimum channel depth of 2 m and a width of four grid elements (approximatively 40 m) are required to enable a realistic tidal propagation in wetland channels. The optimal depth for tidal propagation can be determined by a simplified cost function method that evaluates the competition between flow travel time and alteration of the volume of the channels. The integration of high spatial-resolution models and remote sensing imagery provides a general framework to improve models performance in salt marshes, mangroves, deltaic wetlands, and tidal flats.},
	keywords = {channel geometry, coastal numerical model, cost function, flow propagation, model performance, remote-sensed channel network},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JF006294},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JF006294},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Wright, Kyle and Passalacqua, Paola and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {alizad_integrated_2022,
	title = {Integrated Modeling of Dynamic Marsh Feedbacks and Evolution Under Sea-Level Rise in a Mesotidal Estuary (Plum Island, MA, USA)},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2022WR032225},
	abstract = {Around the world, wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise (SLR) depends on different factors including tidal regimes, topography, creeks and estuary geometry, sediment availability, vegetation type, etc. The Plum Island estuary (PIE) is a mesotidal wetland system on the east coast of the United States. This research applied a newly updated Hydro-MEM (integrated hydrodynamic-marsh) model to assess the impacts of intermediate-low (50 cm), intermediate (1 m), and intermediate-high (1.5 m) SLR on marsh evolution by the year 2100. Model advancements include capturing vegetation change, inorganic and below and aboveground organic matter portion of marsh platform accretion, and mudflat creation. Although the results indicate a low vulnerability marsh at the PIE, the vegetation changes from high to low marsh under all SLR scenarios (2\%{\textendash}22\%), with the higher bounds belonging to higher rise scenarios. Lower SLR produces more productive marsh (13\% gain in high productivity regions), whereas the highest SLR scenario causes increased tidal inundation, which leads to loss in productivity (12\% change from high to low productivity regions), generation of mudflats (17\% of the domain land), and marsh migration to higher lands. Sensitive nonlinear tidal flow changes, which may be increased or decreased with SLR as a result of mudflat creation, marsh migration, and bottom friction change, emphasize the importance of integrated modeling approaches that include dynamic marsh feedbacks in hydrodynamic modeling and varying hydrodynamic effects on the marsh system.},
	keywords = {hydro-MEM, mesotidal system, salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	issn = {1944-7973},
	doi = {10.1029/2022WR032225},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022WR032225},
	author = {Alizad, Karim and Morris, James T. and Bilskie, Matthew V. and Passeri, Davina L. and Hagen, Scott C.}
}
@article {gaiser_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term ecological research and the COVID-19 anthropause: A window to understanding social{\textendash}ecological disturbance},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e4019},
	abstract = {The period of disrupted human activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, coined the {\textquotedblleft}anthropause,{\textquotedblright} altered the nature of interactions between humans and ecosystems. It is uncertain how the anthropause has changed ecosystem states, functions, and feedback to human systems through shifts in ecosystem services. Here, we used an existing disturbance framework to propose new investigation pathways for coordinated studies of distributed, long-term social-ecological research to capture effects of the anthropause. Although it is still too early to comprehensively evaluate effects due to pandemic-related delays in data availability and ecological response lags, we detail three case studies that show how long-term data can be used to document and interpret changes in air and water quality and wildlife populations and behavior coinciding with the anthropause. These early findings may guide interpretations of effects of the anthropause as it interacts with other ongoing environmental changes in the future, particularly highlighting the importance of long-term data in separating disturbance impacts from natural variation and long-term trends. Effects of this global disturbance have local to global effects on ecosystems with feedback to social systems that may be detectable at spatial scales captured by nationally to globally distributed research networks.},
	keywords = {ecosystems, feedback, LTER, press, pulse, recovery, reorganization, resilience},
	issn = {2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecs2.4019},
	author = {Gaiser, Evelyn E. and Kominoski, John S. and McKnight, Diane M. and Bahlai, Christie A. and Cheng, Chingwen and Record, Sydne and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Christianson, Kyle R. and Downs, Martha R. and Hawman, Peter A. and Holbrook, Sally J. and Kumar, Abhishek and Mishra, Deepak R. and Molotch, Noah P. and Primack, Richard B. and Rassweiler, Andrew and Schmitt, Russell J. and Sutter, Lori A.}
}
@article {liu_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term variations in water discharge and sediment load of the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {The water discharge and sediment load have been increasingly altered by climate change and human activities in recent decades. For the Pearl River, however, long-term variations in the sediment regime, especially in the last decade, remain poorly known. Here we updated knowledge of the temporal trends in the sediment regime of the Pearl River at annual, seasonal and monthly time scales from the 1950s to 2020. Results show that the annual sediment load and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) exhibited drastically decreased, regardless of water discharge. Compared with previous studies, we also found that sediment load and SSC reached a conspicuous peak in the 1980s, and showed a significant decline starting in the 2000s and 1990s, respectively. In the last decade, however, water discharge and sediment load showed slightly increasing trends. At the seasonal scale, the wet-season water discharge displays a decreasing trend, while the dry-season water discharge is increasing. At the monthly scale, the flood seasons in the North and East Rivers typically occur one month earlier than that in the West River due to the different precipitation regimes. Precipitation was responsible for the long-term change of discharge, while human activities (e.g. dam construction and land use change) exerted different effects on the variations in sediment load among different periods. Changes in the sediment regime have exerted substantial influences on downstream channel morphology and saltwater intrusion in the Greater Bay Area. Our study proposes a watershed-based solution, and provides scientific guidelines for the sustainable development of the Greater Bay Area.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.983517},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Liu, Xinhui and Shao, Dongdong and Miao, Chiyuan and Cai, Yanzi and Hou, Congyu and Liu, Yeling and Li, Xia and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {xu_modeling_2022,
	title = {Modeling the Dynamics of Salt Marsh Development in Coastal Land Reclamation},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021GL095559},
	abstract = {The valuable ecosystem services of salt marshes are spurring marsh restoration projects around the world. However, it is difficult to determine the final vegetated area based on physical drivers. Herein, we use a 3D fully coupled vegetation-hydrodynamic-morphological modeling system to simulate the final vegetation cover and the timescale to reach it under various forcing conditions. Marsh development in our simulations can be divided in three distinctive phases: A preparation phase characterized by sediment accumulation in the absence of vegetation, an encroachment phase in which the vegetated area grows, and an adjustment phase in which the vegetated area remains relatively constant while marsh accretes vertically to compensate for sea level rise. Sediment concentration, settling velocity, sea level rise, and tidal range each comparably affect equilibrium coverage and timescale in different ways. Our simulations show that the Unvegetated-Vegetated Ratio also relates to sediment budget in marsh development under most conditions.},
	keywords = {COAWST, expectance of marsh coverage, land reclamation, marsh restoration, phases of marsh development, vegetation dynamics},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GL095559},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL095559},
	author = {Xu, Yiyang and Kalra, Tarandeep S. and Ganju, Neil K. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi__modelling_2022,
	title = {Modelling Tidal Environments},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {62{\textendash}82},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {Estuary Inlet Morphodynamics Numerical model Salt marsh Sediment transport Tidal channel Tidal flat Tidal landforms Tides},
	isbn = {9780128182352},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00097-3},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345000973?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N. and Carniello, L. and Canestrelli, A. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Nardin, W.},
	editor = {Shroder, J.F.}
}
@article {wang_novel_2022,
	title = {A novel approach to discriminate sedimentary characteristics of deltaic tidal flats with terrestrial laser scanner: Results from a case study},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1626{\textendash}1648},
	abstract = {Sediments in deltaic tidal flats regulate physical and chemical processes. Grain-size distribution plays an important role in determining sediment dynamics and substrate properties. However, it is challenging to quantify large-scale depositional environments in intertidal flats, due to time-consuming grain-size analyses and sparse sedimentary information extracted from scattered sediment samples. In this study, a novel terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) based method was developed to characterize the substrate of an intertidal flat. Surface sediment samples in the Nanhui flats in the Yangtze Delta, China, and the corresponding waveform amplitudes of TLS echoes at fixed sampling sites were collected for a total of 22 months. A negative logarithmic relationship was found between the sediment sand fraction, average grain size, D50, and corrected waveform amplitude of TLS echo in different hydro-meteorological conditions. The mean of average grain size of five sediment sampling sites along a transect was 58.78 μm when measured by traditional grain-size analysis, and 49.48 μm when calculated with the proposed logarithmic equation. The mean error at each site was up to 21.77\%. The mean error for the sand and silt fraction at each location was as high as 27.28\% and 21.75\%, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of TLS-based average grain size in the entire study area was consistent with the measured pattern with a Root Mean Square Error of 13.83 μm. These errors could be caused by the accuracy of the TLS waveform amplitude correction and by limits of the method in recognizing different substrates. The effects produced by the presence of microphytobenthos (for example, cyanobacterial mats or diatom biofilms) or bedforms have not been investigated and may have affected the results. The TLS-based grain-size measurements can rapidly and effectively discriminate sediment characteristics, thus avoiding traditional time-consuming measurements. It is expected that the TLS-based method proposed here will have wide applications in shoreline studies, especially in inaccessible tidal flats.},
	keywords = {Grain-size distribution, inversion, sediments, terrestrial laser scanner, tidal flats},
	issn = {1365-3091},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12970},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sed.12970},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Long, Chuqi}
}
@phdthesis {8662,
	title = {Nutrient influence on microbial structure and function within salt marsh sediments},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2022},
	school = {Northeastern University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	keywords = {community dynamics, LTER-PIE, microbes, nutrients, salt marsh, sediments},
	author = {Vineis, J. H}
}
@article {stopak_quantifying_2022,
	title = {Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {5499},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are vulnerable to sea-level rise, sediment deficits, and storm impacts. To remain vertically resilient, salt marshes must accrete sediment at rates greater or equal to sea-level rise. Ice-rafted debris (IRD), sediment that has been moved and deposited from ice sheets, is one of many processes that contribute to salt marsh sediment accretion in northern latitudes. On 4 January 2018, a winter storm caused major ice mobilization in the Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, USA, which led to large deposits of ice-rafted sediment. We aimed to quantify the volume and mass of deposited sediment, and evaluate the significance of IRD to sediment supply in Plum Island using pixel-based land-cover classification of aerial imagery collected by an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and a Digital Elevation Model. Field measurements of patch thickness, and the area of IRD determined from the classification were used to estimate annual sediment accretion from IRD. Results show that IRD deposits are localized in three areas, and estimates show that IRD contributes an annual sediment accretion rate of 0.57 {\textpm} 0.14 mm/y to the study site. New England salt marsh accretion rates typically vary between 2{\textendash}10 mm/y, and the average PIE sediment accretion rate is 2.5{\textendash}2.7 mm/y. Therefore, this event contributed on average 20\% of the annual volume of material accreted by salt marshes, although locally the deposit thickness was 8{\textendash}14 times the annual accretion rate. We show that pixel-based classification can be a useful tool for identifying sediment deposits from remote sensing. Additionally, we suggest that IRD has the potential to bring a significant supply of sediment to salt marshes in northern latitudes and contribute to sediment accretion. As remotely sensed aerial imagery from UASs becomes more readily available, this method can be used to efficiently identify and quantify deposited sediment.},
	keywords = {pixel-based classification, salt marshes, sediment transport, storms},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs14215499},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5499},
	author = {Stopak, Sarah and Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {huang_removal_2022,
	title = {Removal of {Fecal} {Indicator} {Bacteria} by {River} {Networks}},
	journal = {Water},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {617},
	abstract = {Fecal contamination is a significant source of water quality impairment globally. Aquatic ecosystems can provide an important ecosystem service of fecal contamination removal. Understanding the processes that regulate the removal of fecal contamination among river networks across flow conditions is critical. We applied a river network model, the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES-Ecoli), to quantify removal of fecal indicator bacteria by river networks across flow conditions during summers in a series of New England watersheds of different characteristics. FrAMES-Ecoli simulates sources, transport, and riverine removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Aquatic E. coli removal was simulated in both the water column and the hyporheic zone, and is a function of hydraulic conditions, flow exchange rates with the hyporheic zone, and die-off in each compartment. We found that, at the river network scale during summers, removal by river networks can be high (19{\textendash}99\%) with variability controlled by hydrologic conditions, watershed size, and distribution of sources in the watershed. Hydrology controls much of the variability, with 68{\textendash}99\% of network scale inputs removed under base flow conditions and 19{\textendash}85\% removed during storm events. Removal by the water column alone could not explain the observed pattern in E. coli, suggesting that processes such as hyporheic removal must be considered. These results suggest that river network removal of fecal indicator bacteria should be taken into consideration in managing fecal contamination at critical downstream receiving waters.},
	issn = {2073-4441},
	doi = {10.3390/w14040617},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/617},
	author = {Huang, Tao and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Jones, Stephen H.}
}
@article {reed_responses_2022,
	title = {Responses of Coastal Ecosystems to Climate Change: Insights from Long-Term Ecological Research},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {871{\textendash}888},
	abstract = {Coastal ecosystems play a disproportionately large role in society, and climate change is altering their ecological structure and function, as well as their highly valued goods and services. In the present article, we review the results from decade-scale research on coastal ecosystems shaped by foundation species (e.g., coral reefs, kelp forests, coastal marshes, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, barrier islands) to show how climate change is altering their ecological attributes and services. We demonstrate the value of site-based, long-term studies for quantifying the resilience of coastal systems to climate forcing, identifying thresholds that cause shifts in ecological state, and investigating the capacity of coastal ecosystems to adapt to climate change and the biological mechanisms that underlie it. We draw extensively from research conducted at coastal ecosystems studied by the US Long Term Ecological Research Network, where long-term, spatially extensive observational data are coupled with shorter-term mechanistic studies to understand the ecological consequences of climate change.},
	issn = {0006-3568},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biac006},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac006},
	author = {Reed, Daniel C and Schmitt, Russell J and Burd, Adrian B and Burkepile, Deron E and Kominoski, John S and McGlathery, Karen J and Miller, Robert J and Morris, James T and Zinnert, Julie C}
}
@article {nordio_salinity_2022,
	title = {Salinity increases with water table elevation at the boundary between salt marsh and forest},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {608},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {127576},
	abstract = {The migration of salt marshes into forests along coastal regions is nowadays well documented. Sea level rise and storms threaten coastal forests by increasing groundwater levels and salinity. Salinization is the main cause of forest conversion to salt marsh in North America. In this paper we study groundwater levels and salinity in two wells installed at the border between forest and salt marsh in the lower Delmarva peninsula, USA. The upper well is located in the regenerative forest, where recruitment is still possible, while the lower well is located in the persistent forest, where only mature trees survive. Groundwater in the upper well is fresh at the root depth, while in the lower well the mean salinity is 8 ppt. Our data suggest that rainfall has an instantaneous effect on salinity and groundwater levels, but it does not affect salinity and groundwater levels on longer periods (weeks to months). Groundwater levels and salinity reflect the hydraulic gradient toward the marsh (a proxy for outgoing water fluxes), the uphill hydraulic gradient (a proxy for incoming water fluxes) and temperature (a proxy for evapotranspiration). Salinity increases when groundwater levels are high. To explain this result, we put forward the hypothesis that a high water table favors the flux of surficial, fresh water to the marsh, and loss of freshwater by evapotranspiration. These losses are likely replenished by saltier water moving at depth.},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127576},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422001512},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nordio_storm_2022,
	title = {Storm Surge and Tidal Dissipation in Deltaic Wetlands Bordering a Main Channel},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2021JC017655},
	abstract = {Deltas are complex systems where tidal and riverine signals interact with each other. In river-dominated deltas, where river discharge is sufficiently high, tidal amplitude is attenuated and distorted. Here we use wavelet analysis to examine the water level signal in stations located in wetlands adjacent to the main river outlet in the Wax Lake system, part of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, USA. We study the signal attenuation in lateral wetlands at different frequency bands, following the propagation of the water level signal from the Gulf of Mexico to the innermost stations. During high river discharge, the astronomical tide measured inside the wetlands is reduced of 90\%{\textendash}98\% in comparison to the tide in Atchafalaya Bay. Storm surge events, largely occurring at lower temporal frequencies, propagate conserving their energy once the signal enters the delta mouth. The river discharge signal, mostly present at frequencies lower than 1.59 μHz, is felt depending on river discharge conditions and the station position within the wetlands. Our results suggest that lateral wetlands in the Wax Lake system act as a low pass filter, attenuating tidal components but not the low frequency components of storm surges.},
	keywords = {Energy attenuation, storm surge, Tide, Wavelet transform analysis, wetland},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC017655},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JC017655},
	author = {Nordio, Giovanna and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wollheim_superlinear_2022,
	title = {Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1230},
	abstract = {River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z},
	author = {Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Robison, Andrew L. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Helton, Ashley M. and Song, Chao and Bowden, William B. and Finlay, Jacques C.}
}
@article {Byrnes2022.03.17.484802,
	title = {Understandable Multifunctionality Measures Using Hill Numbers},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {e09402},
	year = {2022},
	publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
	abstract = {In ecology, multifunctionality measures the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to quantify multifunctionality, successively attempting to alleviate problems that have been identified with the previous methods. This has led to a proliferation of more-or-less closely related metrics which, however, lack an overarching theoretical framework. Here we borrow from the comprehensive framework of species diversity to derive a new metric of multifunctionality. Analogously to the effective number of species used to quantify species diversity, the metric we propose is influenced both by the number of functions as well as, crucially, the evenness of performance levels across functions. In addition, the effective multifunctionality also considers the average level at which the functions are performed. The result is a measure of the cumulative performance of the system were all functions provided equally. The framework allows for the inclusion of the correlation structure among functions, thus allowing to account for non-independence between functions. We show that the average metric is a special case of the newly proposed metric when all functions are uncorrelated and performed at equal levels. We hope that by providing a new metric of multifunctionality anchored in the rigorous framework of species diversity based on effective numbers, we will overcome the considerable skepticism that the larger community of ecologists has built against indices of multifunctionality. We thereby hope to help popularize this important concept which, as biological diversity, describes a fundamental property of ecosystems and thus lies at the heart of ecology.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.09402},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.09402},
	author = {Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Roger, Fabian and Bagchi, Robert}
}
@article {zhang_using_2022,
	title = {Using rapid repeat {SAR} interferometry to improve hydrodynamic models of flood propagation in coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {159},
	year = {2022},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {104088},
	issn = {03091708},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104088},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170821002402},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Jones, Cathleen E. and Oliver-Cabrera, Talib and Simard, Marc and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {khallaghi_area_2021,
	title = {Area method compared with {Transect} method to measure shoreline movement},
	journal = {Geocarto International},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {1{\textendash}22},
	issn = {1010-6049, 1752-0762},
	doi = {10.1080/10106049.2021.1926556},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2021.1926556},
	author = {Khallaghi, Sam and Pontius, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {mori_biodiversityproductivity_2021,
	title = {Biodiversity{\textendash}productivity relationships are key to nature-based climate solutions},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	volume = {11},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {543{\textendash}550},
	issn = {1758-678X, 1758-6798},
	doi = {10.1038/s41558-021-01062-1},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01062-1},
	author = {Mori, Akira S. and Dee, Laura E. and Gonzalez, Andrew and Ohashi, Haruka and Cowles, Jane and Wright, Alexandra J. and Loreau, Michel and Hautier, Yann and Newbold, Tim and Reich, Peter B. and Matsui, Tetsuya and Takeuchi, Wataru and Okada, Kei-ichi and Seidl, Rupert and Isbell, Forest}
}
@article {wittyngham_biotic_2021,
	title = {Biotic {Recovery} {Following} {Ice}-{Rafting} in a {Salt} {Marsh}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2021},
	month = {nov},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-01023-z},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-01023-z},
	author = {Wittyngham, Serina S. and Pant, Manisha and Mart{\'\i}nez-Soto, Kayla and Johnson, David S.}
}
@phdthesis {robison_methane_2021,
	title = {Carbon emissions from streams and rivers: Integrating methane emission pathways and storm carbon dioxide emissions into stream and river carbon balances},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2021},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {phdthesis},
	author = {Robison, Andrew}
}
@article {colombano_climate_2021,
	title = {Climate {Change} {Implications} for {Tidal} {Marshes} and {Food} {Web} {Linkages} to {Estuarine} and {Coastal} {Nekton}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1637{\textendash}1648},
	abstract = {Abstract Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future.},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00891-1},
	author = {Colombano, Denise D. and Litvin, Steven Y. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Alford, Scott B. and Baker, Ronald and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Lesser, Justin S. and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Pahl, James W. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Staver, Lorie W. and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J.}
}
@article {tornqvist_coastal_2021,
	title = {Coastal {Wetland} {Resilience}, {Accelerated} {Sea}-{Level} {Rise}, and the {Importance} of {Timescale}},
	journal = {AGU Advances},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {mar},
	issn = {2576-604X, 2576-604X},
	doi = {10.1029/2020AV000334},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020AV000334},
	author = {T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E. and Cahoon, Donald R. and Morris, James T. and Day, John W.}
}
@article {tornqvist_coastal_2021,
	title = {Coastal Wetland Resilience, Accelerated Sea-Level Rise, and the Importance of Timescale},
	journal = {AGU Advances},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2020AV000334},
	abstract = {Recent studies have produced conflicting results as to whether coastal wetlands can keep up with present-day and future sea-level rise. The stratigraphic record shows that threshold rates for coastal wetland submergence or retreat are lower than what instrumental records suggest, with wetland extent that shrinks considerably under high rates of sea-level rise. These apparent conflicts can be reconciled by recognizing that many coastal wetlands still possess sufficient elevation capital to cope with sea-level rise, and that processes like sediment compaction, ponding, and wave erosion require multidecadal or longer timescales to drive wetland loss that is in many cases inevitable.},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, sea-level rise},
	issn = {2576-604X},
	doi = {10.1029/2020AV000334},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020AV000334},
	author = {T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E. and Cahoon, Donald R. and Morris, James T. and Day, John W.}
}
@article {iwaniec_connectivity_2021,
	title = {Connectivity: insights from the {U}.{S}. {Long} {Term} {Ecological} {Research} {Network}},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {12},
	number = {5},
	year = {2021},
	month = {may},
	issn = {2150-8925, 2150-8925},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.3432},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3432},
	author = {Iwaniec, David M. and Gooseff, Michael and Suding, Katharine N. and Samuel Johnson, David and Reed, Daniel C. and Peters, Debra P. C. and Adams, Byron and Barrett, John E. and Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. and Castorani, Max C. N. and Cook, Elizabeth M. and Davidson, Melissa J. and Groffman, Peter M. and Hanan, Niall P. and Huenneke, Laura F. and Johnson, Pieter T. J. and McKnight, Diane M. and Miller, Robert J. and Okin, Gregory S. and Preston, Daniel L. and Rassweiler, Andrew and Ray, Chris and Sala, Osvaldo E. and Schooley, Robert L. and Seastedt, Timothy and Spasojevic, Marko J. and Vivoni, Enrique R.}
}
@article {lesser_cross-habitat_2021,
	title = {Cross-habitat access modifies the {\textquoteleft}trophic relay{\textquoteright} in {New} {England} saltmarsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Food Webs},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {e00206},
	issn = {23522496},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00206},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352249621000197},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and Floyd, Olivia and Fedors, Katrina and Deegan, Linda A. and Johnson, David S. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {avolio_determinants_2021,
	title = {Determinants of community compositional change are equally affected by global change},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {24},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1892{\textendash}1904},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.13824},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13824},
	author = {Avolio, Meghan L. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Collins, Scott L. and Grman, Emily and Koerner, Sally E. and Tredennick, Andrew T. and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Baer, Sara and Boughton, Elizabeth H. and Britton, Andrea J. and Foster, Bryan and Gough, Laura and Hovenden, Mark and Isbell, Forest and Jentsch, Anke and Johnson, David S. and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Langley, J. Adam and Lortie, Christopher and McCulley, Rebecca L. and McLaren, Jennie R. and Reich, Peter B. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suding, Katharine N. and Suttle, K. Blake and Tognetti, Pedro M.},
	editor = {Anderson, Marti}
}
@article {8664,
	title = {Diel light cycles affect phytoplankton competition in the global ocean},
	journal = {BioRxiv},
	volume = {2021.05.19.444874},
	year = {2021},
	type = {preprint},
	keywords = {biogeography, competition, growth rates, light cycles, LTER-PIE, nutrients, phytoplankton},
	doi = {10.1101/2021.05.19.444874 },
	author = {Tsakalakis, I. and Follows, J. and Dutkiewicz, S. and Follett, C.L and Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {evenden_encoding_2021,
	title = {Encoding a {Categorical} {Independent} {Variable} for {Input} to {TerrSet}{\textquoteright}s {Multi}-{Layer} {Perceptron}},
	journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
	volume = {10},
	number = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {686},
	abstract = {The profession debates how to encode a categorical variable for input to machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks. A conventional approach is to convert a categorical variable into a collection of binary variables, which causes a burdensome number of correlated variables. TerrSet{\textquoteright}s Land Change Modeler proposes encoding a categorical variable onto the continuous closed interval from 0 to 1 based on each category{\textquoteright}s Population Evidence Likelihood (PEL) for input to the Multi-Layer Perceptron, which is a type of neural network. We designed examples to test the wisdom of these encodings. The results show that encoding a categorical variable based on each category{\textquoteright}s Sample Empirical Probability (SEP) produces results similar to binary encoding and superior to PEL encoding. The Multi-Layer Perceptron{\textquoteright}s sigmoidal smoothing function can cause PEL encoding to produce nonsensical results, while SEP encoding produces straightforward results. We reveal the encoding methods by illustrating how a dependent variable gains across an independent variable that has four categories. The results show that PEL can differ substantially from SEP in ways that have important implications for practical extrapolations. If users must encode a categorical variable for input to a neural network, then we recommend SEP encoding, because SEP efficiently produces outputs that make sense.},
	issn = {2220-9964},
	doi = {10.3390/ijgi10100686},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/10/686},
	author = {Evenden, Emily and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {ziegler_geographic_2021,
	title = {Geographic {Variation} in {Salt} {Marsh} {Structure} and {Function} for {Nekton}: a {Guide} to {Finding} {Commonality} {Across} {Multiple} {Scales}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1497{\textendash}1507},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00894-y},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00894-y},
	author = {Ziegler, Shelby L. and Baker, Ronald and Crosby, Sarah C. and Colombano, Denise D. and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Deegan, Linda A. and Gilby, Ben L. and Mallick, Debbrota and Martin, Charles W. and Nelson, James A. and Reinhardt, James F. and Simenstad, Charles A. and Waltham, Nathan J. and Worthington, Thomas A. and Rozas, Lawrence P.}
}
@article {cahoon_how_2021,
	title = {How {Plants} {Influence} {Resilience} of {Salt} {Marsh} and {Mangrove} {Wetlands} to {Sea}-{Level} {Rise}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {4},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {883{\textendash}898},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w},
	author = {Cahoon, Donald R. and McKee, Karen L. and Morris, James T.}
}
@article {shafizadeh-moghadam_integrating_2021,
	title = {Integrating a {Forward} {Feature} {Selection} algorithm, {Random} {Forest}, and {Cellular} {Automata} to extrapolate urban growth in the {Tehran}-{Karaj} {Region} of {Iran}},
	journal = {Computers, Environment and Urban Systems},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2021},
	month = {may},
	pages = {101595},
	issn = {01989715},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101595},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0198971521000028},
	author = {Shafizadeh-Moghadam, Hossein and Minaei, Masoud and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore and Asghari, Ali and Dadashpoor, Hashem}
}
@article {sangermano_linking_2021,
	title = {Linking land change model evaluation to model objective for the assessment of land cover change impacts on biodiversity},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2707{\textendash}2723},
	issn = {0921-2973, 1572-9761},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-021-01251-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-021-01251-5},
	author = {Sangermano, Florencia and Pontius, Robert Gilmore and Chaitman, Jamieson and Meneghini, Aaron}
}
@inbook {morris_marsh_2021,
	title = {Marsh Equilibrium Theory: Implications for Responses to Rising Sea Level},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {157{\textendash}177},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {The analysis presented here was motivated by an objective of describing the interactions between the physical and biological processes governing the responses of tidal wetlands to rising sea level and the ensuing equilibrium elevation. We define equilibrium here as meaning that the elevation of the vegetated surface relative to mean sea level (MSL) remains within the vertical range of tolerance of the vegetation on decadal time scales or longer. The equilibrium is dynamic, and constantly responding to short-term changes in hydrodynamics, sediment supply, and primary productivity. For equilibrium to occur, the magnitude of vertical accretion must be great enough to compensate for change in the rate of sea-level rise (SLR). SLR is defined here as meaning the local rate relative to a benchmark, typically a gauge. Equilibrium is not a given, and SLR can exceed the capacity of a wetland to accrete vertically.},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.009},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/marsh-equilibrium-theory/DA7B5EFE9C8CE403EF2190CC60D968EF},
	author = {Morris, James T. and Cahoon, Donald R. and Callaway, John C. and Craft, Christopher and Neubauer, Scott C. and Weston, Nathaniel B.},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {liu_mismatch_2021,
	title = {Mismatch between watershed effects and local efforts constrains the success of coastal salt marsh vegetation restoration},
	journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
	volume = {292},
	year = {2021},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {126103},
	issn = {09596526},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126103},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652621003231},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Li, Jin and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {mozdzer_rapid_2021,
	title = {Rapid recovery of carbon cycle processes after the cessation of chronic nutrient enrichment},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {750},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {140927},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140927},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720344569},
	author = {Mozdzer, Thomas J. and Drew, Sophie E. and Caplan, Joshua S. and Weber, Paige E. and Deegan, Linda A.}
}
@article {babitch_resolving_2021,
	title = {Resolving {Estuarine} {Nitrogen} {Use} by {Phytoplankton} {Communities} {Using} a {Whole} {Ecosystem} {Tracer} {Approach}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {7},
	year = {2021},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1883{\textendash}1898},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-00905-6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-00905-6},
	author = {Babitch, Jaylyn W. and Nelson, James A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Sullivan, Hillary and Stauffer, Beth A.}
}
@article {jin_river_2021,
	title = {River body extraction from sentinel-{2A}/{B} {MSI} images based on an adaptive multi-scale region growth method},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2021},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {112297},
	issn = {00344257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2021.112297},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425721000158},
	author = {Jin, Song and Liu, Yongxue and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mi, Huan and Qiao, Gang and Xu, Wenxuan and Sun, Chao and Liu, Yongchao and Zhao, Bingxue and Fichot, C{\'e}dric G.}
}
@inbook {giblin_role_2021,
	title = {The Role of Marshes in Coastal Nutrient Dynamics and Loss},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {113{\textendash}154},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {Sixty-five years ago, Teal{\textquoteright}s (1962) study showed that salt marsh primary production was greater than community respiration. To explain this result, he suggested that marshes exported excess organic matter either directly as organic matter, or as organisms, to coastal waters. This concept, that marshes were {\textquotedblleft}outwelling{\textquotedblright} material to the adjacent estuary and coastal oceans, was soon expanded to nutrients as well. However, the actual importance of the marsh in supplying organic matter and nutrients to adjacent coastal systems has been controversial and reviews debating the importance of outwelling from marshes have regularly appeared over the decades (Nixon 1980, Childers et al. 2000, Odum 2000, Valiela et al. 2000, Boynton and Nixon 2013). It has also been argued that in some cases the coastal ocean can act as a source of nutrients to the marsh and estuary ({\textquotedblleft}inwelling{\textquotedblright}).},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.007},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/role-of-marshes-in-coastal-nutrient-dynamics-and-loss/37F846FC47337398702C4F08838F9245},
	author = {Giblin, Anne E. and Fulweiler, Robinson W. and Hopkinson, Charles S.},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {wong_sediment_2021,
	title = {Sediment selection: range-expanding fiddler crabs are better burrowers than their historic-range counterparts},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {674},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {163{\textendash}171},
	abstract = {Climate change plays a large role in driving species range shifts; however, the physical characteristics of an environment can also influence and alter species distributions. In New England salt marshes, the mud fiddler crab Minuca pugnax is expanding its range north of Cape Cod, MA, into the Gulf of Maine (GoM) due to warming waters. The burrowing lifestyle of M. pugnax means sediment compaction in salt marshes may influence the ability of crabs to dig, with more compact soils being resistant to burrowing. Previous studies indicate that salt marshes along the GoM have a higher sediment compaction relative to marshes south of Cape Cod. Physical characteristics of this habitat may be influencing the burrowing performance of M. pugnax and therefore the continuation of their northward range expansion into the GoM. We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment to determine if compaction affects the burrowing activity of M. pugnax in historical and range-expanded populations. We manipulated sediment compaction in standardized lab assays and measured crab burrowing performance with individuals collected from Nantucket (NAN, i.e. historical range) and the Plum Island Estuary (PIE, i.e. expanded range). We determined compaction negatively affected burrowing ability in crabs from both sites; however, crabs from PIE have a higher probability of burrowing in higher sediment compactions than NAN crabs. In addition, PIE crabs were more likely to burrow overall. We conclude that site level differences in compaction are likely altering burrowing behavior in the crab{\textquoteright}s expanded-range territory by way of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity.},
	issn = {0171-8630, 1616-1599},
	doi = {10.3354/meps13811},
	url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v674/p163-171/},
	author = {Wong, Rj and Roy, Ms and Byrnes, Jek}
}
@article {hanley_short-_2021,
	title = {Short- and long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on salt marsh plant production and microbial community structure},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {3779{\textendash}3793},
	abstract = {Nutrient enrichment impacts ecosystems globally. Population history, especially past resource environments, of numerically dominant plant species may affect their responses to subsequent changes in nutrient availability. Eutrophication can also alter plant{\textendash}microbe interactions via direct effects on associated microbial communities or indirect effects on dominant species{\textquoteright} biomass production/allocation as a result of modified plant{\textendash}soil interactions. We combined a greenhouse common garden and a field reciprocal transplant of a salt marsh foundation species (Spartina alterniflora) within a long-term, whole-ecosystem, nutrient-enrichment study to determine whether enrichment affects plant production and microbial community structure differently depending on plant population history. For the greenhouse portion, we collected 20 S. alterniflora genotypes{\textemdash}10 from an enriched creek that had received elevated nutrient inputs for 10 years and 10 from an unenriched reference creek{\textemdash}and reared them in a common garden for 1 year. For the field portion, we conducted a 2-year, fully crossed reciprocal transplant experiment with two gardens each at the enriched and unenriched sites; we examined the effects of source site (i.e. population history), garden site and plant genotype. After 2 years, plants in enriched gardens had higher above-ground biomass and altered below-ground allocation compared to plants in unenriched gardens. However, performance also depended on plant population history: plants from the enriched site had decreased above-ground and rhizome production compared to plants from the unenriched site, most notably in unenriched gardens. In addition, almost all above- and below-ground traits varied depending on plant genotypic identity. Effects of nutrient enrichment on the associated microbial community were also pronounced. Following 1 year in common garden, microbial community structure varied by plant population history and S. alterniflora genotypic identity. However, at the end of the reciprocal transplant, microbial communities differed primarily between enriched and unenriched gardens. Synthesis. Nutrient enrichment can impact plant foundation species and associated soil microbes in the short term. Most importantly, nutrient enrichment can also have long-lasting effects on plant populations and associated microbial communities that potentially compromise their ability to respond to changing resource conditions in the future.},
	keywords = {fertilization, genotype, genotypic identity, GxE, plant{\textendash}microbe interactions, plant{\textendash}soil (below-ground) interactions, Plum Island Ecosystems LTER, Spartina alterniflora},
	issn = {1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	author = {Hanley, Torrance C. and Bowen, Jennifer L. and Kearns, Patrick J. and Hughes, A. Randall}
}
@article {hanley_short_2021,
	title = {Short- and long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on salt marsh plant production and microbial community structure},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {109},
	number = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {3779{\textendash}3793},
	issn = {0022-0477, 1365-2745},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.13756},
	author = {Hanley, Torrance C. and Bowen, Jennifer L. and Kearns, Patrick J. and Hughes, A. Randall}
}
@article {luk_soil_2021,
	title = {Soil {Organic} {Carbon} {Development} and {Turnover} in {Natural} and {Disturbed} {Salt} {Marsh} {Environments}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {jan},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL090287},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL090287},
	author = {Luk, Sheron Y. and Todd-Brown, Katherine and Eagle, Meagan and McNichol, Ann P. and Sanderman, Jonathan and Gosselin, Kelsey and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {robison_spatial_2021,
	title = {Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of methane ebullition in lowland headwater streams and the impact on sampling design},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {66},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {4063{\textendash}4076},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11943},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11943},
	author = {Robison, Andrew L. and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Turek, Bonnie and Bova, Cynthia and Snay, Carter and Varner, Ruth K.}
}
@article {liu_success_2021,
	title = {Success of coastal wetlands restoration is driven by sediment availability},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {44},
	abstract = {Abstract Shorelines and their ecosystems are endangered by sea-level rise. Nature-based coastal protection is becoming a global strategy to enhance coastal resilience through the cost-effective creation, restoration and sustainable use of coastal wetlands. However, the resilience to sea-level rise of coastal wetlands created under Nature-based Solution has been assessed largely on a regional scale. Here we assess, using a meta-analysis, the difference in accretion, elevation, and sediment deposition rates between natural and restored coastal wetlands across the world. Our results show that restored coastal wetlands can trap more sediment and that the effectiveness of these restoration projects is primarily driven by sediment availability, not by wetland elevation, tidal range, local rates of sea-level rise, and significant wave height. Our results suggest that Nature-based Solutions can mitigate coastal wetland vulnerability to sea-level rise, but are effective only in coastal locations where abundant sediment supply is available.},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-021-00117-7},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-021-00117-7},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {waltham_tidal_2021,
	title = {Tidal {Marsh} {Restoration} {Optimism} in a {Changing} {Climate} and {Urbanizing} {Seascape}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1681{\textendash}1690},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00875-1},
	author = {Waltham, Nathan J. and Alcott, Caitlin and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Cebrian, Just and Connolly, Rod M. and Deegan, Linda A. and Dodds, Kate and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Gilby, Ben L. and Henderson, Christopher J. and McLuckie, Catherine M. and Minello, Thomas J. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Simenstad, Charles A. and Smith, Joseph A. M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and Weinstein, Michael P.}
}
@article {liu_total_2021,
	title = {The {Total} {Operating} {Characteristic} from {Stratified} {Random} {Sampling} with an {Application} to {Flood} {Mapping}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {13},
	number = {19},
	year = {2021},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {3922},
	abstract = {The Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) measures how the ranks of an index variable distinguish between presence and absence in a binary reference variable. Previous methods to generate the TOC required the reference data to derive from a census or a simple random sample. However, many researchers apply stratified random sampling to collect reference data because stratified random sampling is more efficient than simple random sampling for many applications. Our manuscript derives a new methodology that uses stratified random sampling to generate the TOC. An application to flood mapping illustrates how the TOC compares the abilities of three indices to diagnose water. The TOC shows visually and quantitatively each index{\textquoteright}s diagnostic ability relative to baselines. Results show that the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index has the greatest diagnostic ability, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index has diagnostic ability greater than the Normalized Difference Water Index at the threshold where the Diagnosed Presence equals the Abundance of water. Some researchers consider only one accuracy metric at only one threshold, whereas the TOC allows visualization of several metrics at all thresholds. The TOC gives more information and clearer interpretation compared to the popular Relative Operating Characteristic. Our software generates the TOC from a census, simple random sample, or stratified random sample. The TOC Curve Generator is free as an executable file at a website that our manuscript gives.},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs13193922},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3922},
	author = {Liu, Zhen and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore}
}
@inbook {fagherazzi_understanding_2021,
	title = {Understanding Marsh Dynamics: Modeling Approaches},
	booktitle = {Salt Marshes: Function, Dynamics, and Stresses},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {278{\textendash}299},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {Salt marshes have received considerable scientific attention in recent years due to a combination of factors. Salt marshes host important ecosystems and store large quantities of carbon in their soils (Fagherazzi et al. 2004; Mudd et al. 2009). Currently salt marshes are endangered by accelerated sea-level rise triggered by global warming (Kirwan et al. 2010). A sharp reduction in sediment supply caused by the damming of rivers is also jeopardizing marsh survival along many coasts (Weston 2014). As a result, there is a need to determine the fate of marshlands in different settings in order to inform government and local communities and implement protection strategies. To this end, numerical models are playing an increasingly important role, because they can easily provide future scenarios of marsh conditions under different forcings. However, the evolution of salt marshes as a function of sea-level rise and sediment supply is relatively complex, because of feedbacks among hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation (Fagherazzi et al. 2012). As a result, marshes are continuously adjusting to a changing environment, in ways often difficult to predict. This intrinsic complexity has generated a flurry of numerical models, each emphasizing a different aspect of salt marsh evolution. It is thus becoming more and more accepted by the scientific community that a comprehensive model of salt marsh evolution is not feasible, given the number and variety of physical and biological processes at play. A detailed approach, based on the description of all possible processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales, has been slowly replaced by a more practical approach, in which separate models are built to address key important processes or to capture specific dynamics.},
	isbn = {9781107186286},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316888933.013},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/salt-marshes/understanding-marsh-dynamics/A73B50F7C44E8E7029F450916ECDB72B},
	author = {Fagherazzi, Sergio and Kearney, William and Mariotti, Giulio and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Nardin, William},
	editor = {FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Hughes, Zoe J.}
}
@article {harati_validating_2021,
	title = {Validating models of one-way land change: an example case of forest insect disturbance},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {10},
	year = {2021},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2919{\textendash}2935},
	issn = {0921-2973, 1572-9761},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-021-01272-0},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-021-01272-0},
	author = {Harati, Saeed and Perez, Liliana and Molowny-Horas, Roberto and Pontius, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {ganju_are_2020,
	title = {Are Elevation and Open-Water Conversion of Salt Marshes Connected?},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2019GL086703},
	abstract = {Salt marsh assessments focus on vertical metrics such as accretion or lateral metrics such as open-water conversion, without exploration of how the dimensions are related. We exploited a novel geospatial data set to explore how elevation is related to the unvegetated-vegetated marsh ratio (UVVR), a lateral metric, across individual marsh {\textquotedblleft}units{\textquotedblright} within four estuarine-marsh systems. We find that elevation scales consistently with the UVVR across systems, with lower elevation units demonstrating more open-water conversion and higher UVVRs. A normalized elevation-UVVR relationship converges across systems near the system-mean elevation and a UVVR of 0.1, a critical threshold identified by prior studies. This indicates that open-water conversion becomes a dominant lateral instability process at a relatively conservative elevation threshold. We then integrate the UVVR and elevation to yield lifespan estimates, which demonstrate that higher elevation marshes are more resilient to internal deterioration, with an order-of-magnitude longer lifespan than predicted for lower elevation marshes.},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL086703},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL086703},
	author = {Ganju, Neil K. and Defne, Zafer and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE493,
	title = {Are elevation and open-water conversion of salt marshes connected?},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {elevation, LTER-PIE, marsh stability, salt marsh, sea level rise},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL086703},
	author = {Ganju, N.K. and Defne, Z. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE503,
	title = {A climate migrant escapes its parasites},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {641},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {111-121},
	keywords = {climate change, climate migrant, enemy-release hypothesis, fiddler crab, global change, LTER-PIE, parasite escape, population dynamics, range expansions, range shift},
	doi = {10.3354/meps13278},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Shields, J.D. and Doucette, D. and Heard, R.}
}
@article {liu_consumer_2020,
	title = {Consumer control and abiotic stresses constrain coastal saltmarsh restoration},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {111110},
	issn = {03014797},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111110},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479720310379},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Ma, Xu and Xie, Chengjie and Li, Jin and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {PIE502,
	title = {The density of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab (Minuca pugnax, Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in its expanded range in the Gulf of Maine, USA },
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {544-548},
	keywords = {climate migrant, ecosystem engineer, LTER-PIE, ocean warming, population dynamics, range expansion, range shift, Uca pugnax},
	doi = {10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa049},
	author = {Martinez-Soto, K.S. and Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE487,
	title = {Determining the drivers of suspended sediment dynamics in tidal marsh-influenced estuaries using high-resolution ocean color remote sensing},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, remote-sensing reflectance, river discharge, salt marsh, sediment budget, suspended sediment concentration, tidal asymmetry},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.111682},
	author = {Zhang, X. and Fichot, C.G. and Baracco, C. and Guo, R. and Neugebauer, S. and Bengtsson, Z. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {zhang_divergence_2020,
	title = {Divergence of {Sediment} {Fluxes} {Triggered} by {Sea}-{Level} {Rise} {Will} {Reshape} {Coastal} {Bays}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {13},
	year = {2020},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087862},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL087862},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {zhang_divergence_2020,
	title = {Divergence of Sediment Fluxes Triggered by Sea-Level Rise Will Reshape Coastal Bays},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL087862},
	abstract = {Sediment budget and sediment availability are direct metrics for evaluating the resilience of coastal bays to sea-level rise (SLR). Here we use a high-resolution numerical model of a tidally dominated marsh-lagoon system to explore feedbacks between SLR and sediment dynamics. SLR augments tidal prism and inundation depth, facilitating sediment deposition on the marsh platform. At the same time, our results indicate that SLR enhances ebb-dominated currents and increases sediment resuspension, reducing the sediment-trapping capacity of tidal flats and bays and leading to a negative sediment budget for the entire system. This bimodal distribution of sediments budget trajectories will have a profound impact on the morphology of coastal bays, increasing the difference in elevation between salt marshes and tidal flats and potentially affecting intertidal ecosystems. Our results also clearly indicate that landforms lower with respect to the tidal frame are more affected by SLR than salt marshes.},
	keywords = {bed composition, numerical modeling, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment budget, tidal flats},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087862},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL087862},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {donatelli_dynamics_2020,
	title = {Dynamics of {Marsh}-{Derived} {Sediments} in {Lagoon}-{Type} {Estuaries}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	issn = {2169-9003, 2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JF005751},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JF005751},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Kalra, Tarandeep Singh and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta}
}
@article {donatelli_dynamics_2020,
	title = {Dynamics of Marsh-Derived Sediments in Lagoon-Type Estuaries},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020JF005751},
	abstract = {Salt marshes are valuable ecosystems that must trap sediments and accrete in order to counteract the deleterious effect of sea level rise. Previous studies have shown that the capacity of marshes to build up vertically depends on both autogenous and exogenous processes including ecogeomorphic feedbacks and sediment supply from in-land and coastal ocean. There have been numerous efforts to quantify the role played by the sediments coming from marsh edge erosion on the resistance of salt marshes to sea level rise. However, the majority of existing studies investigating the interplay between lateral and vertical dynamics use simplified modeling approaches, and they do not consider that marsh retreat can affect the regional-scale hydrodynamics and sediment retention in back-barrier basins. In this study, we evaluated the fate of the sediments originating from marsh lateral loss by using high-resolution numerical model simulations of Jamaica Bay, a small lagoonal estuary located in New York City. Our findings show that up to 42\% of the sediment released during marsh edge erosion deposits on the shallow areas of the basin and over the vegetated marsh platforms, contributing positively to the sediment budget of the remaining salt marshes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that with the present-day sediment supply from the ocean, the system cannot keep pace with sea level rise even accounting for the sediment liberated in the bay through marsh degradation. Our study highlights the relevance of multiple sediment sources for the maintenance of the marsh complex.},
	keywords = {Jamaica Bay, marsh erosion, sea level rise, sediment recycling},
	issn = {2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JF005751},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JF005751},
	author = {Donatelli, Carmine and Kalra, Tarandeep Singh and Fagherazzi, Sergio and Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta}
}
@article {liu_efficient_2020,
	title = {Efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought-induced die-off of salt marshes: {Implications} for coastal restoration and management},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {749},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {141493},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141493},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720350221},
	author = {Liu, Zezheng and Fagherazzi, Sergio and She, Xiaojun and Ma, Xu and Xie, Chengjie and Cui, Baoshan}
}
@article {xie_enhanced_2020,
	title = {Enhanced {Intensity} {Analysis} to {Quantify} {Categorical} {Change} and to {Identify} {Suspicious} {Land} {Transitions}: {A} {Case} {Study} of {Nanchang}, {China}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {12},
	number = {20},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3323},
	abstract = {Conventional methods to analyze a transition matrix do not offer in-depth signals concerning land changes. The land change community needs an effective approach to visualize both the size and intensity of land transitions while considering possible map errors. We propose a framework that integrates error analysis, intensity analysis, and difference components, and then uses the framework to analyze land change in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi province, China. We used remotely sensed data for six categories at four time points: 1989, 2000, 2008, and 2016. We had a confusion matrix for only 2016, which estimated that the map of 2016 had a 12\% error, while the temporal difference during 2008{\textendash}2016 was 22\% of the spatial extent. Our tools revealed suspected errors at other years by analyzing the patterns of temporal difference. For example, the largest component of temporal difference was exchange, which could indicate map errors. Our framework identified categories that gained during one time interval then lost during the subsequent time interval, which raised the suspicion of map error. This proposed framework facilitated visualization of the size and intensity of land transitions while illustrating possible map errors that the profession routinely ignores.},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs12203323},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/20/3323},
	author = {Xie, Zheyu and Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore and Huang, Jinliang and Nitivattananon, Vilas}
}
@article {PIE501,
	title = {The fiddler crab Minuca pugnax () (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) reduces saltmarsh algae in its expanded range },
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa073},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Martinez-Soto, K.S. and Pant, M. and Wittyngham, S.S and Goetz, E.M.}
}
@article {sills_fisheries_2020,
	title = {Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {370},
	number = {6517},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {670{\textendash}671},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abe9332},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe9332},
	author = {Baker, Ronald and Taylor, Matthew D. and Able, Kenneth W. and Beck, Michael W. and Cebrian, Just and Colombano, Denise D. and Connolly, Rod M. and Currin, Carolyn and Deegan, Linda A. and Feller, Ilka C. and Gilby, Ben L. and Kimball, Matthew E. and Minello, Thomas J. and Rozas, Lawrence P. and Simenstad, Charles and Turner, R. Eugene and Waltham, Nathan J. and Weinstein, Michael P. and Ziegler, Shelby L. and zu Ermgassen, Philine S.E. and Alcott, Caitlin and Alford, Scott B. and Barbeau, Myriam A. and Crosby, Sarah C. and Dodds, Kate and Frank, Alyssa and Goeke, Janelle and Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A. and Hardcastle, Felicity E. and Henderson, Christopher J. and James, W. Ryan and Kenworthy, Matthew D. and Lesser, Justin and Mallick, Debbrota and Martin, Charles W. and McDonald, Ashley E. and McLuckie, Catherine and Morrison, Blair H. and Nelson, James A. and Norris, Gregory S. and Ollerhead, Jeff and Pahl, James W. and Ramsden, Sarah and Rehage, Jennifer S. and Reinhardt, James F. and Rezek, Ryan J. and Risse, L. Mark and Smith, Joseph A.M. and Sparks, Eric L. and Staver, Lorie W.},
	editor = {Sills, Jennifer}
}
@article {hautier_general_2020,
	title = {General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5375},
	abstract = {Abstract Eutrophication is a widespread environmental change that usually reduces the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity in local communities. Whether this effect is scale dependent remains to be elucidated. Here, we determine the relationship between plant diversity and temporal stability of productivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of chronic fertilization on these relationships. Unfertilized local communities with more plant species exhibit greater asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations, resulting in greater local stability (alpha stability). Moreover, neighborhood communities that have greater spatial variation in plant species composition within sites (higher beta diversity) have greater spatial asynchrony of productivity among communities, resulting in greater stability at the larger scale (gamma stability). Importantly, fertilization consistently weakens the contribution of plant diversity to both of these stabilizing mechanisms, thus diminishing the positive effect of biodiversity on stability at differing spatial scales. Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of plant diversity within and among ecological communities.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19252-4},
	author = {Hautier, Yann and Zhang, Pengfei and Loreau, Michel and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Komatsu, Kimberly J. and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Hector, Andy and Adler, Peter B. and Alberti, Juan and Arnillas, Carlos A. and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brudvig, Lars A. and Bugalho, Miguel N. and Cadotte, Marc and Caldeira, Maria C. and Carroll, Oliver and Crawley, Mick and Collins, Scott L. and Daleo, Pedro and Dee, Laura E. and Eisenhauer, Nico and Eskelinen, Anu and Fay, Philip A. and Gilbert, Benjamin and Hansar, Amandine and Isbell, Forest and Knops, Johannes M. H. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Moore, Joslin L. and Morgan, John W. and Mori, Akira S. and Peri, Pablo L. and Pos, Edwin T. and Power, Sally A. and Price, Jodi N. and Reich, Peter B. and Risch, Anita C. and Roscher, Christiane and Sankaran, Mahesh and Sch{\"u}tz, Martin and Smith, Melinda and Stevens, Carly and Tognetti, Pedro M. and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, Glenda M. and Wilfahrt, Peter A. and Wang, Shaopeng}
}
@article {lesser_habitat_2020,
	title = {Habitat decoupling via saltmarsh creek geomorphology alters connection between spatially-coupled food webs},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {241},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {106825},
	issn = {02727714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106825},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771420300895},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and Bechtold, Cameron A. and Deegan, Linda A. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {PIE492,
	title = {Improving predictions of salt marsh evolution through better integration of data and models.},
	journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {389-413},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, marsh accretion, marsh-edge erosion, morphodynamic modeling, sea level rise, sediment budget, storm surge},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010610},
	author = {Wiberg, P.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Kirwan, M.L.}
}
@article {quan_intensity_2020,
	title = {Intensity {Analysis} to communicate land change during three time intervals in two regions of {Quanzhou} {City}, {China}},
	journal = {GIScience \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {21{\textendash}36},
	issn = {1548-1603, 1943-7226},
	doi = {10.1080/15481603.2019.1658420},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15481603.2019.1658420},
	author = {Quan, Bin and Pontius, Robert Gilmore and Song, Hui}
}
@article {8667,
	title = {maxEntropyProd/MEP-AutoHetDet: Release of Fortran code associated with paper},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {Zenodo},
	type = {Software},
	edition = {4.7},
	keywords = {heterotrophy, maximum entropy production, modelling},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3979922},
	url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3979922$\#$.YjHsEDUpBaQ},
	author = {VAllini, J.J.}
}
@article {8668,
	title = {maxEntropyProd/MEP-AutoHetDet: Release of Fortran code associated with paper},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {Zenodo},
	type = {Software},
	edition = {4.7},
	keywords = {maximum entropy production, heterotrophy, modelling},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3979922},
	url = {https://github.com/maxEntropyProd/MEP-AutoHetDet},
	author = {Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {8666,
	title = {maxEntropyProd/MEP-SidersPond: Release of Fortran code associated with published paper},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {Zenodo},
	type = {Software},
	edition = { v1.5.9},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, maximum entropy production, microbes, modelling, pond},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3978698},
	url = {https://github.com/maxEntropyProd/MEP-SidersPond},
	author = {Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {bulseco_metagenomics_2020,
	title = {Metagenomics coupled with biogeochemical rates measurements provide evidence that nitrate addition stimulates respiration in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	number = {S1},
	year = {2020},
	month = {jan},
	issn = {0024-3590, 1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11326},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lno.11326},
	author = {Bulseco, Ashley N. and Vineis, Joseph H. and Murphy, Anna E. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Giblin, Anne E. and Tucker, Jane and Bowen, Jennifer L.}
}
@article {zhang_morphology_2020,
	title = {On the morphology of radial sand ridges},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {45},
	number = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2613{\textendash}2630},
	issn = {0197-9337, 1096-9837},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.4917},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.4917},
	author = {Zhang, Weina and Zhang, Xiaohe and Huang, Huiming and Wang, Yigang and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE494,
	title = {A nonlinear relationship between marsh size and sediment trapping capacity compromises salt marshes{\textquoteright} stability.},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, marsh stability, salt marsh, sea level rise, sediment},
	doi = {10.1130/G47131.1},
	author = {Donatelli, C. and Zhang, X. and Ganju, N.K. and Aretxabaleta, A.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N.}
}
@article {bowen_not_2020,
	title = {Not {All} {Nitrogen} {Is} {Created} {Equal}: {Differential} {Effects} of {Nitrate} and {Ammonium} {Enrichment} in {Coastal} {Wetlands}},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {70},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1108{\textendash}1119},
	abstract = {Abstract Excess reactive nitrogen (N) flows from agricultural, suburban, and urban systems to coasts, where it causes eutrophication. Coastal wetlands take up some of this N, thereby ameliorating the impacts on nearshore waters. Although the consequences of N on coastal wetlands have been extensively studied, the effect of the specific form of N is not often considered. Both oxidized N forms (nitrate, NO3-) and reduced forms (ammonium, NH4+) can relieve nutrient limitation and increase primary production. However, unlike NH4+, NO3- can also be used as an electron acceptor for microbial respiration. We present results demonstrating that, in salt marshes, microbes use NO3- to support organic matter decomposition and primary production is less stimulated than when enriched with reduced N. Understanding how different forms of N mediate the balance between primary production and decomposition is essential for managing coastal wetlands as N enrichment and sea level rise continue to assail our coasts.},
	issn = {0006-3568, 1525-3244},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biaa140},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/70/12/1108/6025501},
	author = {Bowen, Jennifer L and Giblin, Anne E and Murphy, Anna E and Bulseco, Ashley N and Deegan, Linda A and Johnson, David S and Nelson, James A and Mozdzer, Thomas J and Sullivan, Hillary L}
}
@article {PIE497,
	title = {Oxygen and Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements Provide Different Insights into Gross Oxygen Production in a Shallow Salt Marsh Pond.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {light-dependent respiration, LTER-PIE, metabolism, oxygen, pond, primary production, salt marsh, triple oxygen isotopes},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00757-6},
	author = {Howard, E.M. and Spivak, A.C. and Karolewski, J.S. and Gosslein, K.M. and Sandwidth, Z.O. and Manning, C.C. and Stanley, R.H.R}
}
@article {vallino_phytoplankton_2020,
	title = {Phytoplankton {Temporal} {Strategies} {Increase} {Entropy} {Production} in a {Marine} {Food} {Web} {Model}},
	journal = {Entropy},
	volume = {22},
	number = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1249},
	abstract = {We develop a trait-based model founded on the hypothesis that biological systems evolve and organize to maximize entropy production by dissipating chemical and electromagnetic free energy over longer time scales than abiotic processes by implementing temporal strategies. A marine food web consisting of phytoplankton, bacteria, and consumer functional groups is used to explore how temporal strategies, or the lack thereof, change entropy production in a shallow pond that receives a continuous flow of reduced organic carbon plus inorganic nitrogen and illumination from solar radiation with diel and seasonal dynamics. Results show that a temporal strategy that employs an explicit circadian clock produces more entropy than a passive strategy that uses internal carbon storage or a balanced growth strategy that requires phytoplankton to grow with fixed stoichiometry. When the community is forced to operate at high specific growth rates near 2 d-1, the optimization-guided model selects for phytoplankton ecotypes that exhibit complementary for winter versus summer environmental conditions to increase entropy production. We also present a new type of trait-based modeling where trait values are determined by maximizing entropy production rather than by random selection.},
	issn = {1099-4300},
	doi = {10.3390/e22111249},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/22/11/1249},
	author = {Vallino, Joseph J. and Tsakalakis, Ioannis}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE495,
	title = {Quantifying and Valuing Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration as Ecosystem Services in Salt Marshes.},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Villanova, PA},
	keywords = {carbon, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, organic matter, salt marshes, sediments, sequestration},
	author = {Demberger, S.}
}
@article {fagherazzi_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt {Marsh} {Dynamics} in a {Period} of {Accelerated} {Sea} {Level} {Rise}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {125},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	month = {aug},
	issn = {2169-9003, 2169-9011},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JF005200},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JF005200},
	author = {Fagherazzi, Sergio and Mariotti, Giulio and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Canestrelli, Alberto and Nardin, William and Kearney, William S.}
}
@article {PIE498,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly to Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, LTER-PIE, metabolism, primary production, salt marsh, scaling},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Denmark, A. and Gosselin, K. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_salt_2020,
	title = {Salt Marsh Pond Biogeochemistry Changes Hourly-to-Yearly but Does Not Scale With Dimensions or Geospatial Position},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020JG005664},
	abstract = {Shallow ponds are expanding in many salt marshes with potential impacts on ecosystem functioning. Determining how pond characteristics change over time and scale with physical dimensions and other spatial predictors could facilitate incorporation of ponds into projections of ecosystem change. We evaluated scaling relationships across six differently sized ponds in three regions of the high marshes within the Plum Island Ecosystems-Long Term Ecological Research site (MA, USA). We further characterized diel fluctuations in surface water chemistry in two ponds to understand short-term processes that affect emergent properties (e.g., habitat suitability). Primary producers drove oxygen levels to supersaturation during the day, while nighttime respiration resulted in hypoxic to anoxic conditions. Diel swings in oxygen were mirrored by pH and resulted in successive shifts in redox-sensitive metabolisms, as indicated by nitrate consumption at dusk followed by peaks in ammonium and then sulfide overnight. Abundances of macroalgae and Ruppia maritima correlated with whole-pond oxygen metabolism rates, but not with surface area (SA), volume (V), or SA:V. Moreover, there were no clear patterns in primary producer abundances, surface water chemistry, or pond metabolism rates across marsh regions supplied by different tidal creeks or that differed in distance to upland borders or creekbanks. Comparisons with data from 2 years prior demonstrate that plant communities and biogeochemical processes are not in steady state. Factors contributing to variability between ponds and years are unclear but likely include infrequent tidal exchange. Temporal and spatial variability and the absence of scaling relationships complicate the integration of high marsh ponds into ecosystem biogeochemical models.},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, ecosystem function, global change, metabolism, salt marsh, scaling},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005664},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JG005664},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Denmark, Alexander and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@article {buchsbaum_selection_2020,
	title = {Selection of {Estuarine} {Feeding} {Habitats} by {Snowy} and {Great} {Egrets} in the {Great} {Marsh} {Estuary}, {Northeastern} {Massachusetts}, {USA}},
	journal = {Waterbirds},
	volume = {43},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	issn = {1524-4695},
	doi = {10.1675/063.043.0303},
	url = {https://bioone.org/journals/waterbirds/volume-43/issue-3-4/063.043.0303/Selection-of-Estuarine-Feeding-Habitats-by-Snowy-and-Great-Egrets/10.1675/063.043.0303.full},
	author = {Buchsbaum, Robert and Clark, Wesley}
}
@article {morris_tidal_2020,
	title = {Tidal and {Hurricane} {Impacts} on {Saltmarshes} in the {Northeastern} {Coastal} and {Barrier} {Network}: {Theory} and {Empirical} {Results}},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {43},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1658{\textendash}1671},
	issn = {1559-2723, 1559-2731},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5},
	author = {Morris, James T. and Lynch, James and Renken, Katherine A. and Stevens, Sara and Tyrrell, Megan and Plaisted, Holly}
}
@mastersthesis {8661,
	title = {Tidal marsh response to sediment deposition from tropical and extratropical storms. MS thesis},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2020},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, Sediment deposition, storms, tidal marsh},
	author = {Stumpf, A}
}
@article {PIE488,
	title = {Tidal Wetland Gross Primary Production Across the Continental United States, 2000{\textendash}2019.},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {blue carbon, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, tidal wetlands},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GB006349},
	author = {Feagin, A. and Forbrich, I. and Huff, T.P. and Barr, J. G. and Ruiz-Plancarte, J. and Fuentes, J. D. and NaJJar, R. G. and Vargas, R. and V{\'a}zquez-Lule, A. and Windham-Myers. L. and Kroeger, K. D. and Ward, E. J. and Moore, G. W. and Leclerc, M. and Krauss, K. W. and Stagg, C. L. and Alber, M. and Knox, S. H. and Sch{\"a}fer, K.V.R. and Bianchi, T. S. and Hutchings, J. A. and Nahrawi, H. and Noormets, A. and Mitra, B. and Jaimes, A. and Hinson, A. L. and Bergamaschi, B. and King, J. S. and Miao, G.}
}
@article {lesser_trophic_2020,
	title = {Trophic niche size and overlap decreases with increasing ecosystem productivity},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {129},
	number = {9},
	year = {2020},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1303{\textendash}1313},
	issn = {0030-1299, 1600-0706},
	doi = {10.1111/oik.07026},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.07026},
	author = {Lesser, Justin S. and James, W. Ryan and Stallings, Christopher D. and Wilson, Rachel M. and Nelson, James A.}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical {Cyclones} {Significantly} {Alleviate} {Mega}-{Deltaic} {Erosion} {Induced} by {High} {Riverine} {Flow}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {19},
	year = {2020},
	month = {oct},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {wang_tropical_2020,
	title = {Tropical Cyclones Significantly Alleviate Mega-Deltaic Erosion Induced by High Riverine Flow},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e2020GL089065},
	abstract = {The drastic decline in sediment discharge experienced by large rivers in recent years might trigger erosion thus increasing the vulnerability of their extensive deltas. However, scarce information is available on the erosion patterns in mega-deltas and associated physical drivers. Here a series of bathymetries in the South Passage, Changjiang Delta, were analyzed to identify morphodynamic variations during high riverine flow and tropical cyclones (TCs). Results indicate that high river flow during flood season triggers large-scale net erosion along the inner estuary, generating elongated erosion-deposition patches. Erosion magnitude gradually weakens moving seaward with few localized bottom variations in the offshore area. TCs transport sediment landward and are accompanied by an overall weak erosion, with a less organized spatial pattern of erosion-deposition. TCs can therefore significantly alleviate erosion, reducing the sediment loss induced by riverine flows by over 50\%. These results highlight the role of TCs on the sediment dynamics of mega-deltas.},
	keywords = {Changjiang Delta, deltaic morphodynamics, high runoff, sediment budget of deltas, typhoon events},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089065},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089065},
	author = {Wang, Jie and Dai, Zhijun and Mei, Xuefei and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE491,
	title = {Velocity skew controls the flushing of a tracer in a system of shallow bays with multiple inlets.},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2020},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {coastal bays, Delft3D, disturbance, Eulerian approach, flushing time, LTER-PIE, mass fraction decay, tracer transport},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2019.104008},
	author = {Palazzoli, I and Leonardi, N. and Jimenez-Robles, A.M. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE483,
	title = {Assessing heavy metal pollution in estuarine systems along the eastern United States in relation to land use land cover changes.},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Villanova, PA},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuaries, heavy metals, land cover, land use, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Jezycki, K.}
}
@article {PIE489,
	title = {Changes in hydrodynamics and wave energy as a result of seagrass decline along the shoreline of a microtidal back-barrier estuary.},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {183-192},
	keywords = {coastal resilience, COAWST, disturbance, ecosystems services, LTER-PIE, seagrass, tidal asymmetry},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.04.017},
	author = {Donatelli, C. and Ganju, N.K. and Kalra, T.S. and Fagherazzi, S. and Leonardi, N.}
}
@article {paynter_characterizing_2019,
	title = {Characterizing a {New} {England} {Saltmarsh} with {NASA} {G}-{LiHT} {Airborne} {Lidar}},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {509},
	abstract = {Airborne lidar can observe saltmarshes on a regional scale, targeting phenological and tidal states to provide the information to more effectively utilize frequent multispectral satellite observations to monitor change. Airborne lidar observations from NASA Goddard Lidar Hyperspectral and Thermal (G-LiHT) of a well-studied region of saltmarsh (Plum Island, Massachusetts, United States) were acquired in multiple years (2014, 2015 and 2016). These airborne lidar data provide characterizations of important saltmarsh components, as well as specifications for effective surveys. The invasive Phragmites australis was observed to increase in extent from 8374 m2 in 2014, to 8882 m2 in 2015 (+6.1\%), and again to 13,819 m2 in 2016 (+55.6\%). Validation with terrestrial lidar supported this increase, but suggested the total extent was still underestimated. Estimates of Spartina alterniflora extent from airborne lidar were within 7\% of those from terrestrial lidar, but overestimation of height of Spartina alterniflora was found to occur at the edges of creeks (+83.9\%). Capturing algae was found to require observations within {\textpm}15{\textdegree} of nadir, and capturing creek structure required observations within {\textpm}10{\textdegree} of nadir. In addition, 90.33\% of creeks and ditches were successfully captured in the airborne lidar data (8206.3 m out of 9084.3 m found in aerial imagery).},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11050509},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/509},
	author = {Paynter, Ian and Schaaf, Crystal and Bowen, Jennifer and Deegan, Linda and Peri, Francesco and Cook, Bruce}
}
@article {PIE464,
	title = {Characterizing a New England Saltmarsh with NASA G-LiHT Airborne Lidar},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {509-539},
	keywords = {classification, geomorphology, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, modelling, NSF-TIDE, population dynamics, saltmarsh, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11050509},
	author = {Paynter, I. and Schaaf, C. and Bowen, J.L. and Deegan, L. and Peri, F. and Cook, B.}
}
@article {PIE467,
	title = {Component intensities to relate difference by category with difference overall},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {classification accuracy, data anlaysis, difference, Intensity, landcover change, LTER-PIE, matrix},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2018.07.024},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {pontius_component_2019,
	title = {Component intensities to relate difference by category with difference overall},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2019},
	month = {may},
	pages = {94{\textendash}99},
	issn = {03032434},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2018.07.024},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303243418305191},
	author = {Pontius, Robert Gilmore}
}
@article {PIE485,
	title = {Estimating Aboveground Biomass and Its Spatial Distribution in Coastal Wetlands Utilizing Planet Multispectral Imagery},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {biomass, LTER-PIE, planet satellites, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, vegetation index},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11172020},
	author = {Miller, G.J. and Morris, J.T. and Wang, C.}
}
@article {PIE463,
	title = {Fate of cohesive sediments in a marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {32-40},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, numerical modelling, ponds expansion, salt marshes, sediment exchange, trapping capacity},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.003},
	author = {Zhang, X. and Leonardi, N. and Donatelli, C. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {zhang_fate_2019,
	title = {Fate of cohesive sediments in a marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {32{\textendash}40},
	issn = {03091708},
	doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0309170818305566},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaohe and Leonardi, Nicoletta and Donatelli, Carmine and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {nelson_feedbacks_2019,
	title = {Feedbacks {Between} {Nutrient} {Enrichment} and {Geomorphology} {Alter} {Bottom}-{Up} {Control} on {Food} {Webs}},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {229{\textendash}242},
	issn = {1432-9840, 1435-0629},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	author = {Nelson, James A. and Johnson, David Samuel and Deegan, Linda A. and Spivak, Amanda C. and Sommer, Nathalie R.}
}
@article {PIE500,
	title = {The fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, follows Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule.},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {14489-14497},
	keywords = {Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule, fiddler crab, Gulf of Maine, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, temperature-size rule, tropicalization},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.5883},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Crowley, C. and Longmire, K. and Nelson, J.A. and Williams, B. and Wittyngham, S.}
}
@article {johnson_fiddler_2019,
	title = {The fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, follows Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {14489{\textendash}14497},
	abstract = {Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule predicts that organisms at higher latitudes are larger than ones at lower latitudes. Here, we examine the body size pattern of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax (formerly Uca pugnax), from salt marshes on the east coast of the United States across 12 degrees of latitude. We found that M. pugnax followed Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule and that, on average, crab carapace width increased by 0.5 mm per degree of latitude. Minuca pugnax body size also followed the temperature{\textendash}size rule with body size inversely related to mean water temperature. Because an organism{\textquoteright}s size influences its impact on an ecosystem, and M. pugnax is an ecosystem engineer that affects marsh functioning, the larger crabs at higher latitudes may have greater per-capita impacts on salt marshes than the smaller crabs at lower latitudes.},
	keywords = {Bergmann{\textquoteright}s rule, fiddler crab, Gulf of Maine, salt marsh, temperature{\textendash}size rule, tropicalization},
	issn = {2045-7758},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.5883},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.5883},
	author = {Johnson, David Samuel and Crowley, Cynthia and Longmire, Katherine and Nelson, James and Williams, Bethany and Wittyngham, Serina}
}
@article {PIE472,
	title = {Fluid geochemistry, local hydrology, and metabolic activity define methanogen community size and composition in deep-sea hydrothermal vents},
	journal = {ISME},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {flow path geometry, LTER-PIE, methanogens, microbial communities, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1038/s41396-019-0382-3},
	author = {Stewart, L.C. and Algar, C.K. and Fortunato, C.S. and Larson, B.I. and Vallino, J.J. and Huber, J.A. and Butterfield, D.A. and Holden, J.F.}
}
@article {PIE486,
	title = {Global-change controls on soil-carbon accumulation and loss in coastal vegetated ecosystems},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {685-692},
	keywords = {blue-carbon, decomposition, disturbance, LTER-PIE, mangrove, organic matter, salt marsh, seagrass, soil accumulation},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-019-0435-2},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Sanderman, J. and Bowen, J.L. and Canuel, E.A. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE499,
	title = {Global-change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global-change factors imposed.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {17867-17873},
	keywords = {community composition, global change experiments, herbaceous plants, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, species richness},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1819027116},
	author = {Komatsu, K.J. and Avolio, M.L and Lemoine, N.P. and Isbell, F. and Grman, E. and Houseman, G.R. and Koerner, S.E. and Johnson, D.S. and Wilcox, K.R. and Alatalo, J.M. and Anderson, J.P. and Aerts, R. and Baer, S.G. and Baldwin, A.H. and Bates, J. and Beierkuhnlein, C. and Belote, R.T. and Blair, J. and Bloor, J.M.G. and Bohlen, P.J. and Bork, E.W. and Boughton, E.H. and Bowman, W.D. and Britton, A.J. and Cahill Jr,  J.F. and Chaneton, E. and Chiariello, N.R. and Cheng, J.}
}
@article {PIE466,
	title = {GlobeLand30 maps show four times larger gross than net land change from 2000 to 2010 in Asia},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {Asia, GlobeLand30, intensity analysis, land cover change, land degradation, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2019.01.003},
	author = {Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H. and Minaei, M. and Feng, Y. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@techreport {PIE469,
	title = {Hurricane Sandy Impacts on Coastal Wetland Resilience},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {117},
	institution = {USGS},
	keywords = {accretion, LTER-PIE, disturbance, salt marsh, sedimentation, wetlands},
	issn = {2018{\textendash}1142},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20181142},
	author = {Cahoon, D.R. and Olker, J.H. and Yeates, A.G. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Grace, J.B. and Adamowicz, S.C. and Anisfeld, S., and Baldwin, A.H. and Barrett, N., and Beckett, L., and Benzecry, A. and Blum, L.K., and Burdick, D.M., and Crouch, W. and Ekberg, M.C. and Fernald, S. and Grimes, K.W. and Grzyb, J. and Hartig, E.K. and Kreeger, D.A. and Larson, M. and Lerberg, S. and Lynch, J.C. and Maher, N. and Maxwell-Doyle, M. and Mitchell, L.R. and Mora, J. and O{\textquoteright}Neill, V. and Padeletti, A. and Prosser, D. and Quirk, T. and Raposa, K.B. and Reay, W.G. and Siok, D. and Snow, C. and Starke, A. and Staver, L. and Stevenson, J.C. and Turner, V.},
	editor = {USGS}
}
@article {PIE465,
	title = {Intensity Analysis and the Figure of Merit{\textquoteright}s components for assessment of a Cellular Automata {\textendash} Markov simulation model},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {CA-Markov, cellular-automata, figure of merit, intensity analysis, land change, LTER-PIE, Validation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.057},
	author = {Varga, O.G. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Singh, S.K. and Szabo, S.}
}
@article {PIE496,
	title = {Intensity Analysis to communicate land change during three time intervals in two regions of Quanzhou City, China.},
	journal = {GIScience \& Remote Sensing},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {China, GIS, intensity analysis, land change, LTER-PIE, Quanzhou City, regionalization},
	doi = {10.1080/15481603.2019.1658420},
	author = {Quan, B. and Pontius Jr, R.G. and Song H.}
}
@article {PIE484,
	title = {Metagenomics coupled with biogeochemical rates measurements provide evidence that nitrate addition stimulates respiration in salt marsh sediments.},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {denitrification, dissolved inorganic carbon, flow through reactor, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrate addition, population dynamics, salt marsh, shotgun metagenomics},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.11326},
	author = {Bulseco, A.N. and Vineis, J.H. and Murphy, A.E. and Spivak, A.C. and Giblin, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {PIE479,
	title = {Nitrate addition stimulates microbial decomposition of organic matter in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {16S rRNA gene, anaerobic respiration, decomposition, flow through reactor, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, microbes, nitrate, organic matter, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.14726},
	author = {Bulseco, A.N. and Giblin, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Murphy, A.E. and Hiller-Bittrolff, K. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {kearns_nutrient_2019,
	title = {Nutrient {Enrichment} {Alters} {Salt} {Marsh} {Fungal} {Communities} and {Promotes} {Putative} {Fungal} {Denitrifiers}},
	journal = {Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {358{\textendash}369},
	issn = {0095-3628, 1432-184X},
	doi = {10.1007/s00248-018-1223-z},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00248-018-1223-z},
	author = {Kearns, Patrick J. and Bulseco-McKim, Ashley N. and Hoyt, Helen and Angell, John H. and Bowen, Jennifer L.}
}
@phdthesis {miller_salt_2019,
	title = {Salt marsh health and biomass responses to a changing environment},
	year = {2019},
	school = {University of South Carolina},
	type = {phd},
	author = {Miller, Gwen}
}
@phdthesis {8663,
	title = {Salt marsh health and biomass responses to a changing environment},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {140},
	school = {University of South Carolina},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Columbia},
	keywords = {biomass, environmental change, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Miller, G.J}
}
@article {PIE474,
	title = {Sea Level Rise and the Dynamics of the Marsh-Upland Boundary},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, effect of storms on forest, LTER-PIE, marsh boundary, marsh transgression, marsh upland boundary, salt marsh, sea level rise, soil salinity},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2019.00025},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Anisfeld, S.C. and Blum, L.K. and Long, E.V. and Feagin, R.A. and Fernandes, A. and Kearney, W.S. and Williams, K.}
}
@article {kearney_sea-level_2019,
	title = {Sea-level rise and storm surges structure coastal forests into persistence and regeneration niches},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {may},
	pages = {e0215977},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215977},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Fernandes, Arnold and Fagherazzi, Sergio},
	editor = {Magar, Vanesa}
}
@thesis {PIE482,
	title = {The Sediment Sonata: The Relationship Between Marsh Sediment Compaction and the Burrowing Behavior of the Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab Leptuca (Uca) pugilator. },
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts, Boston},
	type = {batchelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, sediment},
	author = {Wong, R.}
}
@article {PIE470,
	title = {Short-term effect of simulated salt marsh restoration by sand-amendment on sediment bacterial communities},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacteria communities, inundation, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215767},
	author = {Thomas, Francois and Morris, J.T. and Wigand, C. and Sievert, S.M.}
}
@article {PIE475,
	title = {Soil creep in a mesotidal salt marsh channel bank: Fast, seasonal,and water table mediated},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {334},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {126-137},
	keywords = {bank erosion, climate, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, tidal channels},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.001},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {bortolus_supporting_2019,
	title = {Supporting \textit{{Spartina}} : {Interdisciplinary} perspective shows \textit{{Spartina}} as a distinct solid genus},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {100},
	number = {11},
	year = {2019},
	issn = {0012-9658, 1939-9170},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.2863},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.2863},
	author = {Bortolus, Alejandro and Adam, Paul and Adams, Janine B. and Ainouche, Malika L. and Ayres, Debra and Bertness, Mark D. and Bouma, Tjeerd J. and Bruno, John F. and Ca{\c c}ador, Isabel and Carlton, James T. and Castillo, Jesus M. and Costa, Cesar S. B. and Davy, Anthony J. and Deegan, Linda and Duarte, Bernardo and Figueroa, Enrique and Gerwein, Joel and Gray, Alan J. and Grosholz, Edwin D. and Hacker, Sally D. and Hughes, A. Randall and Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique and Mendelssohn, Irving A. and Morris, James T. and Mu{\~n}oz-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Adolfo F. and Nieva, Francisco J. J. and Levin, Lisa A. and Li, Bo and Liu, Wenwen and Pennings, Steven C. and Pickart, Andrea and Redondo-G{\'o}mez, Susana and Richardson, David M. and Salmon, Armel and Schwindt, Evangelina and Silliman, Brian R. and Sotka, Erik E. and Stace, Clive and Sytsma, Mark and Temmerman, Stijn and Turner, R. Eugene and Valiela, Ivan and Weinstein, Michael P. and Weis, Judith S.}
}
@article {PIE490,
	title = {Variations in persistence and regenerative zones in coastal forests triggered by sea level rise and storms.},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {coastal forest, disturbance, ecological ratchet, hurricanes, LTER-PIE, NDVI, NDWI, persistence niche, regenerative niche, salt marsh expansion, sea level rise, storm surges},
	doi = {10.3390/rs11172019},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Nordio, G. and Munz, K. and Catucci, D. and Kearney, W.S.}
}
@article {langley_ambient_2018,
	title = {Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {12},
	year = {2018},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {5668{\textendash}5679},
	issn = {1354-1013, 1365-2486},
	doi = {10.1111/gcb.14442},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.14442},
	author = {Langley, J. Adam and Chapman, Samantha K. and La Pierre, Kimberly J. and Avolio, Meghan and Bowman, William D. and Johnson, David S. and Isbell, Forest and Wilcox, Kevin R. and Foster, Bryan L. and Hovenden, Mark J. and Knapp, Alan K. and Koerner, Sally E. and Lortie, Christopher J. and Megonigal, James P. and Newton, Paul C. D. and Reich, Peter B. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suttle, Kenwyn B. and Tilman, David}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE461,
	title = {Carbon exchange and sediment deposition in a heterogeneous New England salt marsh},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Villanova, PA},
	keywords = {carbon, disturbance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, sediment},
	author = {Zawatski, M.}
}
@article {PIE478,
	title = {Classification mapping of salt marsh vegetation byflexible monthly NDVItime-series using Landsat imagery},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {213},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {61-80},
	keywords = {C5.0 decision tree, classification mapping, Landsat imagery, long-term monitoring, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, remote sensing time-series, salt marsh vegetation community},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.08.007},
	author = {Sun, S. and Fagherazzi, S. and Liu, Y.}
}
@article {PIE451,
	title = {Comparison of Intensity Analysis and the land use dynamic degrees to measure land changes outside versus inside the coastal zone of Longhai, China},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {336-347},
	keywords = {coastal area, intensity analysis, land change, land use dynamic degree, LTER-PIE, pattern, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.057},
	author = {Huang, B. and Huang, J. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Tu, Z.}
}
@article {huang_comparison_2018,
	title = {Comparison of {Intensity} {Analysis} and the land use dynamic degrees to measure land changes outside versus inside the coastal zone of {Longhai}, {China}},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {336{\textendash}347},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.057},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X1730849X},
	author = {Huang, Boqiang and Huang, Jinliang and Gilmore Pontius, Robert and Tu, Zhenshun}
}
@article {PIE445,
	title = {Constraining Marsh Carbon Budgets Using Long-Term C Burial and Contemporary Atmospheric CO2 Fluxes},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {867-878},
	keywords = {carbon burial, carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, net ecosystem exchange, primary production, rainfall, salinity, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004336},
	author = {Forbrich, I. and Giblin, A.E. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {zuidema_controls_2018,
	title = {Controls of {Chloride} {Loading} and {Impairment} at the {River} {Network} {Scale} in {New} {England}},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {839{\textendash}847},
	issn = {00472425},
	doi = {10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418},
	author = {Zuidema, Shan and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Mineau, Madeleine M. and Green, Mark B. and Stewart, Robert J.}
}
@article {PIE468,
	title = {Criteria to Confirm Models that Simulate Deforestation and Carbon Disturbance},
	journal = {Landscape and Ecological Engineering},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {Bolivia, carbon, confirmation, deforestation, figure of merit, leaf graph, LTER-PIE, model, REDD, simulation, Total Operating Characteristic},
	doi = {10.3390/land7030105},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {fernandes_declining_2018,
	title = {Declining Radial Growth Response of Coastal Forests to Hurricanes and Nor{\textquoteright}easters},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {832{\textendash}849},
	abstract = {The Mid-Atlantic coastal forests in Virginia are stressed by episodic disturbance from hurricanes and nor{\textquoteright}easters. Using annual tree ring data, we adopt a dendroclimatic and statistical modeling approach to understand the response and resilience of a coastal pine forest to extreme storm events, over the past few decades. Results indicate that radial growth of trees in the study area is influenced by age, regional climate trends, and individual tree effects but dominated periodically by growth disturbance due to storms. We evaluated seven local extreme storm events to understand the effect of nor{\textquoteright}easters and hurricanes on radial growth. A general decline in radial growth was observed in the year of the extreme storm and 3 years following it, after which the radial growth started recovering. The decline in radial growth showed a statistically significant correlation with the magnitude of the extreme storm (storm surge height and wind speed). This study contributes to understanding declining tree growth response and resilience of coastal forests to past disturbances. Given the potential increase in hurricanes and storm surge severity in the region, this can help predict vegetation response patterns to similar disturbances in the future.},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, floods, LTER, storm surge, tree ring},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004125},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JG004125},
	author = {Fernandes, Arnold and Rollinson, Christine R. and Kearney, William S. and Dietze, Michael C. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@article {PIE446,
	title = {Declining radial growth response of coastal forests to hurricanes and nor{\textquoteright}easters},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {832-849},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, disturbance, floods, LTER-PIE, primary production, storm surge, tree ring},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004125},
	author = {Fernandes, A. and Rollinson, C.R. and Kearney, W.S. and Dietze, M.C. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE471,
	title = {Discontinuities in soil strength contribute to destabilization of nutrient-enriched creeks},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {disturbance, eutrophication, LTER-PIE, marsh loss, sea level rise, soil shear strength, wetland soil},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.2329},
	author = {Wigand, C. and Watson, E.B. and Martin, R. and Johnson, D.S. and Warren, R.S. and Hansen, A. and Davey, E. and Johnson, R. and Deegan, L.}
}
@article {PIE448,
	title = {Feedbacks Between Nutrient Enrichment and Geomorphology Alter Bottom-Up Control on Food Webs},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {estuary, food web theory, geomorphology, inorganic nutrients, landscape control, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, saltmarsh, spatially coupled, trophic subsidy},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x},
	author = {Nelson, J.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Spivak, A.C. and Sommer, N.R.}
}
@thesis {PIE481,
	title = {Herbivory and Predation Patterns in Salt Marsh Habitats of Varying Size and Varying Distribution of Spartina alterniflora and S. patens },
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts, Boston},
	type = {batchelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {herbivory, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, predation, salt marsh},
	author = {Sturdy, Linnea}
}
@article {castagno_intense_2018,
	title = {Intense {Storms} {Increase} the {Stability} of {Tidal} {Bays}},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	number = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {5491{\textendash}5500},
	issn = {0094-8276, 1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL078208},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL078208},
	author = {Castagno, Katherine A. and Jim{\'e}nez-Robles, Alfonso M. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Wiberg, Patricia L. and Fenster, Michael S. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE457,
	title = {Interacting effects of genotype and the environment on tallform Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Villanova, PA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora},
	author = {Bauer, C.}
}
@thesis {PIE459,
	title = {Investigations of pond metabolism in temperate salt marshes of Massachusetts},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Boston College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {carbon dioxide, LTER-PIE, metabolism, organic matter, oxygen, primary production, salt marsh, salt marsh ponds},
	author = {Yoo, G.}
}
@mastersthesis {8660,
	title = {Land cover impacts on mineral sediment delivery and accretion rates in tidal wetlands},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2018},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {accretion, land cover, LTER-PIE, sediment, tidal wetlands},
	author = {Rodriguez, E}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE460,
	title = {Land cover impacts on mineral sediment delivery and accretion rates in tidal wetlands},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Villanova University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Villanova, PA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land cover, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sedimentation, tidal creeks},
	author = {Rodriguez, E.}
}
@article {PIE449\&lt;br/\&gt;,
	title = {Lateral Marsh Edge Erosion as a Source of Sediments for Vertical Marsh Accretion},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, organic carbon, organic matter, salt marsh accretion, sea-level rise, sediment, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004358},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Morris, J.T. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wollheim, W.M. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE462,
	title = {Nutrient Enrichment Alters Salt Marsh Fungal Communities and Promotes Putative Fungal Denitrifiers},
	journal = {Microbial Ecology},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {decomposition, fungal denitrification, fungal ecology, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, organic matter, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s00248-018-1223-z},
	author = {Kearns, P.J. and Bulseco-McKim, A.N. and Hoyt, H. and Angell, J.H. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {PIE452,
	title = {Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns concerning land change in Changsha, China},
	journal = {Landscape and Ecological Engineering},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {agricultural area, change components, intensity analysis, land cover, LTER-PIE, socio-economic development, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1007/s11355-018-0349-y},
	author = {Quan, B. and Ren, H. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Liu, P.}
}
@article {PIE450,
	title = {A review of accuracy assessment for object-based image analysis: from per-pixel to per-polygon approaches},
	journal = {Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {137-147},
	keywords = {accuracy assessment, LTER-PIE, OBIA, object-based image analysis, per-pixel, per-polygon, remote sensing},
	doi = {10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.04.002},
	author = {Ye, S. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Rakshit, R.}
}
@article {PIE480,
	title = {River network saturation concept: factors influencing the balance of biogeochemical supply and demand of river networks},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {demand, dissolved, flow regime, fluxes, gases, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, macrosystems, modeling, removal, retention, river network, saturation, sediment, sensors, supply},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-018-0488-0},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Bernal, S. and Burns, D.A. and Czuba, J.A. and Driscoll, C.T. and Hansen, A.T. and Hensley, R.T. and Hosen, J.D. and Inamdar, S. and Kaushal, S.S. and Koenig, L.E. and Lu, Y.H. and Marzadri, A. and Raymond, P.A. and Scott, D. and Stewart, R.J. and Vidon, P.G. and Wohl, E.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE458,
	title = {The role of nitrate as an electron acceptor in microbial decomposition of salt marsh sediment organic matter and implications for carbon storage},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Northeastern University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {carbon, decomposition, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh},
	author = {Bulseco-McKim, A.}
}
@article {PIE476,
	title = {The Role of Waves, Shelf Slope, and Sediment Characteristics on the Development of Erosional Chenier Plains},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {8435-8444},
	keywords = {chenier plains, disturbance, LTER-PIE, mudflats, sandy strandplains, sediments, wave energy},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL078694},
	author = {Nardin, W. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE447,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, decomposition, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh ponds},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. M. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {spivak_shallow_2018,
	title = {Shallow ponds are biogeochemically distinct habitats in salt marsh ecosystems},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1622{\textendash}1642},
	abstract = {Runaway expansion of shallow ponds can catalyze the conversion of vegetated marshes into open water environments. Predicting how this transition affects ecosystem functioning is difficult because little is known about pond biogeochemistry. We characterized sediment organic matter sources and transformations in three ponds with different plant communities, over alternating periods of tidal isolation and flushing, during summer and fall, using a combination of stable isotopes, lipid biomarkers, and benthic fluxes. Sediment respiration rates (1.66 {\textpm} 0.09 mmol C m-2 d-1 to 28.53 {\textpm} 7.76 mmol C m-2 d-1) were comparable to shallow estuaries and driven by sulfate reduction. Rates varied across ponds, reflecting differences in summertime Ruppia maritima and macroalgae abundances, but were similar between seasons. Interactions between aboveground plant and sediment bacterial communities translated into distinct biogeochemical processes across the three ponds. Tidal isolation and summer weather intensified plant and bacterial community effects on pond carbon dynamics, resulting in algal biomass and lipid δ13C values that were 3{\textendash}12{\textperthousand} enriched, compared to nearby habitats. Surface sediment organic matter mainly derived from pond microalgae and was compositionally distinct from tidal creeks and marshes. Surprisingly, sediment bacteria were not tightly coupled to benthic microalgae but decomposed multiple carbon sources in surface sediments and became increasingly reliant on buried peat at deeper horizons. Pond development over time could largely be explained by sediment respiration and the simultaneous accretion of the surrounding marsh platform. The role of decomposition in pond expansion is consistent with previous assessments based on whole-pond metabolism rates. Consequently, future pond expansion could alter ecosystem biogeochemistry and reduce carbon storage.},
	issn = {1939-5590},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10797},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.10797},
	author = {Spivak, Amanda C. and Gosselin, Kelsey M. and Sylva, Sean P.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE454,
	title = {Signals of Nonlinear, Multiscale and Stochastic Processes in Coastal Landscapes},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {discharge, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, stage height, tidal creek},
	author = {Kearney, W.S.}
}
@article {PIE477,
	title = {Tradeoffs among hydrodynamics, sedimentfluxes and vegetationcommunity in the Virginia Coast Reserve, USA},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {98-108},
	keywords = {emergent vegetation, LTER-PIE, sediment fluxes, stability, submerged vegetation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.06.009},
	author = {Nardin, W. and Larsen, L. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.}
}
@article {PIE473,
	title = {Using Maximum Entropy Production to Describe Microbial Biogeochemistry Over Time and Space in a Meromictic Pond},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	year = {2018},
	note = {PI},
	keywords = {community function, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, maximum entropy production, meromictic, metabolic net works, microbial biogepchemustry, phototrophy},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2018.00100},
	author = {Vallino, J.J. and Huber, J.A.}
}
@article {howard_using_2018,
	title = {Using {Noble} {Gases} to {Compare} {Parameterizations} of {Air}-{Water} {Gas} {Exchange} and to {Constrain} {Oxygen} {Losses} by {Ebullition} in a {Shallow} {Aquatic} {Environment}},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	number = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2711{\textendash}2726},
	issn = {2169-8953, 2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JG004441},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JG004441},
	author = {Howard, Evan M. and Forbrich, Inke and Giblin, Anne E. and Lott, Dempsey E. and Cahill, Kevin L. and Stanley, Rachel H. R.}
}
@article {wilcox_asynchrony_2017,
	title = {Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {20},
	number = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {1534{\textendash}1545},
	issn = {1461-023X, 1461-0248},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.12861},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.12861},
	author = {Wilcox, Kevin R. and Tredennick, Andrew T. and Koerner, Sally E. and Grman, Emily and Hallett, Lauren M. and Avolio, Meghan L. and La Pierre, Kimberly J. and Houseman, Gregory R. and Isbell, Forest and Johnson, David Samuel and Alatalo, Juha M. and Baldwin, Andrew H. and Bork, Edward W. and Boughton, Elizabeth H. and Bowman, William D. and Britton, Andrea J. and Cahill, James F. and Collins, Scott L. and Du, Guozhen and Eskelinen, Anu and Gough, Laura and Jentsch, Anke and Kern, Christel and Klanderud, Kari and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Luo, Yiqi and McLaren, Jennie R. and Megonigal, Patrick and Onipchenko, Vladimir and Prev{\'e}y, Janet and Price, Jodi N. and Robinson, Clare H. and Sala, Osvaldo E. and Smith, Melinda D. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Lara and Tilman, David and White, Shannon R. and Xu, Zhuwen and Yahdjian, Laura and Yu, Qiang and Zhang, Pengfei and Zhang, Yunhai},
	editor = {Gurevitch, Jessica}
}
@article {PIE437,
	title = {Bottom-up control of parasites},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {8},
	number = {10},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, disease ecology, disturbance, eutrophication, fertilizer, host traits, inorganic nutrients, intertidal, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1885},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Heard, R.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE455,
	title = {Ecosystem metabolism in salt marsh tidal creeks and ponds: Applying triple oxygen isotopes and other gas tracers to novel environments},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/ MIT Joint Program},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, organic matter, oxygen, primary production, salt marsh, salt marsh ponds, stable isotopes, tidal creeks},
	author = {Howard, E.}
}
@article {PIE435,
	title = {The effect of evaporation on the erodibility of mudflats in a mesotidal estuary},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {194},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {118-127},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, estuaries, LTER-PIE, mudflats, tidal energy},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.011},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Viggato, T. and Vieillard, A.M. and Mariotti, G. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE443,
	title = {Effect of short-term, diel changes in environmental conditions on active microbial communities in a salt marsh pond},
	journal = {Aquatc Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {29-41},
	keywords = {disturbance, dormancy, LTER-PIE, marsh pond, microbial activity, population dynamics, rare biosphere, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/ame01837},
	author = {Kearns,P.J. and Holloway, D. and Angell, J.H. and Feinman, S.G. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE456,
	title = {Factors that affect the composition and activity of salt marsh microbial communities: the effect of nutrient loading and diel cycles},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Northeastern University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {bacteria, dormancy, LTER-PIE, marsh pond, microbial activity, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, rare biosphere, salt marsh},
	author = {Kearns, P.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE453,
	title = {The impact of extreme storm surges on Mid Atlantic coastal forests},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {coastal vegetation, disturbance, floods, LTER-PIE, primary production, storm surge, tree ring},
	author = {Fernandes, A.}
}
@article {PIE439,
	title = {Methods to summarize change among land categories across time intervals},
	journal = {Journal of Land Use Science},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {218-230},
	keywords = {category, disturbance, flow matrix, GIS, land change, LTER-PIE, time, transition},
	doi = {10.1080/1747423X.2017.1338768},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Krithivasan, R. and Sauls, L. and Yan, Y. and Zhang, Y.}
}
@article {PIE438,
	title = {Quantifying Site-Specific Physical Heterogeneity Within an Estuarine Seascape},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {40},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1385-1397},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuarine seascape, LTER-PIE, physical heterogeneity},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0207-9},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE441,
	title = {Rates and drivers of nitrogen removal by fluvial wetlands in urbanizing coastal wetlands},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {80},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {coast, fluvial, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, urban, wetland},
	author = {Whitney, C.}
}
@article {PIE431,
	title = {Regulation of salt marsh mosquito populations by the 18.6-year lunar-nodal cycle},
	journal = {Ecology},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {18.6-year lunar-nodal cycle, Aedes sollicitans, disturbance, LTER-PIE, mosquitos, salt marsh fauna},
	doi = {10.1002/ecy.1861 },
	author = {Rochlin, I. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE440,
	title = {Rules to write mathematics to clarify metrics such as the land use dynamic degrees},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {12},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {2249-2260},
	keywords = {annual change percentage, China, CLUDD, disturbance, intensity analysis, land change, LTER-PIE, mathematical notation},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-017-0584-x},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Huang, J. and Jiang, W. and Khallaghi, S. and Lin, Y. and Liu, J. and Quan, B. and Ye, S.}
}
@book {8698,
	title = {Save Our Stream},
	series = {LTER Schoolyard Series},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {30},
	publisher = {Muddy Boots},
	organization = {Muddy Boots},
	edition = {First},
	address = {Lanham},
	keywords = {stream, lawn, fertilizer, nutrients, pesticides, neighborhood, Elementary STEM},
	issn = {978-1-63076-322-0},
	url = {https://lternet.edu/schoolyard-book-series/save-our-stream/},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Tucker, J.}
}
@article {PIE436,
	title = {Sea level rise may increase extinction risk of a saltmarsh ontogenetic habitat specialist},
	journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuary, extinction risk, gastropods, global change, indirect effects, LTER-PIE, nursery, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1002/ece3.3291},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Williams, B.L.}
}
@article {PIE434,
	title = {Shallow ponds are heterogeneous habitats within a temperate salt marsh ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, ponds, primary production, salt marsh, system metabolism},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG003780},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Gosselin, K. and Howard, E. and Mariotti, G. and Forbrich, I. and Stanley, R. and Sylva, S.P.}
}
@article {PIE428,
	title = {Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms14156},
	author = {Ganju, N.K. and Defne, Z. and Kirwan, M.L. and Fagherazzi, S. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Carniello, L.}
}
@article {PIE429,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {394-407},
	keywords = {discharge, LTER-PIE, stage height, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Mariotti, G. and Deegan, L. A. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {kearney_stage-discharge_2017,
	title = {Stage-discharge relationship in tidal channels},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {394{\textendash}407},
	abstract = {Long-term records of the flow of water through tidal channels are essential to constrain the budgets of sediments and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes. Statistical models which relate discharge to water level allow the estimation of such records from more easily obtained records of water stage in the channel. Here, we compare four different types of stage-discharge models, each of which captures different characteristics of the stage-discharge relationship. We estimate and validate each of these models on a 2-month long time series of stage and discharge obtained with an acoustic Doppler current profiler in a salt marsh channel. We find that the best performance is obtained by models that account for the nonlinear and time-varying nature of the stage-discharge relationship. Good performance can also be obtained from a simplified version of these models, which captures nonlinearity and nonstationarity without the complexity of the fully nonlinear or time-varying models.},
	issn = {1541-5856},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.10168},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lom3.10168},
	author = {Kearney, William S. and Mariotti, Giulio and Deegan, Linda A. and Fagherazzi, Sergio}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE433,
	title = {Use of one versus two time points for calibration of land change models},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {land use, land use change models, LTER-PIE, model calibration},
	author = {McDermott, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE442,
	title = {Using geomorphology and animal {\textquotedblleft}individuality{\textquotedblright} to understand {\textquoteleft}scape-scale predator distributions},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Kansas State University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {distribution, estuary, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, striped bass},
	author = {Taylor, R.}
}
@article {PIE444,
	title = {Variability of Mya arenaria growth along an environmental gradient in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {235-256},
	keywords = {clam growth, environmental gradient, LTER-PIE, Mya arenaria, Plum Island Sound estuary, population dynamics, spatial variation},
	doi = {10.1007/s11273-016-9512-0},
	author = {Koo, K.A. and Walker, R.L. and Davenport, E.S. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE425,
	title = {Analyzing the response of land change models to intractable problems},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {land change, land change models, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Philbrick, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE432,
	title = {Applicability of LiDAR Technology in Saltmarshes:  Landscape-Scale Predictive Models to Local-Scale Biomass Estimation},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {134},
	school = {University of South Carolina},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {LiDAR, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh},
	author = {Edwards Jr., J.D.}
}
@article {PIE421,
	title = {Contributions of organic and inorganic matter to sediment volume and accretion in tidal wetlands at steady state},
	journal = {Earth{\textquoteright}s Future},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {110-121},
	keywords = {accretion, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, sea level, wetlands},
	doi = {10.1002/2015EF000334},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Barber,  D.C. and Callaway, J.C. and Chambers, R. and Hagen, S.C. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Johnson, B.J. and Megonigal, P. and Neubauer, S.C. and Troxler, T. and Wigand, C.}
}
@article {PIE407,
	title = {Discontinuities concentrate mobile predators: Quantifying organism-environment interactions at a seascape scale},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {conservation, discontinuities, distribution, drivers, habitat, LTER-PIE, mobile organisms, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, seascape, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1226},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@inbook {PIE424,
	title = {From Headwaters to rivers to river networks: scaling in stream ecology},
	booktitle = {Streams In a Changing Environment},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {349-388},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	keywords = {connectivity, LTER-PIE, rivers, streams},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-405890-3.00008-7},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M.},
	editor = {Jones, J. and Stanley, E.}
}
@article {PIE412,
	title = {Functional responses of salt marsh microbial communities to long-term nutrient enrichment},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {2862-2871},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, microbial communities, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.03990-15},
	author = {Graves, C.J. and Makrides, E. and Schmidt, V. and Giblin, A.E. and Cardon, Z.G. and Rand, D.M.}
}
@article {PIE413,
	title = {Limited effects of nutrient enrichment on bacterial carbon sources in salt marsh tidal creek sediments},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {544},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {107-130},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, carbon cycling, eutrophication, lipid biomarker, LTER-PIE, organic matter, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.3354/meps11587},
	author = {Spivak, A.C. and Ossolinski, J.}
}
@article {PIE397,
	title = {A linear relationship between wave power and erosion determines salt-marsh resilience to violent storms and hurricanes},
	journal = {PNAS},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {64-68},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, hurricanes, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, wind waves},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1510095112},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE422,
	title = {Microbial associations with macrobiota in coastal ecosystems: patterns and implications for nitrogen cycling},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {200-208},
	keywords = {coastal ecosystems, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, macrobiota, microbes, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1002/fee.1262},
	author = {Moulton, O.M. and Altabet, M.A. and Beman, J.M. and Deegan, L.A. and Lloret, J. and Lyons, M.K. and Nelson, J.A. and Pfister, C.A.}
}
@article {PIE420,
	title = {Nutrient enrichment induces dormancy and decreases diversity of active bacteria},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {bacteria, dormancy, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12881},
	author = {Kearns, P. and Angell, J.H. and Howard, E. and Deegan, L.A. and Stanley, R.H. and Bowen, J.L.}
}
@article {PIE427,
	title = {Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {accretion, disturbance, elevation, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2909},
	author = {Kirwan, M.L. and Temmerman, S. and Skeehan, E.E. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE409,
	title = {Quantifying striped bass (Morone saxatilis) dependence on saltmarsh-derived productivity using stable isotope analysis},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Undergrad},
	keywords = {estuaries, food web, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, saltmarsh, stable isotopes, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0092-2},
	author = {Baker, H.K. and Nelson, James and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE430,
	title = {Salt marsh erosion rates and boundary features in a shallow Bay},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1861-1875},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JF003975 },
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Defne, Z. and Ganju, N.K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE418,
	title = {Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {93-99},
	keywords = {accretion, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, wetlands},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.018},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Sax, D. and Palmer, M.E. and Booth, H.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Bertness, M.D. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE426,
	title = {Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal creeks},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms12287},
	author = {Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE416,
	title = {Saltmarsh plant responses to eutrophication},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {coastal wetland, disturbance, eutrophication, global change, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient pollution, plants, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1002/eap.1402},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Warren, R.S. and Deegan, L.A. and Mozdzer, T.J.}
}
@article {PIE410,
	title = {Satisfaction, water and fertilizer use in the American residential macrosystem},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {environmental satisfaction, inorganic nutrients, lawns, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, residential land use, urban ecology, water},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034004},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Polsky, C. and Bettez, N.D. and Morse, J.L. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K. and Ogden, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki, D. and Chowdhury, R.R.}
}
@article {PIE423,
	title = {SimiVal, a multi-criteria map comparison tool for land-change model projections},
	journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {land-change, land-change model, LTER-PIE, map tool},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.016},
	author = {Bradley, A.V. and Rosa, I.M.D. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Ahmed, S.E. and Araujo, M.B. and Brown, D.G. and Brandao Jr, A. and Carnerio, T.G.S. and Hartley, A.J. and Smith, M.J. and Ewers, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE415,
	title = {Soil creep in salt marshes},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1130/G37708.1},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Kearney, W.S. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE419,
	title = {Spartina alterniflora biomass allocation and temperature: implications for salt marsh persistence with sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biomass, climate change, elevation, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0142-9},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Angermeyer, A. and Adler, J.M. and Bertness, M.D. and Deegan, L.A. and Sibinga, N. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE414,
	title = {A test of biological trait analysis with nematodes and an anthropogenic stressor},
	journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PD Plim Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, environmental monitoring, functional groups, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s10661-016-5128-3},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE402,
	title = {Thermodynamics of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles: Lotka Revisited},
	journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2016},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {333-356},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, entropy, LTER-PIE, maximum entropy production, MEP},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015843},
	author = {Vallino, J.J. and Algar, C.K.}
}
@article {PIE385,
	title = {Behavior-based aggregation of land categories for temporal change analysis},
	journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {229-238},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jag.2014.09.007},
	author = {Aldwaik, S.Z. and Onsted, J.A. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@thesis {PIE348,
	title = {Distribution patterns of <i>Melampus bidentatus </i>and their implications on the effects of climate change on salt marsh animal populations},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Florida State University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	keywords = {climate change, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, snails},
	author = {Williams, B.}
}
@article {PIE394,
	title = {Drivers of spatial and temporal variability in estuarine food webs},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {533},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {67-77},
	keywords = {estuarine, food webs, long-term, LTER-PIE, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.3354/meps11389},
	author = {Nelson, J.A. and Deegan,L. and Garritt, R.H.}
}
@article {PIE396,
	title = {Ecosystem service preferences and priorities for residential landscapes: Homogeneity and heterogeneity across diverse cities. },
	journal = {Urban Ecosystems},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {ecosystem services, human values, land management, lawns, LTER-PIE, residential landscapes, urban sustainability},
	doi = {10.1007/s11252-015-0477},
	author = {Larson, K.L. and Nelson, K.C. and Samples, S.R. and Hall, S.J. and Bettez, N.D. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, M. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S. and Learned, J. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Ogden,L.A. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Chowdhury, R.R. and Steele, M. and Trammell, T.L.E.}
}
@article {PIE401,
	title = {Ecosystem{\textquoteright}s 80th and the Reemergence of Emergence},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {18},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {735-739},
	keywords = {ecosystem, emergence, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-015-9893-6},
	author = {Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@article {PIE383,
	title = {Flowering and biomass allocation in U.S. Atlantic coast <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {102},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {biomass allocation, flowering, LTER-PIE, phenology, population dynamics, primary production, seed supply, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.3732/ajb.1400534},
	author = {Crosby, S.C. and Ivens-Duran, M. and Bertness, M.D. and Davey, E. and Deegan, L.A. and Leslie, H.M.}
}
@article {PIE417,
	title = {A framework for quantifying the magnitude and variability of community responses to global change drivers},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {6},
	number = {12},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {beta diversity, community dissimilarity, convergence, divergence, LTER-PIE, multivariate analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, population dynamics, rank abundance curve, species composition},
	doi = {10.1890/ES15-00317.1},
	author = {Avolio, M.L and La Pierre, K.J. and Houseman, G.R. and Koerner, S.E. and Grman, E. and Isbell, F. and Johnson, D.S. and Wilcox, K.R.}
}
@article {PIE381,
	title = {Global environmental change and the nature of aboveground net primary productivity responses: insights from long-term experiments},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {aboveground productivuty, disturbance, hierarchial respopnse framework, long-term ecological research network, LTER-PIE, nutrient addition, precipitation manipulation, primary production},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9},
	author = {Smith, M.D. and La Pierre, K.J. and Collins, S.L. and Knapp, A.K. and Gross, K.L. and Barrett, J.E. and Frey, S.D. and Gough, L. and Miller, R.J. and Morris, J.T. and Rustad, L.E. and Yarie, J.}
}
@article {PIE384,
	title = {Implications of using 2m versus 30 m spatial resolution data for suburban residential land change modeling},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Informatics},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1-13},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, LTER-PIE, spatial resolution},
	doi = {0.3808/jei.201400284},
	author = {Blanchard, S. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Urban, K.M.}
}
@article {PIE408,
	title = {Increased nitrogen export from eastern North America to the Atlantic Ocean due to climatic and anthropogenic changes during 1901{\textendash}2008},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1046-1068},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen export, rivers},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JG002763},
	author = {Yang, Q. and Tian, H. and Friedrichs, M.A.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Lu, C. and Najjar, R.G.}
}
@article {PIE403,
	title = {An index to characterize the spatial distribution of land use within watersheds and implications for river network nutrient removal and export},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, land use, LTER-PIE, nitrogen export, watershed},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064965},
	author = {Mineau, M.M. and Wollheim, W.M. and Stewart, R.J.}
}
@article {PIE395,
	title = {<i>Ulva</i> additions alter soil biogeochemistry and negatively impact Spartina alterniflora growth},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {532},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI},
	pages = {59-72},
	keywords = {allelochemicals, allelopathy, disturbance, eutrophic estuary, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, salt marsh loss},
	doi = {10.3354/meps11334},
	author = {Watson, E.B. and Wigand, C. and Oczkowski, A.J. and Sundberg, K. and Vendettuoli, D. and Jayaraman, S. and Saliba, K. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE398,
	title = {Local variability in erosional resistance affects large scale morphodynamic response of salt marshes to wind waves},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, wind waves},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064730},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE411,
	title = {Marsh-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in a New England salt marsh},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research- Biogeosciences},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	keywords = {carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1002/2015JG003044},
	author = {Forbrich, I. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE399,
	title = {Modeling the effect of Marine Processes on Deltaic Wetland},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, sedimentation, waves, wind waves},
	author = {Leonardi, N.}
}
@inbook {PIE390,
	title = {Mysteries in the marsh},
	booktitle = {Long-Term Ecological Research: Changing the Nature of Scientists},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	keywords = {history, LTER, LTER-PIE, marshes},
	isbn = {9780199380213},
	author = {Giblin, A.E.},
	editor = {Willig, M.R. and Walker, L.R.}
}
@inbook {PIE392,
	title = {Perspectives on a 30-Year Career of Salt Marsh Research},
	booktitle = {Long-Term Environmental Research: Changing the Nature of Scientists},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	chapter = {33},
	keywords = {ecology, long-term, LTER-PIE, research funding},
	isbn = {9780199380213},
	author = {Morris, J.T.},
	editor = {Willig, M.R. and Walker, L.R.}
}
@article {PIE405,
	title = {Removal of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems of a temperate river network},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {aquatic processing, LTER-PIE, organic matter, terrestrial dissolved organic carbon},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GL064647},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Stewart, R.J. and Aiken, G.R. and Butler, K.D. and Morse, N.B. and Salisbury, J.}
}
@article {PIE380,
	title = {The savory swimmer swims North: A northern range extension of the blue crab <i>Callinectes sapidus</i>?},
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {105-110},
	keywords = {Callinectes, climate change, climate velocity, decapod, disturbance, LTER-PIE, marine invasion, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1163/1937240X-00002293},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE382,
	title = {Time-dependent behavior of a placed bed of cohesive sediment subjected to erosion and deposition cycles},
	journal = {Ocean Dynamics},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {287-294},
	keywords = {cycles, disturbance, erodibility, flocculation, long-term, LTER-PIE, mud},
	doi = {10.1007/s10236-014-0798-2},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Valentine, K. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE406,
	title = {Urban evolution: the role of water},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {4063-4087},
	keywords = {convergent urban evolution, disturbance, LTER-PIE, transitional ecosystems, urban adaptation, urban calcium cycle, urban karst, urban succession, urban watershed continuum},
	doi = {10.3390/w7084063},
	author = {Kaushal, S.S. and McDowell, W.H. and Wollheim, W.M. and Newcomer Johnson, T.A. and Mayer, P.M. and Belt, K.T. and Pennino, M.J.}
}
@article {PIE368,
	title = {Animating the Carbon Cycle},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {17},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {344-359},
	keywords = {animal management, animal mediation, biogeochemical cycling, carbon budgets, carbon cycling, LTER-PIE, organic matter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-013-9715-7},
	author = {Schmitz, O.J. and Raymond, P. A. and Estes, J.A. and Kurz, W.A. and Holtgrieve, G.W. and Ritchie, M.E. and Schindler, D.E. and Spivak, A.C. and Wilson, R.W. and Bradford, M.A. and Christensen, V. and Deegan, L. and Smetacek, V. and Vanni, M.J. and Wilmers, C.C.}
}
@article {PIE360,
	title = {Assessing the homogenization of urban land management with an application to US residential lawn care.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {4432-4437},
	keywords = {disturbance, land-change science, LTER-PIE, private land management, sustainability science, urban ecology},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1323995111},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Grove, J.M. and Knudson, C. and Groffman, P.M. and Bettez, N.D. and Canvender-Bares, J. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K.C. and Ogden, L.A. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Pataki,D.E. and Roy Chowdury, R. and Steele, M.}
}
@article {PIE374,
	title = {Climate variability masks the impacts of land use change on nutrient export in a suburbanizing watershed},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {aquatic processing, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, long-term change, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, phosphorus, seasonality, suburbanization, watershed},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-014-9998-6},
	author = {Morse, N.B. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE361,
	title = {Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {cities, convergence, disturbance, hydrography, LTER-PIE, surface water, urban streams, urban water bodies, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-014-9751-y},
	author = {Steele, M.K. and Heffernan, J.B. and Bettez, N.D. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Hall, S. and Hobbie, S.E. and Larson, K. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K.C. and O{\textquoteright}Neil-Dunne, J. and Ogden, L and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Roy Chowdury, R.}
}
@article {PIE376,
	title = {Creating spatially-explicit lawn maps without classifying remotely sensed imagery: The case of suburban Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Cities and the Environment},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {Boston, disturbance, land-change science, lawns, LTER-PIE, Monte Carlo simulation, quantity and allocation disagreement, suburbanization},
	author = {Giner, N.M. and Polsky, C. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Runfola, D.M. and Ratick S.J.}
}
@article {PIE347,
	title = {Ecological Homogenization of Urban America},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {74-81},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, plant communities, population dynamics, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1890/120374},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and Cavender-Bares, J. and Bettez, N.D. and Grove, J.M. and Hall, S.J. and Heffernan, J.B. and Hobbie. S.E. and Larson, K.L. and Morse, J.L. and Neill, C. and Nelson, K. and O{\textquoteright}Neill-Dunne, J. and Ogden, L. and Pataki, D.E. and Polsky, C. and Chowdhury, R.R. and Steele, M.K.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE370,
	title = {The effects of nitrate fertilization on the photosynthetic performance of the salt marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, nitrogen fertilization, primary production, salt marsh},
	author = {Sullivan, H.L.}
}
@article {PIE378,
	title = {Fiddler on the roof: a northern range extension for the marsh fiddler crab <i>Uca pugnax</i>},
	journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {671-673},
	keywords = {climate velocity, decapod, disturbance, LTER-PIE, marine invasion, population dynamics, Uca},
	doi = {10.1163/1937240X-00002268},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE377,
	title = {How waves shape salt marshes},
	journal = {Geology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, waves},
	doi = {10.1130/G35751.1},
	author = {Leonardi, N. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE358,
	title = {Latitudinal variation in the availability and use of dissolved organic nitrogen in Atlantic coast salt marshes},
	journal = {Ecology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	keywords = {dissolved organic nitrogen, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marshes},
	doi = {10.1890/13-1823.1},
	author = {Mozdzer, T.J. and McGlathery, K.J. and Mills, A.L. and Zieman, J.C.}
}
@article {PIE375,
	title = {Long-term nutrient enrichment alters nematode trophic structure and body size in a <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> salt marsh},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1-16},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem response, LTER-PIE, morphometrics, nematode trophic guilds, opportunistic nematodes, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1111/maec.12181},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE367,
	title = {The Lotic Intersite Nitrogen Experiments: an example of successful ecological research collaboration.},
	journal = {Freshwater Science},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {700-710},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, organic matter, streams},
	doi = {10.1086/676938},
	author = {Dodds, W.K. and Webster, J. R. and Crenshaw, C. and Helton, A.M. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, J.M. and Marti, E. and Hershey, A.E. and Tank, J.L. and Burgin, A.J. and Grimm, N.B. and Hamilton, S.K. and Sobota, D.J. and Poole, G.C. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Johnson, L.T. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Hall Jr., R.A. and Johnson, S.L. and Wollheim, W.M. and Bowden, W.B.}
}
@article {PIE372,
	title = {Nitrate uptake dynamics of surface transient storage in channels and fluvial wetlands.},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {239-257},
	keywords = {denitrification, efficiency loss, fluvial wetlands, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling, river network, transient storage zones},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-014-9993-y},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Harms, T.K. and Peterson, B.J. and Morkeski, K. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Stewart, R.J. and Gooseff, M.N. and Briggs, M.A.}
}
@article {PIE345,
	title = {Predicting microbial nitrate reduction pathways in coastal sediments},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {223-238},
	keywords = {coastal sediments, estuaries, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, microbes, nitrate reduction},
	doi = {10.3354/ame01678},
	author = {Algar, C.K. and Vallino, J.J.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE393,
	title = {Quantifying the Impact of Urbanization on N and P Inputs, Transformations, Removal and Fluxes in Watersheds Draining to the Plum Island Estuary},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, phosphorus, urbanization, watershed fluxes},
	author = {Morse, N.B.}
}
@article {PIE387,
	title = {Quantity, Exchange and Shift Components of Differences in a Square Contingency Table},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {35},
	number = {21},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {7543-7554},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1080/2150704X.2014.969814},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Santacruz, A.}
}
@article {PIE386,
	title = {Recommendations for using the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC)},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {367-382},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-013-9984-8},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Parmentier, B.}
}
@article {PIE366,
	title = {The relationships among hydrodynamics, sediment distribution, and chlorophyll in a mesotidal estuary.},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {54-64},
	keywords = {disturbance, hydrodynamics, LTER-PIE, microphytobenthos, primary production, sediments, tidal flats, tides, waves},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2014.04.003},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Mariotti, G. and Banks, A.T. and Morgan, E.J. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE365,
	title = {Repeated erosion of cohesive sediments with biofilms},
	journal = {Advances in Geosciences},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {9-14},
	keywords = {biofilms, disturbance, LTER-PIE, sediment erosion, tidal flat},
	doi = {10.5194/adgeo-39-9-2014},
	author = {Valentine, K. and Mariotti, G. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE369,
	title = {Saltmarsh pool and tidal creek morphodynamics: Dynamic equilibrium of northern latitude saltmarshes?},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {99-115},
	keywords = {anthropogenic alteration, disturbance, LTER-PIE, saltmarsh ditches, saltmarsh pools, sea-level, tidal creeks, vertical accretion},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.002},
	author = {Wilson, C.A. and Hughes, Z.J. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Valentine, V. and Kolker, A.S.}
}
@article {PIE388,
	title = {The Total Operating Characteristic to measure diagnostic ability for multiple thresholds},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {570-583},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land change modeling, land use and land cover change (LUCC), LTER-PIE, relative operating characteristic (ROC), total operating characteristic (TOC)},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.862623},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Si, K}
}
@article {PIE391,
	title = {Tracking evolution of urban biogeochemical cycles: past, present, and future},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1-21},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, urban evolution, urban karst, urban succession, urban watershed continuum},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-014-0014-y},
	author = {Kaushal, S.S. and McDowell, W.H. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@inbook {PIE327,
	title = {Use of receding horizon optimal control to solve MaxEP-based biogeochemistry problems},
	booktitle = {Beyond the Second Law: Entropy Production and Non-Equilibrium Systems},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {337-359},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	keywords = {complex systems, complexity, disturbance, entropy production, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, non-equilibrium systems, organic matter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-40154-1_18.},
	author = {Vallino, J.J. and Algar, C.K. and Fernandez Gonzales, N. and Huber, J.A.},
	editor = {Dewar, R.C. and Lineweaver, C.H. and Niven, R.K. and Regenauer-Lieb, K.}
}
@article {PIE389,
	title = {Using Fine Resolution Orthoimagery and Spatial Interpolation to Rapidly Map Turf Grass in Suburban Massachusetts},
	journal = {International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research },
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, interpolation, LTER-PIE, object-based image analysis, suburbanization, Turf grass},
	author = {Runfola, D.M. and Hamill, T.A. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Rogan, J. and Giner, N. and Decatur, A. and Ratick, S.}
}
@article {PIE342,
	title = {Beaver dams maintain native fish biodiversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity throughout a low-gradient stream network.},
	journal = {Freshwater Biology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1523 - 1538},
	keywords = {beaver, disturbance, ecosystem engineer, fish assemblage, habitat heterogeneity, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, riverscape scale},
	doi = {10.1111/fwb.12153},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE340,
	title = {Brinson Review: Perspectives on the influence of nutrients on the sustainability of coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Wetlands},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {975-988},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, wetland sustainability},
	doi = {10.1007/s13157-013-0480-3},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Shaffer, J.A. and Nynam, J.A.}
}
@article {PIE325,
	title = {Causes and Consequences of Ecosystem Service Regionalization in a Coastal Suburban Watershed},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem services, historical, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen regulation, regionalization, sources, water supply, watersheds},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Green, M.B. and Pellerin, B.A. and Morse, N.B. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE356,
	title = {The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {504},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {61-70},
	keywords = {carbon budget, coasts, disturbance, estuaries, LTER-PIE, organic matter, riverine carbon flux},
	doi = {10.1038/nature12857},
	author = {Bauer, J.E. and Cai, W-J. and Raymond, P. A. and Bianchi, T.S. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Regnier, P.A.G.}
}
@article {PIE309,
	title = {Chronic nutrient enrichment increases the density and biomass of the mudsnail, Nassarius obsoletus.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {28-35},
	keywords = {bioindicator, biomonitoring, bottom-up, disturbance, estuatrine management, eutrophication, Ilyanassa obsoleta, LTER-PIE, nutrients, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-012-9555-2},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Short, M.I.}
}
@article {PIE324,
	title = {Declining Sediments and Rising Seas: an Unfortunate Convergence for Tidal Wetlands},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {accretion, dams, disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE, sea level rise, suspended sediment, tidal wetlands},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-013-9654-8},
	author = {Weston, N.B.}
}
@article {PIE334,
	title = {Diverse dietary responses by saltmarsh consumers to chronic nutrient enrichment.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1115-1124},
	keywords = {creek-wall habitat, epiphytes, estuary, filamentous algae, food web, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-013-9624-1},
	author = {Pascal, P-Y. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@thesis {PIE338,
	title = {Diversity of residential plant communities along an urbanization gradient},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Undergrad},
	pages = {36},
	school = {Brown University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, plant diversity, population dynamics, primary production, suburban, urban gradient},
	author = {Dixon, E.}
}
@thesis {PIE328,
	title = {Does Chronic Nutrient Enrichment Result in a Trophic Bottleneck in a Salt Marsh?},
	volume = {Honors, BS},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Brown University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	keywords = {fertilization, food webs, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, salt marsh},
	author = {Booth, H.S.}
}
@inbook {PIE300,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {180-200},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, nutrients, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@inbook {PIE301,
	title = {Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Flats},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {201-220},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuary, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, tidal flats},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and FitzGerald, D.M. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Wiberg, P.L. and McGlathery, K.J. and Morris, J.T. and Tolhurst, T.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.},
	editor = {Shroder, J. and Butler, D. and Hubb, C.}
}
@article {PIE341,
	title = { Ecosystem metabolism and nutrient uptake in an urban, piped headwater stream},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, metabolism, organic matter, stream, urban},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-013-9900-y},
	author = {Hope, A.J. and McDowell, W.H. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@book {PIE373,
	title = {An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {246},
	publisher = {National Academies Press},
	organization = {National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem services, LTER-PIE, resilience, restoration, wetlands},
	author = {Mayer, L.A. and Boufadel, M.C. and Brenner, J. and Carney, R.S. and Cooper, C.K. and Deming, J.W. and Die, D.J. and Eagle, J. and Geraci, J.R. and Knuth, B.A. and Lee, K. and Morris, J.T. and Polasky, S. and Rabalais, N.N. and Stahl Jr., R.G. and Yoskowitz, D. and Waddell, K.},
	editor = {National Research Council of the National Academies}
}
@thesis {PIE330,
	title = {Effect of eutrophication on benthic microalgae},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Middlebury College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Middlebury, VT},
	keywords = {fertilizer, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, microalgae, primary production},
	author = {Ritter, A.}
}
@thesis {PIE400,
	title = {The Effect of Physical and Biological Processes on the erosion of Cohesive Sediments},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sediments},
	author = {Valentine, K.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE371,
	title = {The effects of nitrate fertilization on the physiology of a common salt marsh cordgrass species, Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, nitrogen fertilization, plant physiology, salt marsh},
	author = {Freidman, K.}
}
@thesis {PIE339,
	title = {The effects of urbanization on the aboveground carbon storage and tree species composition in the Boston Metropolitan Region},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Undergrad},
	pages = {45},
	school = {Brown University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production, residential yards, tree biomass, tree species, urbanization},
	author = {Ward, E.}
}
@article {PIE332,
	title = {The ephemeral life of a salt marsh},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {943-944},
	keywords = {accretion, disturbance, erosion, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1130/focus082013.1},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@article {PIE355,
	title = {Fish biodiversity sampling in stream ecosystems: a process for evaluating the appropriate types and amount of gear.},
	journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biodiversity, conservation evaluation, ecological status, fish, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, river, stream},
	doi = {10.1002/aqc.2420},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Wells, S.P. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@article {PIE364,
	title = {Fluxes of water, sediments, and biogeochemical compounds in salt marshes},
	journal = {Ecological Processes},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuarine fluxes, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, tides},
	doi = {10.1186/2192-1709-2-3},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Wiberg, P.L. and Temmerman, S. and Struyf, E. and Zhao, Y. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@inbook {PIE326,
	title = {Future Suburban Development and the Environmental Implications of Lawns: A Case Study in New England, USA},
	booktitle = {Modeling of Land-use and Ecological Dynamics},
	series = {Cities and Nature},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {119-141},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {New York, NY},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomod, lawns, LTER-PIE, Plum Island Ecosystem, primary production, suburbanization, water use},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-40199-2_7},
	author = {Runfola, D.M. and Polsky, C. and Giner, N. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Nicolson, C.},
	editor = {Czamanski, D. and Benenson, I. and Malkinson, D.}
}
@article {PIE321,
	title = {A growing concern? Examining the influence of lawn size on residential water use in suburban Boston, MA, USA},
	journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {113-123},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomod, lawns, LTER-PIE, Plum Island Ecosystem, primary production, suburbanization, water use},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.006},
	author = {Runfola, D.M. and Polsky, C. and Nicolson, C. and Giner, N.M. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Krahe, J. and Decatur, A}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE329,
	title = {Habitat heterogeneity concentrates predators in the seascape: linking intermediate-scale estuarine habitat to striped bass distribution},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	keywords = {estuaries, habitat, heterogeneity, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, striped bass},
	author = {Kennedy, C.G.}
}
@article {,
	title = {History of nutrient inputs to the Northeastern United States, 1930-2000.},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Data},
	pages = {578-591},
	keywords = {anthropogenic, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, Northeast United States, nutrient inputs},
	doi = {10.1002/gbc.20049},
	author = {Hale, R.L. and Hoover, J.H. and Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J.}
}
@article {PIE313,
	title = {The importance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in the nitrogen cycle of coastal ecosystems.},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {124-131},
	keywords = {coastal ecosystems, denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycle},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.54},
	author = {Giblin, A.E. and Tobias, C.R. and Song, B. and Weston, N. and Banta, G.T. and Rivera-Monroy, V.H.}
}
@article {PIE318,
	title = {Long-term nutrient enrichment elicits a weak density response by saltmarsh meiofauna},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {713},
	number = {1},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {97-114},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, bottom-up effects, LTER-PIE, Manayunkia aestuarina, meiofauna, natural variability, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-013-1496-7},
	author = {Mitwally, H.M. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@book {PIE357,
	title = {Long-Term Trends in Ecological Systems: A Basis for Understanding Responses to Global Change. },
	volume = {Technical Bulletin Number 1931},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {396},
	publisher = {National Technical Information Services},
	organization = {National Technical Information Services},
	address = {Springfield, Virginia},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production},
	author = {Peters, D.P.C. and Laney, C.M. and Lugo, A.E. and Collins, S.L. and Driscoll, C.T. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Knapp, A.K. and JKratz, T.K. and Ohman, M.D. and Waide, R.B. and Yao, J.}
}
@article {PIE311,
	title = {Map errors that could account for deviations from a uniform intensity of land change},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science },
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {category, change, error, intensity analysis, LTER-PIE, time},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.787618},
	author = {Aldwaik, S. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE322,
	title = {Measuring the temporal instability of land change using the Flow matrix},
	journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, land-change science, Markov, LTER, LTER-PIE, model assumptions, temporal instability},
	doi = {10.1080/13658816.2013.792344},
	author = {Runfola, D.S.M. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE346,
	title = { Microbes in nature are limited by carbon and energy: the starving-survival lifestyle in soil and consequences for estimating microbial rates},
	journal = {Frontiers in Terrestrial Microbiology},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, microbial metabolism, organic matter, soils},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2013.00324},
	author = {Hobbie, J.E. and Hobbie, E.A.}
}
@article {PIE333,
	title = {Mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>, responses to long-term, whole-ecosystem nutrient enrichment.},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {492},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {211-222},
	keywords = {abundance, eutrophication, growth rate, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, mummichog, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10495},
	author = {Lockfield, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {,
	title = {The production of urban vacant land: relational placemaking in Boston, MA neighborhoods.},
	journal = {Cities and the Environment},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {156-163},
	keywords = {civil society organization, community gardens, LTER-PIE, neighborhood perception, relational place-making, urban governance, urban vacant land},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cities.2013.06.012.},
	author = {Foo, K. and Martin, D. and Wool, C. and Polsky, C.}
}
@article {PIE310,
	title = {Response of the benthic food web to short- and long-term nutrient enrichment in saltmarsh mudflats.},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {474},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {27-41},
	keywords = {bacteria, benthic food web, benthic microalgae, disturbance, grazing rates, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, meiofauna, Nassarius obsoletus, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10090},
	author = {Pascal, P-Y. and Fleeger, J.W. and Boschker, H.T.S. and Mitwally, H.M. and Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE320,
	title = {The roles of large top predators in coastal ecosystems: new insights from Long-Term Ecological Research.  },
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {156-167},
	keywords = {bottom-up control, competition, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, pulse and press disturbance, top-down control},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.59},
	author = {Rosenblatt, A. and Heithaus, M.R. and Mather, M.E. and Matich, P. and Nifong, J.C. and Ripple, W.J. and Silliman, B.R.}
}
@article {PIE331,
	title = {Salt marsh primary production and its responses to relative sea level and nutrients},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {78-84},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marshes, sea level},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.48},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Sundberg, K. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE314,
	title = {Understanding the social determinants of lawn landscapes: A fine-resolution spatial statistical analysis in suburban Boston, Massachusetts, USA.},
	journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {25-33},
	keywords = {Boston, lawns, LTER-PIE, spatial econometrics, suburbanization, urban vegetation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.006},
	author = {Giner, N.M. and Polsky, C. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Runfola, D.M.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE349,
	title = {Validating, analyzing, and predicting lawn maps: Application of GIScience and spatial analysis in the northern Boston suburbs},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {141},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, fine-resolution maps, lawn landscapes, LTER-PIE, suburbanization},
	author = {Giner, N.M.}
}
@article {PIE317,
	title = {What happens in an estuary doesn{\textquoteright}t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research. },
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {168-179},
	keywords = {biotic connectivity, fish migration, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, striped bass},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2013.60},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Kennedy, C.G. and Deegan, L.A. and Smith, J.M.}
}
@article {PIE308,
	title = {Why Land Planners and Water Managers Don{\textquoteright}t Talk to One Another and Why They Should!},
	journal = {Society and Natural Resources},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2013},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {356-364},
	keywords = {climate adaptation, disturbance, governance gap, land planning, LTER-PIE, suburban drought, sustainable resource use, urban growth, water management},
	doi = {10.1080/08941920.2012.713448},
	author = {Gober, P. and Larson, K.L. and Quay, R. and Polsky, C. and Chang, H. and Shandas, V.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE351,
	title = {Accuracy assessment of object-based image analysis maps},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, image analysis, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Rakshit, R.}
}
@inbook {PIE195,
	title = {Adaptive management and monitoring as fundamental tools to effective salt marsh restoration.},
	booktitle = {Restoring Tidal Flow to Salt Marshes: A Synthesis of Science and Management in New England (USA)},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {14},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, primary production, restoration, tidal marsh},
	doi = {10.5822/978-1-61091-229-7_14},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.N. and Wigand, C.A.},
	editor = {Roman, C. and Burdick, D.}
}
@article {PIE294,
	title = {Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives at multiple scales: a common challenge for fish and watershed restoration. },
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {188-200},
	keywords = {Alosa, coastal rivers, distribution, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, spatial scale},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2012.675980},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Smith, J.M. and Cormier, R.D. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@inbook {PIE303,
	title = {Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Coastal Wetlands.},
	booktitle = {Recarbonization of the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Global Carbon Cycle. },
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {517-531},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	keywords = {anthropogenic disturbance, autochthonous, carbon sequestration, carbon stocks, coastal ecosystems, coastal wetlands, digital elevation model, diking, disturbance, drainage, holocene, LTER-PIE, mangroves, marsh equilibrium model, organic matter, organic rich soil, primary production, sea level rise, subsidence, suspended solids, tidal amplitude, tidal marshes, tide range},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_24},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Edwards, J. and Crooks, S. and Reyes, E.},
	editor = {Lal, R. and Lorenz, K. and H{\"u}ttl, R. and Schneider, B.U. and von Braun, J.}
}
@article {PIE289,
	title = {Beyond {\textquoteright}Lawn People{\textquoteright}: The role of emotions in suburban yard management practices},
	journal = {The Professional Geographer},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, emotion, land use, lawn, LTER-PIE, Massachusetts, primary production, suburbs, yard},
	doi = {10.1080/00330124.2012.681586},
	author = {Harris, E.M. and Martin, D.G. and Polsky, C. and Denhardt, L. and Nehring, A.}
}
@article {PIE343,
	title = {Carbon sequestration in wetland dominated coastal systems {\textemdash} a global sink of rapidly diminishing magnitude},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {186 - 194},
	keywords = {carbon sequestration, vegetated coastal systems, climate change, disturbance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, sea level rise},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2012.03.005},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Cai, W-J. and Hu, X.}
}
@article {PIE306,
	title = {Coastal eutrophication as a driver of salt marsh loss},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {490},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {388-392},
	keywords = {coastal eutrophication, disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, nutrients, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/nature11533},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S. and Warren, R.S. and Peterson, B.J. and Fleeger, J.W. and Fagherazzi, S. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@thesis {PIE335,
	title = {Factors influencing stem density in creekbank Spartina alterniflora in a New England salt marsh},
	volume = {BA},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Undergrad},
	pages = {24},
	school = {Connecticut College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {New London, CT},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, New England, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, stem density},
	author = {Chaisson, C.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE350,
	title = {Fundamental concepts of intensity analysis to understand changes among categories},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {131},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {category analysis, disturbance, GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Aldwaik, S.}
}
@techreport {PIE354,
	title = {HERO Object-based Lawn Mapping Exploration of Suburbia: Rationale, Methods and Results for the NSF Plum Island Ecosystems Long-Term Ecological Research Site},
	number = {2012-24},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	institution = {Clark University},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {GIS, fine-resolution maps, lawns, LTER-PIE, suburbanization},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Giner, N. and Decatur, A. and Runfola, D.M. and Rakshit, R.}
}
@article {PIE316,
	title = {Heterogeneity in Residential Yard Care: Evidence from Boston, Miami, and Phoenix.},
	journal = {Human Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {735-749},
	keywords = {disturbance, heterogeneity, lawns, LTER-PIE, residential landscapes, United States, urban ecology, yard management},
	doi = {10.1007/s10745-012-9514-3},
	author = {Harris, E.M. and Polsky, C. and Larson, K. and Garvoille, R. and Martin, D.G. and Brumand, J. and Ogden, L.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE352,
	title = {Human-environment interactions across space and time: examining lawns and land change in the United States},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, lawn landscapes, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	author = {Runfola, D.M.}
}
@article {PIE323,
	title = {Impacts of long-term fertilization on salt marsh tidal creek benthic nutrient and N2 gas fluxes},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {471},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {11-22},
	keywords = {denitrification, DNRA, fertilization, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen loading, salt marsh ecosystem},
	doi = {10.3354/meps10013},
	author = {Vieillard, A.M. and Fulweiler, R.W.}
}
@article {PIE319,
	title = {Impacts of suburbanization on food web stoichiometry in detritus-based streams of New England.},
	journal = {Freshwater Science},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1202-1213},
	keywords = {detritus, food webs, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, stoichiometry, stream, suburban, urban},
	doi = {10.1899/12-004.1},
	author = {Morse, N.B. and Wollheim, W.M. and Benstead, J.P. and McDowell, W.H.}
}
@article {PIE307,
	title = {Intensity Analysis to Unify Measurements of Size and Stationarity of Land Changes by Interval, Category, and Transition.},
	journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
	volume = {106},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {103-114},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, LULCC, map, matrix, pattern, process, stationary},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.010},
	author = {Aldwaik, S. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE299,
	title = {Legacy effects material flux: structural catchment changes predate long-term studies.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {575-584},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, legacy effect, long-term studies, LTER-PIE, sedimentation, streams, structural and signal legacy effects},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.8},
	author = {Bain, D. and Green, M.B. and Campbell, J. and Chamblee, J. and Fraterrigo, J. and Kaushal, S.S. and Martin, S. and Jordan, T. and Parolari, A. and Sobczak, W.V. and Weller, D.E. and Wollheim, W.M. and Boose, E. and Duncan, J. and Gettel, G. and Hall, B. and Kumar, P. and Thompson, J. and Vose, J. and Elliott, E. and Leigh, D.}
}
@article {PIE298,
	title = {Local scale carbon budgets and mitigation opportunities for the Northeastern United States.},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {23-38},
	keywords = {carbon, climate change, disturbance, energy, land use, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.7},
	author = {Raciti, S. and Fahey, T. and Hall, B. and Driscoll, C. and Carranti, F.J. and Foster, D. and Gwyther, P.S. and Jenkins, J. and Hamburg, S. and Neill, C. and Ollinger, S. and Peery, B.W. and Quigley, E. and Sherman, R. and Thomas, R.Q. and Vadeboncoeur, T.M. and Weinstein, D. and Wilson, G. and Woodbury, P. and Yandik, W.}
}
@article {PIE363,
	title = {Modeling the effect of tides and waves on benthic biofilms.},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {biofilms, disturbance, LTER-PIE, tidal flats, tides, turbulence},
	doi = {10.1029/2012JG002064},
	author = {Mariotti, G. and Fagherazzi, S.}
}
@thesis {PIE336,
	title = {Nutrient effects on Spartina patens decomposition dynamics in a New England salt marsh},
	volume = {BS},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Brown University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, New England, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina patens},
	author = {Short, M.I.}
}
@inbook {PIE304,
	title = {South Atlantic Tidal Wetlands},
	booktitle = {Wetland Habitats of North America: Ecology and Conservation Concerns},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {45-61},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	keywords = {ecology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal, wetland},
	isbn = {9780520271647},
	author = {Pennings, S. and Alber, M. and Alexander, C. and Booth, M. and Burd, A. and Cai, W-J. and Craft, C. and DePratter, C. and Di Iorio, D. and Hopkinson, C. and Joye, S. and Meile, C. and Moore, W. and Silliman, B. and Thompson, V. and Wares, J.},
	editor = {Batzer, D.P. and Baldwin, A.}
}
@article {PIE302,
	title = {Spatial and temporal diet patterns of young adult and subadult striped bass feeding in Massachusetts estuaries: trends across scales.},
	journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {30-45},
	keywords = {diets, LTER-PIE, migrant, population dynamics, scale, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1080/19425120.2011.642747},
	author = {Ferry, K.H. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE379,
	title = {Surprises and insights from long term aquatic datasets and experiments.},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {709-721},
	keywords = {data, disturbance, freshwater, inorganic nutrients, lakes, long term, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, streams},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.4},
	author = {Dodds, W.K. and Robinson, C.T. and Gaiser, E.E. and Hansen, G.J.A. and Powell, H. and Smith, J.M. and Morse, N.B. and Johnson, S. and Gregory, S.V. and Bell, T. and Kratz, T.K. and McDowell, W.H.}
}
@article {PIE312,
	title = {Urban Geochemistry: Hotbeds of Biogeochemical Diversity: Insights from Urban Long-Term Ecological Research Sites},
	journal = {Elements},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2012},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {435-438},
	keywords = {climate variability, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER, LTER-PIE, nitrogen retention, spatial heterogeneity, urban ecology},
	doi = {10.2113/gselements.8.6.435},
	author = {Bain, D.J. and Hale, R.L. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE295,
	title = {Beaver dams maintain native fish biodiversity via altered habitat heterogeneity in a coastal stream network: evaluating gear, quantifying fish assemblages, and testing ecological hypotheses with empirical data.},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	keywords = {beaver dam, coastal streams, disturbance, habitat alteration, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Smith, J.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE279,
	title = {Characterizing land changes over several points in time},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, geospatial modeling, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Zhang, Y.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE278,
	title = {Comparison of flow matrix and Markov matrix},
	volume = {MS },
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {geospatial modeling, LTER-PIE, matrices},
	author = {Xiang, W.}
}
@article {PIE287,
	title = {Death to Kappa: birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {4407-4429},
	keywords = {analysis, classification, disturbance, error, kappa, LTER-PIE, matrix, statistics, thematic mapping},
	doi = {10.1080/01431161.2011.552923},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Millones, M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE293,
	title = {Developing standardized metrics to quantify the temporal distribution of migrating anadromous herring: comparing adult returns across coastal rivers.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Amherst},
	keywords = {coastal rivers, herring, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Burak, M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE268,
	title = {Developing web-based "Interval, Category, and Transition Application"},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {geospatial modeling, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Chaudhury, R.}
}
@article {PIE285,
	title = {Differences and implications in biogeochemistry from maximizing entropy production locally versus globally},
	journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {69-85},
	keywords = {dissipative systems, disturbance, evolution, free energy, information, inorganic nutrients, living systems, LTER-PIE, organic matter, population dynamics, self-organization},
	doi = {10.5194/esd-2-69-2011},
	author = {Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {PIE283,
	title = {The ebb and flood of silica: Quantifying dissolved and biogenic silica fluxes from a temperate salt marsh},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {415-423},
	keywords = {biogenic silica, diatoms, dissolved silica, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient cycles, primary production, salt marshes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.012},
	author = {Vieillard, A., and R.W. Fulweiler, R.W. and Hughes, Z. and Carey, J.}
}
@inbook {PIE344,
	title = {Ecosystem Metabolism},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Ecology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {381 - 416},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
	organization = {John Wiley and Sons, Inc.},
	chapter = {15},
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	keywords = {ecosystem metabolism, estuaries, LTER-PIE, organic matter, oxygen, carbon dioxide, primary production},
	doi = {10.1002/9781118412787.ch15},
	author = {Testa, J.M. and Kemp, W.M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Smith, S.V.},
	editor = {Day, J.W. and Crump, B.C. and Kemp, W.M. and Yanez-Arancibia, A.}
}
@article {PIE281,
	title = {High-marsh invertebrates are susceptible to eutrophication},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {438},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {142-152},
	keywords = {disturbance, epifauna, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, Plum Island Estuary, population dynamics, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.3354/meps09306},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE286,
	title = {Metapopulation structure of <i>Vibrionaceae</i> among coastal marine invertebrates},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Collab},
	pages = {265-275},
	keywords = {genome, LTER-PIE, marine invertebrates, microbes, population dynamics, vibrios},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02328.x},
	author = {Preheim, S.P. and Boucher, Y. and Woldschutte, H. and David, L.A. and Veneziano, D. and Alm, E.J. and Polz, M.F.}
}
@article {PIE267,
	title = {Microbial community composition in salt marsh sediments resists perturbation by nutrient enrichment},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1540-1548},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, estuaries, eutrophication, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, microbes, nirS, population dynamics, resistance, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2011.22},
	author = {Bowen, J.L. and Ward, B.B. and Morrison, H.G. and Hobbie, J.E. and Valiela, I. and Deegan, L.A. and Sogin, M.L.}
}
@article {PIE290,
	title = {A Multi-Scalar Approach to Theorizing Socio-Ecological Dynamics of Urban Residential Landscapes},
	journal = {Cities and the Environment },
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use, landscape, LTER-PIE, socio-ecology, suburbia},
	doi = {10.15365/cate.4162011},
	author = {Chowdhury, R. and Larson, K. and Grove, M. and Polsky, C. and Cook, E. and Onsted, J. and Ogden, L}
}
@article {PIE284,
	title = {Natural abundance stable isotopes and dual isotope tracer additions help to resolve resources supporting a saltmarsh food web.},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {410},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1-11},
	keywords = {infauna, inorganic nutrients, isotope addition, LTER-PIE, Manayunkia aestuarina, organic matter, population dynamics, Spartina, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.007},
	author = {Galvan, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Peterson, B. and Drake, D. and Deegan, L.A. and Johnson, D.S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE277,
	title = {Nitrate reduction processes and plant N status in Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marshes},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Roskilde University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Roskilde, Denmark},
	keywords = {denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Uldahl, A.G.}
}
@article {,
	title = {Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in stream and river networks},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Science},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {214-219},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrous oxide, streams},
	doi = {210.1073/pnas.1011464108},
	author = {Beaulieu, J. J. and Tank, J.L. and Hamilton, S. K. and Wollheim, W. and Hall, R. and Mulholland, P. and Peterson, B. and Ashkenas, L. and Cooper, L. and Dahm, C. and Dodds, W. and Grimm, N. and Johnson, S. and McDowell, W. and Poole, G. and Valett, H. and Arango, C. and Bernot, M. and Burgin, A. and Crenshaw, C. and Helton, A. and Johnson, L. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, J. and Potter, J. and Sheibley, D. and Sobota, D. and Thomas, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE282,
	title = {Population-level responses of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, to chronic nutrient enrichment in a New England salt marsh},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {75},
	school = {Louisiana State University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Baton Rouge, LA},
	keywords = {disturbance, Fundulus heteroclitus, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	author = {Lockfield, K.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE276,
	title = {Relationship between fine green vegetation and socioeconomic factors},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, lawns, LTER-PIE, socioeconomics},
	author = {Rees, D.}
}
@article {PIE273,
	title = {Research on coupled human and natural Systems (CHANS): Approach, challenges and strategies},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America},
	volume = {92},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {218-228},
	keywords = {CHANS, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9623-92.2.218},
	author = {McConnell, W.J. and Millington, J.D.A. and Reo, N.J. and Alberti, M. and Asbjornsen, H. and Baker, L.A. and Brozovi{\'c}, N. and Drinkwater, L.E. and Drzyzga, S.A. and Fragoso, J. and Holland, D.S. and Jantz, C.A. and Kohler, T.A. and Maschner, H.D.G. and Monticino, M. and Podest{\'a}, G. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Redman, C.L. and Sailor, D. and Urquhart, G. and Liu, Jianguo}
}
@article {PIE270,
	title = {Residence time distribution in surface transient storage zones in streams: Estimation via signal deconvolution},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {47},
	number = {W05509},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {7 pp},
	keywords = {disturbance, hydrology, LTER-PIE, residence time, streams},
	doi = {10.1029/2010WR009959},
	author = {Gooseff, M. and Benson, D.A. and Briggs, M.A. and Weaver, M. and Wollheim, W.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE249,
	title = {Role of origin and release location in pre-spawning movements of anadromous alewives},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {12-14},
	keywords = {alosine, evaluation, LTER-PIE, native fish, restoration, stocking, telemetry, trap and transfer},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00759.x},
	author = {Frank, H.F. and Mather, M.E. and Smith, J.M. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE269,
	title = {Sensitivity of a land change model to pixel resolution and precision of the independent variable},
	journal = {Environmental Modeling \& Assessment},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad; PI Plum Data},
	pages = {37-52},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1007/s10666-010-9233-3},
	author = {Chen, H. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE292,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal among main channel and two transient storage compartments},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, nutrients, river network, transient storage},
	doi = {10.1029/2010WR009896},
	author = {Stewart, R.J. and Wollheim, W.M. and Gooseff, M. and Briggs, M.A. and Jacobs, J.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE274,
	title = {Short-term nitrogen additions can shift a coastal wetland from a sink to a source of N<sub>2</sub>O},
	journal = {Atmospheric Envrionment},
	volume = {45},
	number = {26},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {4390-4397},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.046},
	author = {Moseman-Valtierra, A. and Gonzalez, R. and Kroeger, K.D. and Tang, J. and Chao, W.C. and Crusius, J. and Bratton, J. and Green, A. and Shelton, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE271,
	title = {Spatial methods to predict land cover},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, geospatial modeling, land cover, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Hamill, T.}
}
@article {PIE275,
	title = {Taking the pulse of snowmelt: In situ sensors reveal season, event and diurnal patterns of nitrate and dissolved organic matter variability in an upland forest stream},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI },
	keywords = {disturbance, Diurnal, FDOM, Forested, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrate, organic matter, Snowmelt, streams},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-011-9589-8},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Saraceno, J. and Shanley, J.B. and Sebestyn, S. and Aiken, G.R. and Wollheim, W.M. and Bergamaschi, B.A.}
}
@article {PIE272,
	title = {Thinking outside the channel: Modeling nitrogen cycling in networked river ecosystems},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {229-238},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling modeling, rivers},
	doi = {10.1890/080211},
	author = {Helton, A.M. and Poole, G.C. and Meyer, J.L. and Wollheim, W.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Mulholland, P.J. and Bernhardt, E.S. and Stanford, J.A. and Arango, C. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L.W. and Dodds, W.K. and Gregory, S.V. and Hall, R.O. and Hamilton, S.K. and Johnson, S.L. and McDowell, W.H. and Potter, J.D. and Tank, J.L. and Thomas, S.M. and Valett, H.M. and Webster, J.R. and Zeglin, L.}
}
@article {PIE280,
	title = {Use of computed tomography imaging for quantifying coarse roots, rhizomes, peat, and particle densities in marsh soils},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2011},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {2156-2171},
	keywords = {bulk density, CAT scan, CT imaging, ecosystem services, eutrophication, LTER-PIE, monitoring program, organic matter, particle density, peat, rhizomes, roots, sea level rise, Spartina alterniflora},
	doi = {10.1890/10-2037.1},
	author = {Davey, E. and Wigand, C. and Johnson, R. and Sundberg, K. and Morris, J. and Roman, C.T.}
}
@article {PIE296,
	title = {Using assemblage data in ecological indicators: a comparison and evaluation of commonly available statistical tools},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {253-262},
	keywords = {cluster analysis, detrended correspondence analysis, fish assemblage, fish community, logistic regression, LTER-PIE, multidimensional scaling, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.009},
	author = {Smith, J.M. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE170,
	title = {Abundance of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria along an estuarine salinity gradient in relationship to potential nitrification rates.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1285-1289},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuaries, LTER-PIE, microbes, nitrification, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.02018-09},
	author = {Bernhard, A. and Landry, Z.C. and Blevins, A. and de al Torre, J.R. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE261,
	title = {Assessing a predictive model of land change using uncertain data},
	journal = {Environmental Modeling \& Software},
	volume = {25},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {299-309},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.09.005},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Petrova, S.}
}
@conference {PIE258,
	title = {Competition among marsh macrophytes by means of vertical geomorphological displacement},
	booktitle = {Third International Conference on Invasive Spartina},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {November 8-10, 2004},
	pages = {109-115},
	publisher = {San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project of the California State Coastal Conservance: Oakland, CA},
	organization = {San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project of the California State Coastal Conservance: Oakland, CA},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomophology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.025},
	author = {Morris, J. T.},
	editor = {Ayres, D.R., and Kerr, D.W. and Ericson, S.D. and Olofson, P.R.}
}
@thesis {PIE263,
	title = {Developing validation protocols for a water database},
	volume = {Bachelor{\textquoteright}s Degree, High Honors},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {database, disturbance, LTER-PIE, water},
	author = {Travis, K.}
}
@article {PIE254,
	title = {Diagnostic tools to evaluate a spatial land change projection along a gradient of an explanatory variable},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1319-1331},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-010-9519-5},
	author = {Chen, H. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE247,
	title = {Diversity in destinations, routes and timing of small adult and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis on their southward autumn migration},
	journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {2326-2337},
	keywords = {coastal migration, contingent, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, overwinter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02811.x},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Pautzke, S.M. and Fox, D. and Savoy, T. and Brundage III, H.M. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE291,
	title = {Drivers of Residential Lawn Care in Suburban Massachusetts: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Four Massachusetts Towns},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Tufts University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Medford},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use, lawns, LTER-PIE, primary production, suburbia},
	author = {von Trapp, K.}
}
@article {PIE227,
	title = {Ecosystem biogeochemistry considered as a distributed metabolic network ordered by maximum entropy production.},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B},
	volume = {365},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1417-1427},
	keywords = {disturbance, entropy, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, metabolism, organic matter, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2009.0272},
	author = {Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {PIE223,
	title = {The effect of increased nitrate loading on nitrate reduction via denitrification and DNRA in salt marsh sediments},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {789-802},
	keywords = {denitrification, DNRA, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0789},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE246,
	title = {The effects of salinity on nitrogen losses from an oligohaline estuarine sediment},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1054-1068},
	keywords = {ammonium, benthic fluxes, benthic respiration, denitrification, disturbance, DNRA, estuaries, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, sediments},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-010-9280-7},
	author = {Giblin, A.E. and Weston, N.B. and Banta, G.T. and Tucker, J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE245,
	title = {The effects of varying salinity on ammonium exchange in estuarine sediments of the Parker River, Massachusetts.},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {985-1003},
	keywords = {adsorption, ammonium exchange, disturbance, estuaries, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, Parker River estuary, salinity, sediments},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-010-9282-5},
	author = {Weston, N.B. and Giblin, A.E. and Banta, G. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Tucker, J.}
}
@article {PIE259,
	title = {How does vegetation affect sedimentation on tidal marshes?  Investigating particle capture and hydrodynamic controls on biologically mediated sedimentation},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	number = {F03029},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {disturbance, hydrodynamics, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JF001566},
	author = {Mudd, S.M. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE252,
	title = {How to tell when map difference indicates land change},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Alpern, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE297,
	title = {Impacts of suburbanization on food web stoichiometry of detritus-based streams.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Durham, N.H.},
	keywords = {disturbance, food web, land use, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, suburbanization},
	author = {Morse, N.B.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE253,
	title = {Implications of using fine versus coarse spatial resolution data in LUCC},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land cover, land use, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Blanchard, S.}
}
@article {PIE221,
	title = {Land transition estimates from erroneous maps},
	journal = {Journal of Land Use Science},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {31-44},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1080/17474230903222473},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Li, X.}
}
@article {PIE251,
	title = {Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {accretion, climate, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, estuaries, global change, LTER-PIE, salt marshes, sea level, sediments, vegetation, wetland},
	doi = {10.1029/2010GL045489},
	author = {Kirwan, M.L. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and D{\textquoteright}Alpaos, A. and Morris, J. T. and Mudd, S.M. and Temmerman, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE262,
	title = {Modeling water use in the metropolitan area planning council region},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, water usage},
	author = {Shmookler, R.}
}
@article {PIE257,
	title = {Salt marsh geomorphological analyses via integration of multi-temporal multispectral remote sensing with LIDAR and GIS.},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {809-816},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecogeomorphology, geomophology, geoprocessing, GIS, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, New England, organic matter, remote sensing, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00101.1},
	author = {Millette, T.L. and Argow, B. and Marcano, E. and Hayward, C. and Hopkinson, C. and Valentine, V.}
}
@article {PIE222,
	title = {Seasonal use of a New England estuary by foraging contingents of migratory striped bass},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {139},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {257 - 269},
	keywords = {acoustic telemetry, Atlantic coast, Chesapeake Bay, disturbance, habitat use, Hudson, LTER-PIE, Morone-saxatilis, movements, North Carolina, population dynamics, river, southern New-Jersey},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-222.1},
	author = {Pautzke, S.M. and Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Deegan, L.A. and Muth, R.M.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE260,
	title = {Sensitivity of land cover analysis to category aggregation},
	volume = {MS Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land cover, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Nguyen, T.}
}
@article {PIE248,
	title = {Surface and hyporheic transient storage dynamics throughout a coastal stream network.},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {46},
	number = {W06516},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {hyporheic zone, LTER-PIE, organic matter, stream network, transient storage, two storage zone model},
	doi = {10.1029/2009WR008222},
	author = {Briggs, M.A. and Gooseff, M.N. and Peterson, B.J. and Morkeski, K. and Wollheim, W.M. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE353,
	title = {Testing the sensitivity of land change results to category aggregation},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {category aggregation, disturbance, GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Adjei, W.}
}
@thesis {PIE255,
	title = {Top-down and bottom-up benthic macroinvertebrate communities in salt marsh ditches},
	volume = {Bachelor{\textquoteright}s Degree},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Middlebury College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Middlebury, VT},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Grubaugh, C.}
}
@article {PIE216,
	title = {Uncertainty in the difference between maps of future land change scenarios},
	journal = {Sustainability Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {39-50},
	keywords = {accuracy, calibration, disturbance, geomod, land use change, LTER-PIE, model, simulation, Validation},
	doi = {10.1007/s11625-009-0095-z},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Neeti, N.}
}
@article {PIE244,
	title = {Variability in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Spartina alterniflora and its effect on Littoraria irrorata.},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {406},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {47-55},
	keywords = {attractant, deterrent, disturbance, DMSP, Littoraria irrorata, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh, salt marsh dieback, Spartina alterniflora, stress hormone},
	doi = {10.3354/meps08548},
	author = {Kiehn, W.M. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@thesis {PIE256,
	title = {Visualizing and computing land cover proportions},
	volume = {Bachelor{\textquoteright}s Degree, High Honors},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land cover, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Hamill, T.}
}
@article {PIE264,
	title = {Wetland-estuarine-shelf interactions in the Plum Island Sound and Merrimack River in the Massachusetts coast},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {115},
	number = {C10(C10039))},
	year = {2010},
	note = {PD Plum Data; PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1-13},
	keywords = {disturbance, estuaries, hydrodynamics, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JC006085},
	author = {Zhao, L. and Chen, C. and Vallino, J. and Hopkinson, C. and Beardsley, R.C. and Lin, H. and Lerczak, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE250,
	title = {Adapting to Suburbanization-Induced Water Stress in Eastern Massachusetts: Opportunities and Constraints for Integrated Land-Use and Water Resource Management.},
	volume = {M.A.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use, LTER-PIE, suburbia, water resources},
	author = {Guha, A.}
}
@article {,
	title = {The Adopt-a-Herring Program as a Fisheries Conservation Tool},
	journal = {Fisheries},
	volume = {34},
	number = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {496-507},
	keywords = {aquatic stewardship, biology, disturbance, environmental-education program, LTER-PIE, management, nongovernmental organizations, outreach, population dynamics, restoration, scientists, society, species conservation},
	doi = {10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.496},
	author = {Frank, H.J. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE206,
	title = {Anammox in tidal marsh sediments: The role of salinity, nitrogen loading, and marsh vegetation},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {238-245},
	keywords = {anammox, denitrification, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-008-9131-y},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE176,
	title = {The biogeochemical influences of nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon on stream nitrate uptake.},
	journal = {Journal of the North American Benthological Society},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {894-907},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, net nutrient uptake, nitrate, nitrate uptake, organic matter, priming effect, solute addition},
	doi = {10.1899/08-183.1},
	author = {Thouin, J.A. and Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Jacobs, J. and McDowell, W.H.}
}
@article {PIE305,
	title = {The contribution of agricultural and urban activities to inorganic carbon fluxes within temperate watersheds.},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {266},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {318-327},
	keywords = {dissolved inorganic carbon, disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE, nitrification, nutrients, riverine flux, watersheds, weathering},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.018},
	author = {Barnes, R.T. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {PIE181,
	title = {Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {91-116},
	keywords = {anthropogenic nitrogen, denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LINX, LTER-PIE, NHD river network, nitrate loss, nitrate model, nitrate removal efficiency, seasonal},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8},
	author = {Alexander, R.B. and Bohlke, J.F. and Boyer, E.W. and David, M. and Harvey, J.W. and Mulholland, P.J. and Seitzinger, S.P. and Tobias, C.R. and Tonitto, C. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE225,
	title = {Effective denitrification scales predictably with water residence time across diverse systems},
	journal = {Nature Precedings},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, estuary, ground water, inorganic nutrients, lake, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, residence, river, soil, stream, time scaling, water, wetland},
	doi = {10101/npre.2009.3520.1},
	author = {Green, M. and Wollheim, W.M. and Basu, N. and Gettel, G.M. and Rao, P. and Morse, N. and Stewart, R.}
}
@article {PIE185,
	title = {Effects of regular salt marsh haying on marsh plants, algae, invertebrates and birds at Plum Island Sound, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {469-487},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, disturbance, haying, LTER-PIE, Orchestia, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, shorebirds, Spartina, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1007/s11273-008-9125-3},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.N. and Deegan, L.A. and Horowitz, J. and Garritt, R.H. and Ludlam, J.P. and Shull, D. H.}
}
@article {PIE337,
	title = {Effects of warming and altered precipitation on plant and nutrient dynamics of a New England salt marsh},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {19},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {1758 - 1773},
	keywords = {altered precipitation, climate change, decomposition, Distichlis spicata, disturbance, ecosystem services, LTER-PIE, nutrient cycling, open-topped chamber, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0172.1},
	author = {Charles, H. and Dukes, J.S.}
}
@article {PIE218,
	title = {Evaluation of a gastric radio tag insertion technique for anadromous river herring.},
	journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {367-377},
	keywords = {American shad, behavior, confinement, fish, fresh-water, LTER-PIE, migration, physiology, population dynamics, salmon smolts, stress-response, tracking},
	doi = {10.1577/M08-111.1},
	author = {Smith, J.S. and Mather, M.E. and Frank, H.J. and Muth, R.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE192,
	title = {Evaluation of pre-spawning movements of anadromous alewives in the Ipswich River using radiotelemetry},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, restoration, river herring},
	author = {Frank, H.}
}
@article {PIE188,
	title = {Examining mummichog growth and movement: Are some individuals making intra-season migrations to optimize growth?},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {8-16},
	keywords = {animal movement, estuary, Fundulus heteroclitus, LTER-PIE, mummichogs, population dynamics, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2008.09.027},
	author = {Haas, H.L. and Freeman, C.J. and Logan, J.M. and Deegan, L and Gaines, E.F.}
}
@article {PIE212,
	title = {Impact of the dynamic feedback between sedimentation, sea level rise, and biomass production on near surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {377-389},
	keywords = {accretion, belowground biomass, carbon storage, disturbance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, organic sediments, primary production, salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2009.01.028},
	author = {Mudd, S.M. and Howell, S. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE209,
	title = {Increased supply of ambient nitrogen has minimal effect on salt marsh bacterial production},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography },
	volume = {54},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {713 - 722},
	keywords = {bacterial production, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0713},
	author = {Bowen, J.L. and Crump, B.C. and Deegan, L.A. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@article {PIE191,
	title = {Large-scale manipulations reveal that top-down and bottom-up controls interact to alter habitat utilization by saltmarsh fauna},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {377},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {33-41},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem experiments, epifauna, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, multi-stressors, parasites, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07849},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@article {PIE213,
	title = {Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	keywords = {biomass, climate, disturbance, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, sea level, temperature, warming, wetland},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x},
	author = {Kirwan, M.L. and Guntenspergen, G.R. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE235,
	title = {The Long-Term Ecological Research community metadata standardisation project: a progress report.},
	journal = {International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {141-153},
	keywords = {ecological metadata language, EML, LTER-IMC, LTER-PIE, metadata, metadata management, standardisation},
	doi = {10.1504/IJMSO.2009.027750},
	author = {San Gil, I. and Baker, K. and Campbell, J. and Denny, E.G. and Vanderbilt, K. and Riordan, B. and Koskela, R. and Downing, J. and Grabner, S. and Melendez, E. and Walsh, J.M. and Kortz, M. and Conners, J. and Yarmey, L. and Kaplan, N. and Boose, E.R. and Powell, L. and Gries, C. and Schroeder, R. and Ackerman, T. and Ramsey, K. and Benson, B. and Chipman, J. and Laundre, J. and Garritt, H. and Henshaw, D. and Collins, B. and Gardner, C. and Bohm, S. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, M. and Gao, J. and Sheldon, W. and Lyon, S. and Bahauddin, D. and Servilla, M. and Costa, D. and Brunt, J.}
}
@article {PIE224,
	title = {A method for estimating surface transient storage parameters for streams with concurrent hyporheic storage},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	keywords = {distrubance, hyporheic, LTER-PIE, streams, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2008WR006959},
	author = {Briggs, M.A. and Gooseff, M.N. and Arp, C.D. and Baker, M.A.}
}
@article {PIE205,
	title = {Modeling denitrification in aquatic sediments},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {159-178},
	keywords = {denitrification, diagenetic model, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, sediment},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9270-z},
	author = {Fennel, K. and Brady, D. and DiToro, D. and Fulweiler, R.W. and Gardner, W.S. and Giblin, A. and McCarthy, M.J. and Rao, A. and Seitzinger, S. and Thouvenot-Korppoo, M. and Tobias, C.}
}
@inbook {PIE288,
	title = {The Mounting Risk of Drought in a Humid Landscape: Structure and Agency in Suburbanizing Massachusetts. },
	booktitle = {Sustainable Communities on a Sustainable Planet: The Human-Environment Regional Observatory Project},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {disturbance, drought, land use, LTER-PIE, suburbia},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511635694.011},
	author = {Polsky, C. and Assefa, S. and Del Vecchio, K. and Hill, T. and Merner, L. and Tercero, I. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.},
	editor = {Yarnal, B. and Polsky, C. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, J.}
}
@article {PIE207,
	title = {A new approach for measuring denitrification in the rhizosphere of vegetated marsh sediments},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography, Methods},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {626 - 637},
	keywords = {denitrification, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, marsh sediment, nitrogen},
	doi = {10.4319/lom.2009.7.626},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE208,
	title = {Nutrient cycling relative to δ15N and δ13C natural abundance in a coastal wetland with long-term nutrient additions},
	journal = {Aquatic Ecology},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {coastal wetland, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, natural abundance, nitrogen, nutrient loading, nutrient uptake, phosphorus, δ13C, δ15N},
	doi = {10.1007/s10452-008-9221-8},
	author = {Bernot, M.J. and Bernot, R.J. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE215,
	title = {Range of categorical associations for comparison of maps with mixed pixels},
	journal = {Photogrammetric Engineering \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {75},
	number = {8},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {963-969},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.14358/PERS.75.8.963},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Connors, J.}
}
@article {PIE182,
	title = {The regional and global significance of reactive N removal in lakes and reservoirs},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {147-158},
	keywords = {denitrification, global limnology, inorganic nutrients, lakes, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen removal, resevoirs},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x},
	author = {Harrison, J. and Maranger, R. and Alexander, R.B. and Cornwell, J. and Giblin, A. and Jacinthe, P. and Mayorga, E. and Seitzinger, S. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE214,
	title = {Relationships Between Spartina alterniflora and Littoraria irrorata in a South Carolina Salt Marsh},
	journal = {Wetlands},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {818-825},
	keywords = {bottom-up, detritivore, herbivory, Littoraria irrorata, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production, Spartina, top-down},
	doi = {10.1672/08-178.1},
	author = {Kiehn, W.M and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE210,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem biogeochemical responses to nutrient enrichment: A paired <sup>15</sup>N tracer study.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {90},
	number = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {2535-2546},
	keywords = {biogeochemistry, disturbance, eutrophication, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, New England, nitrogen processing efficiency, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh, stable isotopes, USA},
	doi = {10.1890/08-1051.1},
	author = {Drake, D.C. and Peterson, B.J. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A. and Fleeger, J.W. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, J.M. and Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Picard, C. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE169,
	title = {Salt marsh sediment bacteria: their distribution and response to external nutrient inputs},
	journal = {The ISME Journal},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {924 - 934},
	keywords = {bacteria, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2009.44},
	author = {Bowen, J.L. and Crump, B.C. and Deegan, L.A. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE193,
	title = {Sensitivity Analysis for Scenarios of Water Withdrawal in Massachusetts},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester, MA},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, water withdrawal, watershed},
	author = {Broo, S.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE226,
	title = {Separation of river network scale nitrogen removal between surface and hyporheic transient storage compartments.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {disturbance, hyporheic, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, rivers},
	author = {Stewart, R.}
}
@article {PIE238,
	title = {Striped bass: the coastal connection.},
	journal = {Sanctuary},
	volume = {48},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {9-11},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@article {PIE202,
	title = {Use of non-natal estuaries by migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in summer},
	journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2009},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {329 - 337},
	keywords = {Canada, Chesapeake-bay, habitat, LTER-PIE, markov-chain, movement, patterns, population, population dynamics, salmon, site fidelity, state-space models},
	author = {Mather, M.E. and Finn, J.T. and Ferry, K.H. and Deegan, L.A. and Nelson, G.A.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE359,
	title = {Variation in the availability and utilization of dissolved organic nitrogen by the smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora},
	volume = {PhD.},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {179},
	school = {University of Virginia},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Charlottesville, VA},
	keywords = {inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marshes},
	author = {Mozdzer, T.J.}
}
@article {PIE220,
	title = {Weak response of saltmarsh infauna to ecosystem-wide nutrient enrichment and fish predator reduction: A four-year study},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {373},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {35-44},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.003},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W.}
}
@article {PIE219,
	title = {What is {\textquoteright}fallback{\textquoteright}: metrics needed to assess telemetry tag effects on anadromous fish behaviour},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {237 - 249},
	keywords = {alosine, behavior, LTER-PIE, movement, population dynamics, tag effect},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-009-9917-3},
	author = {Frank, H. and Mather, M.E. and Muth, R.M. and Pautzke, S.M. and Smith, J.M. and Finn, J.T. and McCormick, S.D.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE204,
	title = {The biogeochemical influences of nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon on stream nitrate uptake},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {carbon, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrate, nitrogen, oxygen},
	author = {Thouin, J.}
}
@article {PIE197,
	title = {Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {95-100},
	keywords = {ecosystem metabolism, estuaries, fluvial networks, heterotrophy, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, rivers},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo101},
	author = {Battin, T.J. and Kaplan, L. and Findlay, S. and Hopkinson, C. and Marti, E. and Packman, A. and Newbold, J.D. and Sabater, F.}
}
@article {PIE198,
	title = {Consequences of climate change on the ecogeomorphology of coastal wetlands},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {477-491},
	keywords = {climate change, coastal wetlands, disturbance, ecogeomorphology, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-008-9047-6},
	author = {Day, J.W. and Christian, R.R. and Boesch, D.M. and Yanez-Arancibia, A. and Morris, J.T. and Twilley, R.R. and Naylor, L. and Schaffner, L. and Stevenson, C.}
}
@article {PIE189,
	title = {Defining Linkages between the GSC and NSF{\textquoteright}s LTER Program: How the Ecological Metadata Language (EML) Relates to GCDML and Other Outcomes},
	journal = {Omics},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {151-156},
	keywords = {Genomic Standards Consortium, genomics, LTER-IMC, LTER-PIE, metadata, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1089/omi.2008.0015},
	author = {San Gil, I. and Sheldon, W. and Schmidt, T. and Servilaa, M. and Aguilar, R. and Gries, C. and Gray, T. and Field, D. and Cole, J. and Yun Pan, J. and Palanisamy, G. and Henshaw, D. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, M. and Kinkel, L. and McMahon, K. and Kottman, R. and Amaral-Zettler, L. and Hobbie, J. and Goldstein, P. and Guralnick, R.P. and Brunt, J. and Michener, W.K.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE228,
	title = {The diet of saltmarsh invertebrates},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {238},
	school = {Louisiana State University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Baton Rouge, LA},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	author = {Galv{\'a}n, K.A.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE203,
	title = {Distribution patterns of migratory striped bass in Plum Island estuary, Massachusetts},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Amherst, MA },
	keywords = {fish migration, LTER-PIE, Plum Island, MA, population dynamics, striped bass},
	author = {Pautzke, S.M.}
}
@article {PIE201,
	title = {Do spur-throated grasshoppers, <i>Melanoplus</i> spp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), exert top-down control on smooth cordgrass <i>Spartina</i><i>alterniflora</i> in northern New England?},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {912-919},
	keywords = {Acridid grasshoppers, chewing insects, LTER-PIE, Melanopus sp., population dynamics, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, top-down control},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-008-9074-3},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Jessen, B.J.}
}
@article {PIE184,
	title = {Dynamics of N removal over annual time scales in a suburban river network},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JG000660},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Hopkinson, C. and Thomas, S.A.}
}
@proceedings {PIE139,
	title = {Estimating the land transition matrix based on erroneous maps},
	journal = {Conference proceedings of Studying, Modeling and Sense Making of Planet Earth},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {8},
	address = {Mytilene, Greece },
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Li, X.}
}
@article {PIE180,
	title = {Global N removal by freshwater aquatic systems A spatially distributed, within-basin approach},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, nitrogen removal, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GB002963},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Bouwman, A.F. and Green, P.A. and Harrison, J. and Linder, E. and Peterson, B.J. and Green, P.A. and Seitzinger, S. and Syvitski, J.P.M.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE174,
	title = {The impact of increased Nitrogen Loading on Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Salt Marsh Sediments},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Boston University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nutrients, organic matter, salt marsh},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K.}
}
@article {PIE178,
	title = {Land change: Ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {6},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {264-272},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, ecosystems, inorganic nutrients, land use, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1890/070147},
	author = {Grimm, N. and Foster, D. and Groffman, P. and Grove, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Nadelhoffer, K. and Pataki, D. and Peters, D.}
}
@article {PIE211,
	title = {A method for estimating pore water drainage from marsh soils using rainfall and well records},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2008},
	note = {RA Plum Data},
	pages = {51-58},
	keywords = {disturbance, drainage, evapotranspiration, groundwater, LTER-PIE, marshes, specific yield},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2008.03.014},
	author = {Gardner, L.R. and Gaines, E.F.}
}
@inbook {PIE172,
	title = {Nitrogen Dynamics of Coastal Salt Marshes},
	booktitle = {Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, 2nd Edition},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {991-1036},
	publisher = {Elsevier Publishers},
	organization = {Elsevier Publishers},
	chapter = {22},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, organic matter, salt marsh},
	isbn = {9780123725226},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. and Giblin, A.},
	editor = {Capone, R. and Bronk, D. and Mulholland, M. and Carpenter, E.}
}
@article {PIE173,
	title = {Plant nitrogen dynamics in fertilized and natural New England saltmarshes: a paired 15N tracer study},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {354},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {35-46},
	keywords = {eutrophication, inorganic nitrogen, LTER-PIE, marsh ecosystem, nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, organic matter, plant ecophysiology, primary production, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07170},
	author = {Drake, D.C. and Peterson, B.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Harris, L.A. and Miller, E.E. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE177,
	title = {Stable isotope addition reveals dietary importance of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos to saltmarsh infauna},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {359},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {37-49},
	keywords = {food web, infauna, inorganic nutrients, isotope addition, LTER-PIE, microphytobenthos, organic matter, phytoplankton, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07321},
	author = {Galvan, K. and Fleeger, J.W. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE200,
	title = {Stable isotope monitoring of benthic-pelagic coupling with salt marsh fish},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {193-204},
	keywords = {benthic microalgae, fish, LTER-PIE, monitoring, organic matter, population dynamics, power analysis, salt marsh, Spartina, stable isotope analysis},
	doi = {10.3354/meps07644},
	author = {Fry, B. and Cieri, M. and Hughes, J. and Tobias, C. and Deegan, L.A. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE190,
	title = {Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {202-206},
	keywords = {denitrification, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen isotopes, stream network},
	doi = {10.1038/nature06686},
	author = {Mulholland, P. J. and Helton, A. M. and Poole, G.C. and Hall, Jr., R.O. and Hamilton, S. K. and Peterson, B. J. and Tank, J.L. and Ashkenas, L.R. and Cooper, L. W. and Dahm, C. N. and Dodds, W. K. and Findlay, S. E. G. and Gregory, S. V. and Grimm, N.B. and Johnson, S. L. and McDowell, W.H. and Meyer, J. L. and Valett, H. M. and Webster, J. R. and Arango, C. P. and Beaulieu, J. J. and Bernot, M. J. and Burgin, A. J. and Crenshaw, C. L. and Johnson, L.T. and Niederlehner, B. R. and OﾒBrien, J. M. and Potter, J. D. and Sheibley, R.W. and Sobota, D. J. and Thomas, S. M.}
}
@article {PIE237,
	title = {Symposium Review: Long term shifts in faunal assemblages in North American estuaries: A review of a workshop held at the biennial meeting of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF), November 2007, Providence, Rhode Island.},
	journal = {Reviews in Fisheries Biology and Fisheries},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {447-450},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, Eastern North America estuaries, estuarine fish, estuarine nekton, faunal shifts, long-term data sets, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1007/s11160-008-9086-x},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Powell, J.C.}
}
@article {PIE199,
	title = {Top-down and bottom-up control of infauna varies across the saltmarsh landscape},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {20-34},
	keywords = {disturbance, impact assessment, indirect effects, infauna, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, primary production, saltmarsh gradient},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.003},
	author = {Fleeger, J.W. and Johnson, D.S. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE233,
	title = {Trophic control of saltmarsh invertebrates},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Louisiana State University},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Baton Rouge, LA},
	keywords = {food web, invertebrates, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	author = {Johnson, D.S.}
}
@article {PIE179,
	title = {Understanding and forecasting the effects of sea level rise and intense windstorms on coastal and upland ecosystems: the need for a continental-scale netowrk of observatories},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Environment},
	volume = {6},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {255-263},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, ecosystem services, land use, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, sea-level},
	doi = {10.1890/070153},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Lugo, A.E. and Alber, M. and Covich, A. and van Bloem, S.}
}
@article {PIE168,
	title = {The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments.},
	journal = {Hydrological Processes},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1810-1818},
	keywords = {disturbance, electrical conductivity, hydrograph separation, impervious, LTER-PIE, urbanization},
	doi = {10.1002/hyp.6786},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Wollheim, W.M. and Feng, X. and Vorosmarty, C.J.}
}
@article {PIE265,
	title = {Development and drought in suburbia: A mixed methods rapid assessment of vulnerability to drought in rainy Massachusetts. },
	journal = {Environmental Hazards: Human and Policy Dimensions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Collab},
	pages = {291-301},
	keywords = {disturbance, drought, land use, LTER-PIE, suburbia},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.08.003},
	author = {Hill, T. and Polsky, C.}
}
@article {PIE161,
	title = {Ecological engineering in intertidal saltmarshes.},
	journal = {Hydrobiologia},
	volume = {577},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {161-168},
	keywords = {ecological engineering, LTER-PIE, organic matter, saltmarsh, sea level, sediment, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1007/s10750-006-0425-4},
	author = {Morris, J. T.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE194,
	title = {Effects of Warming and Altered Precipitation on Plant and Nutrient Dynamics of a New England Salt Marsh},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {82},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, organic matter, primary production, salt marsh},
	author = {Charles, H.}
}
@article {PIE230,
	title = {Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	keywords = {diffusion, estuaries, gas transfer, LTER-PIE, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rivers},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GL028790},
	author = {Zappa, C.J. and McGillis, W.R. and Raymond, P.A. and Edson, J.B. and Hintsa, E.J. and Zemmelink, H.J. and Dacey, J.W.H. and Ho, D.T.}
}
@inbook {PIE196,
	title = {Estimating net primary production of salt marsh macrophytes},
	booktitle = {Principles and Standards for Measuring Primary Production},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {106-119},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	keywords = {allometry, harvest, intertidal zone, LTER-PIE, primary production, salt marsh, stem turnover},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168662.003.0007},
	author = {Morris, J.T.},
	editor = {Fahey, T.J. and Knapp, A.K.}
}
@article {PIE166,
	title = {Functionally distinct communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria along an estuarine salinity gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1439-1447},
	keywords = {ammonia, bacteria, disturbance, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salinity gradient},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01260.x},
	author = {Bernhard, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE234,
	title = {The impact of drainage ditches on salt marsh flow patterns, sedimentation and morphology:  Rowley River, Massachusetts},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Virginia Institute of Marine Science},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Gloucester Point, VA},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sedimentation},
	author = {Lemay, L.E.}
}
@conference {PIE183,
	title = {Improvements in the use of the ROC statistic for landscape ecology},
	booktitle = {Conference proceedings of the World Congress of the International Association for Landscape Ecology},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {2},
	address = {Wageningen, The Netherlands },
	keywords = {landscape ecology, LTER-PIE, ROC statistic},
	author = {Parmentier, B. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@thesis {PIE242,
	title = {Investigation into the relationship between morphology and tidal flux in ditched and non-ditched salt marsh creek systems, Rowley, Massachusetts},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Virginia Institute of Marine Science},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Gloucester Point, VA},
	keywords = {disturbance, ditches, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Luciano, K.E.}
}
@article {PIE236,
	title = {Susceptibility of salt marshes to nutrient enrichment and predator removal},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {S-42-S63},
	keywords = {bottom-up, disturbance, eutrophication, Fundulus heteroclitus, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, multiple stressors, nutrient loading, organic matter, population dynamics, primary production, salt marsh, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, species change, top-down control},
	doi = {10.1890/06-0452.1},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Bowen, J.L. and Drake, D.C. and Fleeger, J.W. and Friedrichs, C.T. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Hobbie, J.E. and Hopkinson, C. and Johnson, D.S. and Johnson, J.M. and Lemay, L.E. and Miller, E.E. and Peterson, B.J. and Picard, C. and Sheldon, S. and Sutherland, M. and Vallino, J. and Warren, R.S.}
}
@article {PIE241,
	title = {Worm holes and their space-time continuum: Spatial and temporal variability of macroinfaunal annelids in a northern New England salt marsh},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {226-237},
	keywords = {infauna, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02700166},
	author = {Johnson, D.S. and Fleeger, J.W. and Galv{\'a}n, K.A. and Moser, E.B.}
}
@article {,
	title = {Allometric laws and prediction in estuarine and coastal ecology (Invited essay Perspectives section)},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {340-344},
	keywords = {allometry, estuary, LTER-PIE, metabolic theory of ecology, prediction},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02782002},
	author = {Harris, L.A. and Duarte, C.M. and Nixon, S.W.}
}
@article {PIE229,
	title = {Bacterial carbon sources in coastal sediments: a cross-system analysis based on stable isotope data of biomarkers},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {175-185},
	keywords = {bacteria, biomarkers, coastal sediments, LTER-PIE, organic matter, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-3-175-2006},
	author = {Bouillon, S. and Boschker, H.T.S.}
}
@article {PIE157,
	title = {Changes in salt marsh vegetation, <i>Phragmites australis</i>, and nekton in response to increased tidal flushing in a New England salt marsh.},
	journal = {Wetlands},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {544-557},
	keywords = {disturbance, LTER-PIE, Phragmites, population dynamics, salt marsh, tidal flushing},
	doi = {10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[544:CISMVP]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Catena, E.H. and James-Pirri, M.J.}
}
@article {PIE160,
	title = {Competition among marsh macrophytes by means of geomorphological displacement in the intertidal zone.},
	journal = {Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {395-402},
	keywords = {accretion, geomorphology, intertidal zone, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.025},
	author = {Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE232,
	title = {Effect of historical changes in land use and climate on the water budget of an urbanizing watershed},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {climate change, disturbance, hydrology, land use, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, watershed},
	doi = {10.1029/2005WR004131},
	author = {Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@conference {PIE186,
	title = {Expanding the conceptual, mathematical, and practical methods for map comparison},
	booktitle = {Conference proceedings of the meeting of Spatial Accuracy 2006},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {16},
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	keywords = {disturbance, GIS, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Connors, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE243,
	title = {Experimental nutrient enrichment of a New England salt marsh: plant productivity and community composition responses},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Connecticut College},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {New London, CT},
	keywords = {inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, population dynamics, primary production},
	author = {Miller, E.E.}
}
@article {PIE239,
	title = {Linking ecology and economics for ecosystem management},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {121-134},
	keywords = {disturbance, ecosystem management, ecosystem services, LTER, LTER-PIE, trade-offs, valuation},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0121:LEAEFE]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Farber, S and Costanza, D. and Childers, D. and Erikson, J. and Gross, K. and Grove, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Kahn, J. and Pincetl, S. and Troy, A. and Warren, P. and Wilson, M.}
}
@article {PIE165,
	title = {Relationship between river size and nutrient removal.},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	keywords = {hydrology, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nutrient removal},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GL025845},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Peterson, B.J. and Seitzinger, S.P. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE162,
	title = {The role of snowmelt and spring rainfall in inorganic nutrient fluxes from a large temperate watershed, the Androscoggin River basin (Maine and New Hampshire).},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {217-234},
	keywords = {Androscoggin River, DIN, Freshet, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nutrient, Snowmelt, Snowpack, watershed},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-006-9017-7},
	author = {Oczkowski, A.J. and Pellerin, B.A. and Hunt, C.W. and Wollheim, W.M. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Loder, T.C.}
}
@article {PIE171,
	title = {Salt marsh geomorphology: Physical and ecological effects on landform},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {309-310},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.001},
	author = {Torres, R. and Fagherazzi, S. and van Proosdij, D. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@article {PIE159,
	title = {Turnover rates of nitrogen stable isotopes in the salt marsh mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>, following a laboratory diet switch.},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {391-395},
	keywords = {15N, discrimination, liver, LTER-PIE, metabolism, population dynamics, trophic level},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-005-0277-z},
	author = {Logan, J. and Hass, H. and Deegan, L.A. and Gaines, E.}
}
@article {PIE163,
	title = {Visualizing certainty of extrapolations from models of land change.},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1151-1166},
	keywords = {accuracy, calibration, disturbance, error, land cover, LTER-PIE, map, Massachusetts, prediction, uncertainty, Validation},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-006-7285-1},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Versluis, A.J. and Malizia, N.R.}
}
@article {PIE158,
	title = {Adaptation to Drought in the Context of Suburban Sprawl and Abundant Rainfall.},
	journal = {Geographical Bulletin},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {85-100},
	keywords = {drought, LTER-PIE, precipitation, urban sprawl},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.10},
	author = {Hill, T. and Polsky, C.}
}
@inbook {PIE153,
	title = {Analysis of size and complexity of randomly constructed food webs by information theoretic metrics.},
	booktitle = {Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {73-85},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, modeling},
	author = {Morris, J.T. and Christian, R.R. and Ulanowicz, R.E.},
	editor = {A. Belgrano and U. M. Scharler and J. Dunne and R. E. Ulanowicz}
}
@phdthesis {PIE175,
	title = {The controls of watershed nutrient export},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {export, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nutrients, watershed},
	author = {Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE150,
	title = {Distribution of phosphatase activity in marsh sediments along an estuarine salinity gradient.},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {292},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {75-83},
	keywords = {acid phosphatase activity, estuary, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, marsh sediment, primary production, salinity gradient},
	doi = {10.3354/meps292075},
	author = {Huang, X. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@inbook {PIE140,
	title = {The effect of habitat loss and degradation on fisheries.},
	booktitle = {The Decline of Fisheries Resources in New England: Evaluating the Impact of Overfishing, Contamination, and Habitat Degradation},
	series = {MIT Sea Grant College Program},
	volume = {MITSG 05-5},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {67-96},
	publisher = {University of Massachusetts Press},
	organization = {University of Massachusetts Press},
	keywords = {fisheries, habitat, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	author = {Deegan, L.A. and Buchsbaum, R.},
	editor = {R. Buchsbaum and J. Pederson and W. E. Robinson}
}
@proceedings {PIE151,
	title = {Effects of changes in sea level and productivity on the stability of intertidal marshes.},
	journal = {UNESCO Proceeding Series on Lagoons and Coastal Wetlands in the Global Change Context: Impact and Management Issues},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {April 26-28, 2004},
	pages = {121-127},
	address = {Venice},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, productivity, salt marsh, sea level, wetlands},
	author = {Morris, J.T.},
	editor = {Lasserre, P. and Viaroli, P. and Campostrini P.}
}
@thesis {PIE144,
	title = {The effects of nutrient enrichment and predator removal on algal communities in a New England Marsh.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Middlebury College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Middlebury, VT},
	keywords = {algae, estuary, LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, salt marsh},
	author = {Randall, J.}
}
@article {PIE141,
	title = {Efficient export of carbon to the deep ocean through dissolved organic matter.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {433},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {142-145},
	keywords = {carbon, dissolved organic matter, marine, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03191},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Vallino, J.}
}
@article {PIE154,
	title = {Estimating estuarine gross production, community respiration and net ecosystem production: A nonlinear inverse technique.},
	journal = {Ecological Modeling},
	volume = {187},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {281-296},
	keywords = {community respiration, dissolved oxygen, estuarine metabolism, gross primary production, inverse modeling, LTER, LTER-PIE, primary production},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.018},
	author = {Vallino, J. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Garritt, R.H.}
}
@article {PIE142,
	title = {Fluvial filtering of land to ocean fluxes: from Holocene variations to Anthrocene.},
	journal = {Compte Rendus},
	volume = {337},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {107-123},
	keywords = {fluvial, inorganic nutrients, land to ocean flux, LTER-PIE, watershed},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2004.09.016},
	author = {Meybeck, M. and Vorosmarty, C.J.}
}
@article {PIE145,
	title = {Genotypic diversity within a natural coastal bacterioplankton population.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {307},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {1311-1313},
	keywords = {bacterioplankton, genome, LTER-PIE, Vibrio},
	doi = {0.1126/science.1106028},
	author = {Thompson, J.R. and Pacocha, S. and Pharino, C. and Klepac-Ceraj, V. and Hunt, D.E. and Benoit, J. and Sarma-Rupavtarm, R. and Distel, D.L. and Polz, M.F.}
}
@article {PIE164,
	title = {The HERO REU Experience: Undergraduate Research on Vulnerability to Climate Change in Local Places.},
	journal = {Geographical Bulletin},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {65-72},
	keywords = {GIS, HERO, Ipswich, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Sorrensen, C. and Polsky, C. and Neff, R.}
}
@article {PIE152,
	title = {Integrating LIDAR, multispectral imagery and neural network modeling techniques for marsh classification.},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {5221-5234},
	keywords = {disturbance, elevation, LiDAR, LTER-PIE, marsh classification, neural network modeling, population dynamics, primary production, sea level},
	doi = {10.1080/01431160500219018},
	author = {Morris, J. T. and Porter, D. and Neet, M. and Noble, P.A. and Schmidt, L. and Lapine, L.A. and Jensen, J.}
}
@article {PIE155,
	title = {An inverse ecosystem model of year-to-year variations with first order approximation to the annual mean fluxes.},
	journal = {Ecological Modeling},
	volume = {187},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {369-388},
	keywords = {Ecosystem modeling, First order approximation, Flux analysis, Inverse model, LTER-PIE, Time scale separation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.02.003},
	author = {Wan, Z. and Vallino, J.}
}
@article {PIE148,
	title = {Loss of Diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Correlates with Increasing Salinity in an Estuary System.},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1289-1297},
	keywords = {ammonia, bacteria, diversity, estuary, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00808.x},
	author = {Bernhard, A. and Donn, T.M. and Giblin, A.E. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE147,
	title = {Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a New England salt marsh.},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1175-1185},
	keywords = {bacteria, LTER-PIE, molecular, salt marsh, sulfate},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00796.x},
	author = {Bahr, M. and Crump, B.C. and Klepac-Ceraj, V. and Teske, A.P. and Sogin, M.L. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@article {PIE156,
	title = {N retention in urbanizing headwater catchments},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {871-884},
	keywords = {export, impervious, inorganic nutrients, loading, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, residential, retention, urban, watershed},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-005-0178-3},
	author = {Wollheim, W. and Pellerin, B. and Vorosmarty, C. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@article {PIE146,
	title = {Relationships of land use and streamwater solute concentrations in the Ipswich River basin, northeastern Massachusetts.},
	journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution},
	volume = {161},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	keywords = {land cover, land use, LTER-PIE, solute concentration, urbanization, watershed},
	doi = {10.1007/s11270-005-2830-0},
	author = {Williams, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J. and Claussens, L.}
}
@proceedings {PIE143,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading.},
	journal = {Conference Proceedings of the meeting of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {5},
	address = {Baltimore MD},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, pollutant loading, regression modeling},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Fedorko, E.}
}
@article {PIE240,
	title = {Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading},
	journal = {Journal of Spatial Hydrology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {60-80},
	keywords = {GIS, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, non-point source pollution, nutrient export, regression modeling, spatial distribution},
	doi = {10.1086/BBLv207n2p173},
	author = {Fedorko, E.J. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Aldrich, S.P. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Wollheim, W.M.}
}
@article {PIE231,
	title = {Synchrony and seasonality in bacterioplankton communities of two temperate rivers},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {50},
	number = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1718-1729},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacterial production, bacterioplankton, estuaries, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1718},
	author = {Crump, B.C. and Hobbie, J.E.}
}
@conference {PIE187,
	title = {Visualizing the certainty for extrapolations from models of landscape change},
	booktitle = {Conference proceedings of the meeting of Geocomputation},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {6},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI. USA},
	keywords = {disturbance, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Versluis, A.J. and Malizia, N.R.}
}
@article {PIE134,
	title = {Comparison of fish assemblages in tidal salt marsh creeks and in adjoining mudflat areas in the Tejo estuary.},
	journal = {Cahiers de Biologie Marine},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {213-224},
	keywords = {estuary, fish community, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	author = {Salgado, J. and Costa, M-J. and Cabral, H. and Deegan, L.}
}
@article {PIE133,
	title = {Controls on the variability of organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon age in northeast U.S. rivers},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {353-366},
	keywords = {14C age, carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, LTER-PIE, Mid-atlantic bight, organic matter, rivers},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.036},
	author = {Raymond, P.A. and Bauer, J.E. and Caraco, N.F. and Cole, J.J. and Longworth, B. and Petsch, S.T.}
}
@article {PIE125,
	title = {Effect of nutrient enrichment  and salinity on salt marsh invertebrates in the Plum Island Estuary.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {207},
	year = {2004},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {174},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nutrient enrichment, salinity, salt marsh invertebrates},
	doi = {10.1086/BBLv207n2p174},
	author = {Kerry, J. and Boorse, D. and Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@proceedings {PIE136,
	title = {The effects of long term nutrient addition on a salt marsh community.},
	journal = {New England Estuarine Research Society (NEERS), March 7-9, 2004},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	address = {Burlington, Vermont},
	keywords = {community, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, outfall, salt marsh},
	author = {Sheldon, S.P. and Twichell, S. and Deegan, L.A.}
}
@inbook {PIE124,
	title = {Estuarine respiration: an overview of benthic, pelagic, and whole system respiration },
	booktitle = {Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {122-146},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {New York, NY},
	keywords = {benthic respiration, estuaries, LTER-PIE, organic matter, pelagic respiration, respiration rate, whole system respiration},
	isbn = { 9780198527084},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198527084.003.0008},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. and Smith, E.},
	editor = {delGiorgio, P.A. and Williams, P.J.leB.}
}
@thesis {PIE127,
	title = {Factors affecting sedimentation patterns of a tidal marsh in Plum Island Sound Estuary, Massachusetts.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {College of William and Mary},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, sedimentation patterns},
	author = {Lee, W. M.}
}
@article {PIE119,
	title = {Fine-scale phylogenetic architecture of a complex bacterial community.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {430},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {551-554},
	keywords = {bacteria, diversity, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02649},
	author = {Acinas, S.G. and Klepac-Ceraj, K. and Hunt, D.E. and Pharino, C. and Ceraj, C. and Distel, D.L. and Polz, M.F.}
}
@article {PIE129,
	title = {Flow Cytometry-Assisted Cloning of Specific Sequence Motifs from Complex 16S rRNA Gene Libraries},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {7550-7554},
	keywords = {bacteria, flow cytometry, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.12.7550-7554.2004},
	author = {Nielsen, J.L. and Schramm, A. and Bernhard, A.E. and van den EnghG.J. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@inbook {PIE128,
	title = {Flow, sedimentation, and biomass production on a vegetated salt marsh in South Carolina: toward a predictive model of marsh morphologic and ecologic evolution.},
	booktitle = {The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {165-187},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, marsh geomorphology, salt marsh biomass, sedimentation},
	author = {Mudd, S.M. and Fagherazzi, S. and Morris, J.T. and Furbish, D.J.},
	editor = {S. Fagherazzi and A. Marani and L.K. Blum}
}
@article {PIE126,
	title = {High overall diversity and dominance of microdiverse relationships in salt marsh sulfate-reducing bacteria.},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {686-698},
	keywords = {bacteria, diversity, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sulfur},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00600.x},
	author = {Klepac-Ceraj, V. and Bahr, M. and Crump, B.C. and Teske, A.P. and Hobbie, J.E. and Poltz, M.F.}
}
@phdthesis {PIE131,
	title = {The influence of urbanization on runoff generation and stream chemistry in Massachusetts watersheds.},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of New Hampshire},
	type = {phdthesis},
	address = {Durham, NH},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, stream chemistry, urbanization, watershed},
	author = {Pellerin, B. A.}
}
@article {PIE120,
	title = {Isotopic investigation of nitrogen retention in a riparian ecosystem.},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	number = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1035-1048},
	keywords = {isotopes, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, riparian},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00854.x},
	author = {Clement, J. and Holmes, R.M. and Peterson, B.J. and Pinlay, G.}
}
@article {PIE121,
	title = {Microbial biogeography along an estuarine salinity gradient: the combined influences of bacterial growth and residence time.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1494-1505},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, bacteria, biogeography, disturbance, estuary, LTER-PIE, population dynamics},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.70.3.1494-1505.2004},
	author = {Crump, B.C. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Sogin, M.L. and Hobbie, J.H.}
}
@article {PIE122,
	title = {Modeling Nitrogen Transport in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts, Using HSPF.},
	journal = {Journal of the American Water Resources Association},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1365-1384},
	keywords = {HSPF, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen transport, watershed},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01592.x},
	author = {Filoso,S. and Vallino, J.J and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Claessens, L.}
}
@article {PIE138,
	title = {N budgets and aquatic uptake in the Ipswich River basin, northeastern Massachusetts.},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {40},
	number = {11},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1-12},
	keywords = {anthropogenic, land use, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, uptake, water quality},
	doi = {10.1029/2004WR003172},
	author = {Williams, M. and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@article {PIE135,
	title = {Nekton use of salt marsh creeks in the upper Tejo Estuary.},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {27},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {818-825},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, nekton, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02912043},
	author = {Salgado, J. and Costa, M-J. and Cabral, H. and Deegan, L.}
}
@article {PIE130,
	title = {Role of wetlands and developed land use on dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and DON / TDN in northeastern U.S. rivers and streams},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {910-918},
	keywords = {dissolved organic nitrogen, land use, LTER-PIE, watershed, wetlands},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2004.49.4.0910},
	author = {Pellerin, B.A. and Wollheim, W. and Hopkinson, C. and McDowell, W. and Williams, M. and Vorosmarty, C. and Daley, M.}
}
@proceedings {PIE149,
	title = {The Salt Marsh Geomorphology: Physical and Ecological Effects on Landform},
	journal = {AGU Chapman Conference},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {October 9-13, 2004},
	pages = {57-58},
	publisher = {EOS},
	address = {Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada},
	keywords = {disturbance, geomorphology, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh},
	author = {Fagherazzi, S. and Torres, R. and Hopkinson, C. and vanProosdij, D.}
}
@article {PIE132,
	title = {Useful techniques of validation for spatially explicit land-change models.},
	journal = {Ecological Modeling},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {445-461},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, LUCC Model, Null Scale, prediction, Resolution, Validation},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.05.010},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Huffaker, D. and Denman, K.}
}
@proceedings {PIE137,
	title = {Visualizing the rate at which the accuracy of a land change prediction decays.},
	journal = {Conference proceedings of the meeting of the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {29},
	address = {Silver Spring, MD},
	keywords = {land use, LTER-PIE, model, Validation},
	author = {Versluis, A.J. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Malizia, N.R.}
}
@proceedings {PIE123,
	title = {What makes mummichogs grow?  The relationship between growth rates and gut contents of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> held in enclosures along a salinity gradient in a New England salt marsh.},
	journal = {New England Estuarine Research Society (NEERS)},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Intern},
	address = {Burlington, Vermont},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, mummichog, salt marsh},
	author = {Freeman, C.J. and Haas, H. and Warren, S. and Deegan, L.A. and Logan, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE105,
	title = {Ammonium dynamics in tidal salt marshes - an experimental study of ammonium adsorption, tidal flushing and ammonium volatilization},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {63},
	school = {Roskilde University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {ammonium, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, tidal flushing},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K.}
}
@article {PIE116,
	title = {Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: a synthesis of data supporting a comprehensive coast-wide understanding of the trophic biology},
	journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {349 - 360},
	keywords = {diet composition, feeding habits, LTER-PIE, Morone saxatilis, population dynamics, striped bass},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00373.x},
	author = {Walter, J.F. and Overton, A.S. and Ferry, K.H. and Mather, M.E.}
}
@article {PIE102,
	title = {Building a database of historic land cover to detect landscape change.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2003},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {257-258},
	keywords = {land use, landscape, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.2307/1543283},
	author = {Holden, M and Lippitt, C. and Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Williams, C.}
}
@article {PIE96,
	title = {Direct profiling of environmental microbial populations by thermal dissociation analysis of native ribosomal RNAs hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays.},
	journal = {Applied Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {2377-2382},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, microbes, population, RNA},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.4.2377-2382.2003},
	author = {El Fantroussi, S. and Urakawa, H. and Bernhard, A.E. and Kelly, J.J. and Noble, P.A. and Stahl, D.A.}
}
@article {PIE106,
	title = {Ecological Variability in Space and Time: Insights Gained from the US LTER Program },
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	number = {Special LTER Issue},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {57-67},
	keywords = {long-term regional ecology, LTER-PIE, spatial variability, temporal variability},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0057:EVISAT]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Kratz, T.K. and Deegan, L.A. and Harmon, M.E. and Lauenroth, W.K.}
}
@article {PIE110,
	title = {Ecosystem modulation of dissolved carbon age in a temperate marsh dominated estuary.},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI/PD Plum Data},
	pages = {694-705},
	keywords = {carbon, estuary, LTER-PIE, marsh},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0213-6},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@thesis {PIE114,
	title = {The effects of long term nutrient addition on a salt marsh community},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Middleburry College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Middlebury, VT},
	keywords = {invertebrates, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, outfall, salt marsh},
	author = {Twitchell, S.}
}
@article {PIE109,
	title = {Estimating the uncertainty of land-cover extrapolations while constructing a raster map from tabular data.},
	journal = {Journal of Gegraphical Systems},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {253-273},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, model validation},
	doi = {10.1007/s10109-003-0109-9},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Agrawal, A. and Huffaker, D.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE97,
	title = {Factors driving distribution of migratory striped bass across Massachusetts estuaries: predator-prey interactions and implications for multispecies management.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, predator, prey, striped bass},
	author = {Ferry, K.}
}
@article {PIE92,
	title = {Growth of a salt marsh invertebrate on several species of marsh grass detritus.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2003},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {238-239},
	keywords = {detritus, invertebrate, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2307/1543273},
	author = {Agnew, A.M. and Shull, D.H. and Buchsbaum, R.N.}
}
@article {PIE104,
	title = {Importance of metabolism in the development of salt marsh ponds.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2003},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {248-249},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, metabolism, oxygen, salt marsh ponds},
	doi = {10.2307/1543278},
	author = {Johnston, M. E. and Cavatorta, J.R. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Valentine, V.}
}
@article {,
	title = {Modeling microbial consortiums as distributed metabolic networks},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {174-179},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, metabolism, microbes, model},
	doi = {10.2307/1543554},
	author = {Vallino, J.J.}
}
@article {PIE95,
	title = {Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: Sources, effects and managment options},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {357-374},
	keywords = {disturbance, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen management, northeastern United States},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0357:NPITNU]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Driscoll, C. and Whitall, D. and Aber, J. and Boyer, E. and Castro, M. and Cronan, C. and Goodale, C. and Groffman, P. and Hopkinson, C. and Lambert, K. and Lawrence, G. and Ollinger, S.}
}
@article {PIE93,
	title = {Patterns of sedimentation in a salt marsh-dominated estuary.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2003},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {239-241},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.2307/1543274},
	author = {Cavatorta, J. and Johnston, M. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Valentine, V.}
}
@article {PIE111,
	title = {Phosphorus Limitation of Coastal Ecosystem Processes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {299},
	number = {563-565},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nutrient limitation, phosphorus, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1079100},
	author = {Sundareshwar, P.V. and Morris, J.T. and Koepfler, E.K. and Fornwalt, B.}
}
@article {PIE99,
	title = {Pre-industrial and contemporary fluxes of nitrogen through rivers: A global assessment based on typology},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1-35},
	keywords = {anthropogenic loading, global, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, nitrogen budget, nitrogen yields, rivers, watershed},
	doi = {10.1023/B:BIOG.0000025742.82155.92},
	author = {Green, P.A. and Vorosmarty, C.J. and Meybeck, M. and Galloway, J.N. and Peterson, B.J. and Boyer, E.W.}
}
@article {PIE113,
	title = {Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary.},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {48},
	number = {5},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PD Coastal},
	pages = {1766-1778},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, watershed},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1766},
	author = {Tobias, C.R. and Cieri, M. and Peterson, B.J. and Deegan, L.A. and Vallino, J. and Hughes, J.}
}
@article {PIE118,
	title = {Rapid screening for freshwater bacterial groups using reverse line blot hybridization},
	journal = {Applied Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {5875-5883},
	keywords = {bacteria, freshwater, genome, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.10.5875-5883.2003},
	author = {Zwart, G. and van Hannen, E.J. and Kamst-van Agerveld, M.P. and van der Gucht, K. and Lindstrom, E.S. and Van Wichelen, J. and Lauridsen, T. and Crump, B.C. and Han, S.K. and Declerck, S.}
}
@inbook {PIE98,
	title = {The Role of Models in Addressing Coastal Eutrophication Problems},
	booktitle = {The Role of Models in Ecosystems Science},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {327-343},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press.},
	organization = {Princeton University Press.},
	keywords = {coastal eutrophication, computer modeling, inorganic nutrients, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Giblin, A. E. and Vallino, J.},
	editor = {C.D. Canham and J.J. Cole and W.K. Lauenroth}
}
@article {PIE108,
	title = {A (r)Ray of hope in analysis of function and diversity of microbial communities},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Collab Plum Data},
	pages = {196-199},
	keywords = {estuary, genome, LTER-PIE, microbial communities},
	doi = {10.2307/1543558},
	author = {Poltz, M.F. and Bertilsson, S. and Acinas, S.G. and Hunt, D.}
}
@thesis {PIE103,
	title = {The scale at which land change models are accurate.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {computer modelling, land use change, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Huffaker, D.}
}
@article {PIE101,
	title = {Scientific accomplishments of the Long Term Ecological Research program: an introduction},
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {17-20},
	keywords = {long-term ecological research, LTER accomplishments, LTER description, LTER history, LTER network, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0017:SAOTLT]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Hobbie, J.E. and Carpenter, S.R. and Grimm, N.B. and Gosz, J.R. and Seastedt, T.R.}
}
@article {PIE112,
	title = {Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in shallow macrotidal estuary},
	journal = {Marine Ecological Progress Series},
	volume = {257},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {25-36},
	keywords = {benthic, estuary, LTER-PIE, microalgae, sediment flux},
	doi = {10.3354/meps257025},
	author = {Tobias, C. and Giblin, A.E. and McClelland, J. and Tucker, J. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE107,
	title = {Tracing the flow of organic matter from primary producers to filter feeders in Ria Formosa Lagoon, Southern Portugal},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4A},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {846-856},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02803343},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R. and Peterson, B.}
}
@article {PIE100,
	title = {The United States Long Term Ecological Research program.},
	journal = {BioSciences},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {21-32},
	keywords = {long-term ecological research, LTER accomplishments, LTER description, LTER history, LTER network, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0021:TULTER]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Hobbie, J. and Carpenter, S. and Grimm, N. and Gosz, J. and Seastedt, T.}
}
@article {PIE117,
	title = {Variation in surface turbulence and the gas transfer velocity in estuaries over a tidal cycle in a macrotidal estuary.},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {26},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1401-1415},
	keywords = {gas transfer velocity, LTER-PIE, macro-tidal estuary, turbulence},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02803649},
	author = {Zappa, C. J. and Raymond, P.A. and Terray, E.A. and McGillis, W.R.}
}
@article {PIE83,
	title = {Bacterioplankton Community Composition in Flowing Waters of the Ipswich River Watershed},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {251-252},
	keywords = {bacterioplankton community, Ipswich River, LTER-PIE, watershed},
	doi = {10.2307/1543425},
	author = {Levine, U.Y. and Crump, B.C.}
}
@inbook {PIE74,
	title = {Changes in the fish comunity of Plum Island Sound from 1965 through 1994.},
	booktitle = {In: The marine resources of the Parker River-Plum Island Sound estuary: An update after 30 years.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {MCZM publications},
	organization = {MCZM publications},
	keywords = {estuary, fish, LTER-PIE, Plum Island Sound},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Deegan, L. and Garritt, R.},
	editor = {Buchsbaum, R and Purinton, T. and Magnusson, B. eds.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE85,
	title = {Comparison of the fate of dissolved organic matter in two coastal systems: Hog Island Bay, VA (USA) and Plum Island Sound, MA (USA)},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {89},
	school = {The College of William and Mary},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Williamsburg, VA},
	keywords = {decompostion, dissolved organic matter, estuary, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Lunsford, T.L.}
}
@article {PIE79,
	title = {Decomposition of dissolved organic matter from the continental margin},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research II},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {4461-4478},
	keywords = {decomposition, dissolved organic matter, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00125-X},
	author = {Hopkinson, C.S. and Vallino, J. and Nolin, A.}
}
@article {PIE82,
	title = {Denitrification and the stoichiometery of nutrient regeneration in Waquoit Bay, MA},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {272-281},
	keywords = {denitrification, LTER-PIE, nutrient regeneration},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02691314},
	author = {LaMontange, M.G. and Giblin, A.E. and Valiela, I.}
}
@article {PIE84,
	title = {Effects of haying on salt marsh surface invertebrates},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {250-251},
	keywords = {invertebrates, LTER-PIE, salt marsh hay},
	doi = {10.2307/1543424},
	author = {Ludlam, J.P. and Shull, D.H. and Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@inbook {PIE76,
	title = {Effects of trawling and dredging on seafloor habitat.},
	booktitle = {Committee on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing<br/>},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {107 pp.},
	publisher = {National Academy Press},
	organization = {National Academy Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {fisheries, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Deegan, L.A.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE78,
	title = {Identifying impermeable surface from remotely sensed images},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, remote sensing, watershed},
	author = {Head, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE86,
	title = {A leakage detection model for determining the value of conservation},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {conservation, GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, model},
	author = {Moore, N.}
}
@article {PIE75,
	title = {Lessons learned: the effects of nutrient enrichment on the support of nekton by seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems.},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {25},
	number = {4b - Special SCOR Volume},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {585-600},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, nekton, nutrients, saltmarsh, seagrass},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02804902},
	author = {Deegan, L.A.}
}
@techreport {PIE73,
	title = {The marine resources of the Parker River-Plum Island Sound estuary: An update after 30 years},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	institution = {Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, marine, resources},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Purinton, T. and Magnusson, B.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE89,
	title = {A method to produce hydrologically corrected DEMs},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {digital elevation model, disturbance, GIS, hydrology, land use, LTER-PIE, watershed},
	author = {Parker, D.}
}
@article {PIE88,
	title = {A monitoring protocol to assess tidal restoration of salt marshes on local and regional scales},
	journal = {Restoration Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {556-563},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, salt marsh restoration, tidal restrictions},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02033.x},
	author = {Neckles, H. and Dionne, M. and Burdick, D. and Buchsbaum, R. and Diers, T. and Hutchins, E. and Roman, C.}
}
@techreport {PIE77,
	title = {Nitrogen Pollution: From sources to the sea.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {4 p.},
	institution = {Science Links - Hubbard Brook Research Foundation},
	address = {Hanover, NH},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, marine, nitrogen pollution, watershed},
	author = {Driscoll, C. and Whitall, D. and Aber, J. and Boyer, E. and Castor, M. and Cronan, C. and Goodale, C. and Groffman, P. and Lambert, K. and Lawrence, G. and Hopkinson, C. and Ollinger, S.}
}
@article {PIE80,
	title = {Reconstruction of Historical Land Cover in the Ipswich Watershed.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {253-254},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use change, LTER-PIE, watershed},
	doi = {10.2307/1543426},
	author = {Huffaker, D. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE87,
	title = {Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {2869-2877},
	keywords = {coastal wetlands, LTER-PIE, model, optimal elevation, organic matter, salt marsh, sea-level rise, sediment accretion, sedimentation, Spartina},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Morris, J. and Sundareshwar, P.V. and Nietch, C.T. and Kjerfve, B and Cahoon, D.R.}
}
@article {PIE81,
	title = {Tidal flushing of ammonium from intertidal salt marsh sediments - the relative importance of adsorbed ammonium},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {258-259},
	keywords = {adsorbtion, ammonium, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sediment},
	doi = {10.2307/1543429},
	author = {Koop-Jakobsen, K. and Giblin, A.E.}
}
@article {PIE91,
	title = {Typical freshwater bacteria: an analysis of available 16S rRNA gene sequences from plankton of freshwater lakes and rivers.},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {141-155},
	keywords = {16S rRNA, bacteria, genome, lakes, LTER-PIE, population dynamics, rivers},
	doi = {10.3354/ame028141},
	author = {Zwart, G. and Crump, B.C. and Kamst-van Agterveld, M.P. and Hagen, F. and Han, S.K.}
}
@proceedings {PIE90,
	title = {Uncertainty Analysis in Land Change Modeling: Constucting a Gridded Map from Tabular Data.},
	journal = {The Second International Conference on Geographic Information Science},
	year = {2002},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {141-142},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, model validation},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Agrawal, A. and Huffaker, D.}
}
@thesis {PIE72,
	title = {Water quality as a function of land use.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {land-use, LTER-PIE, water quality},
	author = {Aldrich, S.}
}
@article {PIE59,
	title = {Benthic metabolism and nutrient regeneration on the continental shelf off eastern Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {224},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1-19},
	keywords = {benthic metabolism, LTER-PIE, nutrient regeneration},
	doi = {10.3354/meps224001},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Giblin, A.E. and Tucker, J.}
}
@article {PIE66,
	title = {DOC cycling in a temperate estuary: A mass balance approach using natural 14C and 13C isotopes},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {655-667},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, estuary, LTER-PIE, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2001.46.3.0655},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J.E.}
}
@article {PIE71,
	title = {The effects of salt marsh haying on benthic algal biomass},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2001},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {287-288},
	keywords = {algae, benthic, hay, LTER-PIE, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2307/1543370},
	author = {Williams, L. and Noblitt IV, G.C. and Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@thesis {PIE58,
	title = {The feeding ecology of mummichog and Atlantic silversides in the Rowley River.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Conneticut College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, mummichog, silverside},
	author = {Haines, J.}
}
@article {PIE65,
	title = {Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: Choosing a gas transfer velocity},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {312-217},
	keywords = {diffusion, estuary, gas exchange, LTER-PIE, metabolism, river},
	doi = {10.2307/1352954},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Cole, J.J.}
}
@inbook {PIE56,
	title = {Group 4: Unifying concepts for integrated coastal management.},
	booktitle = {Science and Integrated Coastal Management},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	publisher = {Dahlem University Press},
	organization = {Dahlem University Press},
	address = {Berlin},
	keywords = {coastal management, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Emeis, K. C. and Benoit, J.R. and Deegan, L. and Gilbert, A.J. and Lee, V. and Glade, J.M. and Meybeck, M. and Olsen, S.B. and Bodungen, B. Von},
	editor = {B. Von Bodungen and R. K. Turner}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE70,
	title = {Land use and nitrate loading in small stream catchments},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {land use, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, stream},
	author = {Tada, T.}
}
@article {PIE63,
	title = {Land-use change model validation by a ROC method for the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {85},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {239-248},
	keywords = {GIS, land use change, LTER-PIE, model validation},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00187-6},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Schneider, L.}
}
@thesis {PIE57,
	title = {Long-term fate of heavy metals in sediments of a Massachusetts salt marsh.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Wellesley College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Wellesley, MA},
	keywords = {heavy metals, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sediment},
	author = {Greenbaum, A. H.}
}
@article {PIE68,
	title = {Modeling land-use change in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
	volume = {85},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {83-94},
	keywords = {computer modeling, GIS Kappa, Land-use change, LTER-PIE, Massachusetts, model, ROC, Validation, watershed},
	doi = {10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00189-X},
	author = {Schneider, L. and Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@article {PIE69,
	title = {Occurrence and Ecological Implications of Pyrophosphate in Estuaries},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1570-1577},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, pyrophosphate, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1570},
	author = {Sundareshwar, P.V. and Morris, J.T. and Pellechia, P.J. and Cohen, H.J. and Porter, D.E. and Jones, B.C.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE61,
	title = {Quantifying the effectivness of conservation projects 1.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {conservation, GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, modeling},
	author = {Nelson, A.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE62,
	title = {Quantifying the effectivness of conservation projects 2.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {conservation, GIS, LTER-PIE, modeling},
	author = {Pieri, N.}
}
@article {PIE64,
	title = {Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {409},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {497-500},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, LTER-PIE, organic matter, terrestrial, watershed},
	doi = {10.1038/35054034},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J.E.}
}
@thesis {PIE60,
	title = {Stable istopic analysis of food webs in hayed and reference salt marshes},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Hampshire College},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	keywords = {food web, LTER-PIE, salt marsh, stable isotope},
	author = {Horowitz, J.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE53,
	title = {Uncertainty analysis of land-use change modeling in GIS},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {GIS, land-use, LTER-PIE, modeling},
	author = {Agrawal, A.}
}
@article {,
	title = {Use of 14C and 13C natural abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC sources and cycling: Review and Synthesis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {469-485},
	keywords = {coastal, dissolved organic carbon, estuarine, riverine, isotopes, LTER-PIE, organic matter, particulate organic carbon},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00190-X},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J.E.}
}
@inbook {PIE55,
	title = {The use of models in integrated resource management in the coastal zone.},
	booktitle = {Science and Integrated Coastal Management},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	publisher = {Dahlem University Press},
	organization = {Dahlem University Press},
	address = {Berlin},
	keywords = {coastal zone, LTER-PIE, resource management},
	author = {Deegan, L. A. and Kremer, J. and Webler, T. and Brawley, J.},
	editor = {B. Von Bodungen and R. K. Turner}
}
@article {PIE54,
	title = {Variation in soil salinity associated with the expansion of <i>Phragmites australis</i> in salt marshes},
	journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2001},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {247-261},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, Phragmites, salinity, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00099-5},
	author = {Burdick, D. and Buchsbaum, R. and Holt, E.}
}
@article {PIE48,
	title = {Atmospheric CO2 evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River Estuary.},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Coastal},
	pages = {1707-1717},
	keywords = {carbon, estuary, LTER-PIE, metabolism},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1707},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J.E. and Cole, J.J.}
}
@article {PIE49,
	title = {Bacterial consumption of DOC during transport through a temperate estuary},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Coastal},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {1-12},
	keywords = {carbon export, Chesapeake Bay, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), heterotrophy, LTER-PIE, Mid-atlantic bight, York River},
	doi = {10.3354/ame022001},
	author = {Raymond, P.A. and Bauer, J.E.}
}
@proceedings {PIE35,
	title = {Bird use of <i>Phragmites australis</i> in coastal marshes of northern Massachusetts.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 1st National Conference on Marine Bioinvasions},
	volume = {Jan 24-27, 1999},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {232-240},
	publisher = {MIT Sea Grant},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	keywords = {birds, coastal marsh, LTER-PIE, Phragmites},
	author = {Holt, E. and Buchsbaum, R.},
	editor = {J. Pederson}
}
@book {PIE36,
	title = {Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and reducing the effects of nutrient pollution.},
	series = {Ocean Studies Board and Water Science and Technology Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
	organization = {National Academy of Sciences},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuary, eutrophication, LTER-PIE, marine, nutrient},
	author = {Howarth, R. W. and Anderson, D. and Church, T. and Greening, H. and Hopkinson, C. and Huber, W. and Marcus, N. and Naiman, R. and Segerson, K. and Sharpley, A. and Wiseman, W.},
	editor = {Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication}
}
@article {PIE31,
	title = {Differences in properties of salt marsh sediment between hayed and reference sites},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {199},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {225-226},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sediment},
	doi = {10.2307/1542911},
	author = {Greenbaum, A. and Giblin, A.}
}
@inbook {PIE42,
	title = {Ecophysiological controls on the growth of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>},
	booktitle = {Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {59-80},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Dordredt, the Netherlands.},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, salt marsh, Spartina},
	author = {Mendelssohn, I. A. and Morris, J.T.},
	editor = {M. P. Weinstein and D. A. Kreeger}
}
@inbook {PIE44,
	title = {Effects of sea level anomalies on estuarine processes.},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {107-127},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, salt marsh, sea level, sediment accretion},
	author = {Morris, J. T.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@book {PIE32,
	title = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {539},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuarine ecology, estuarine oceanography, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Hobbie, J.}
}
@inbook {PIE33,
	title = {Estuarine Science: The key to progress in coastal ecological research},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {1-16},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuarine ecology, estuarine oceanography, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Hobbie, J. E.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@inbook {PIE50,
	title = {Habitat-biotic interactions},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {427-460},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuary, food web, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Simenstad, C. and Brandt, S. and Chalmers, A. and Dame, R. and Deegan, L. and Hodson, R. and Houde, E.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@article {PIE51,
	title = {Improving marine ecosystem models: Use of data assimilation and mesocosm experiments.},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Research},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {117-164},
	keywords = {ecosystem, LTER-PIE, marine, mesocosm, model},
	doi = {10.1357/002224000321511223},
	author = {Vallino, J.}
}
@inbook {PIE30,
	title = {Interaction between physical processes and ecosystem structure: A comparative approach.},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {177-206},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {estuarine ecology, estuarine oceanography, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Geyer, W. R. and Morris, J. and Prahl, F. and Jay, D},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@inbook {PIE40,
	title = {Linking biogeochemical processes to higher trophic levels},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science, A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {299-246},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {biogeochemical cycles, food web, LTER-PIE, trophic},
	author = {Kremer, J. and Kemp, W. and Giblin, A. and Valiela, I. and Seitzinger, S. and Hoffman, E.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@inbook {PIE52,
	title = {Macro-scale models of water and nutrient flux to the coastal zone},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {43-80},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {coast, LTER-PIE, model, nutrient, water},
	author = {Vorosmarty, C. and Peterson, B.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@techreport {PIE26,
	title = {Marine and Estuarine Ecosystem and Habitat Classification},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	institution = {US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National marine Fisheries Service},
	keywords = {classification, ecosystem, estuary, habitat, LTER-PIE},
	isbn = {NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-FSPO-43},
	author = {Allee, R.J. and Dethier, M. and Brown, D. and Deegan, L. and Ford, R.G. and Hourigan, T.F. and Maragos, J. and Schoch, C. and Sealey, K. and Twilley, R. and Weinstein, M.P. and Yoklavich, M.}
}
@article {PIE41,
	title = {Marsh nutrient export supplied by ground water discharge: Evidence from radium measurements},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {167-176},
	keywords = {ground water, LTER-PIE, marsh, nurient export, radium},
	doi = {10.1029/1999GB001197},
	author = {Krest, J. M. and Moore, W.S. and Gardner, L.R. and Morris, J.T.}
}
@article {PIE39,
	title = {Modeling the effects of land-use change on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {199},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {218-219},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use, LTER-PIE, model, nitrogen},
	doi = {10.2307/1542907},
	author = {Kirkby, R. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, Jr., C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@article {PIE34,
	title = {Nitrogen biogeochemistry in the oligohaline zone of a New England estuary.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {81},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {416-432},
	keywords = {15N, Actinocyclus normanii, diatoms, estuary, inorganic nutrients, land-margin ecosystem, LTER-PIE, nitrogen cycling, oligohaline zone, organic matter, phytoplankton, primary production, silica, stable isotopes, terrestrial-aquatic linkage},
	doi = {10.2307/177437},
	author = {Holmes, R. M. and Peterson, B.J. and Deegan, L. and Hughes, J. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE38,
	title = {Nitrogen flow through the food web in the oligohaline zone of a New England estuary.},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {433-452},
	keywords = {15N-tracer, Actinocyclus normanii, benthivore, copepod, detritus, diatoms, disturbance, food web, inorganic nutrients, intertidal, LTER-PIE, macrofauna, nitrogen, oligohaline zone, planktivore, population dynamics, primary production},
	doi = {10.2307/177438},
	author = {Hughes, J. E. and Deegan, L.A. and Peterson, B.J. and Holmes, R.M. and Fry, B.}
}
@article {PIE37,
	title = {Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays and seas},
	journal = {Issues in Ecology},
	number = {7},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {1-15},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nutrient pollution},
	author = {Howarth, R.W. and Anderson, D. and Cloern, J. and Elfring, C. and Hopkinson, C. and Lapointe, B. and Malone, T. and Marcus, N. and McGlathery, K. and Sharpley, A. and Walker, D.}
}
@article {PIE47,
	title = {Quantification error versus location error in comparison of categorical maps},
	journal = {Photogrammetric Engineering \& Remote Sensing},
	volume = {66},
	number = {8},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1011-1016},
	keywords = {GIS, land use, LTER-PIE, model validation},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE43,
	title = {Salinity effects on tolerance and adaptation of estuarine nitrifying bacteria investigated by a plug-flux method},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Roskilde University (Denmark)},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nitrification, salinity, salt marsh},
	author = {Mondrup, T.}
}
@inbook {PIE28,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem support of marine transient species.},
	booktitle = {Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {333-365},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publisher, The Netherlands},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publisher, The Netherlands},
	keywords = {ecosystem, LTER-PIE, marine, salt marsh},
	author = {Deegan, L. A. and Hughes, J.E. and Rountree, R.A.},
	editor = {M. Weinstein and J. Kreeger}
}
@inbook {PIE46,
	title = {Scenarios of land-use change and nitrogen release in the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling: Problems, prospects, and Needs for Research},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	publisher = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	organization = {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	keywords = {land use change, LTER-PIE, nitrogen},
	author = {Pontius, R.G., Jr. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Marzouk, A. and Rastetter, E.B. and Schneider, L.C. and Vallino, J.},
	editor = {B. O. Parks and K. M. Clarke and M. P. Crane}
}
@article {PIE45,
	title = {Solute dynamics in storm flow of the Ipswich River Basin: Effects of land use.},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {199},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {219-221},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use, LTER-PIE, solute chemistry, storm flow},
	doi = {10.2307/1542908},
	author = {Perring, A. and Williams, M. and Hopkinson Jr., C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@techreport {PIE27,
	title = {A Symposium Report: Marine Monitoring in Massachusetts - Water quality monitoring and related activities at Plum Island Sound},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {1},
	institution = {Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Managment},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, water quality},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@inbook {PIE29,
	title = {Synthesizing drainage basin inputs to coastal systems.},
	booktitle = {Estuarine Science: A Synthetic Approach to Research and Practice},
	year = {2000},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {81-105},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, watershed},
	author = {Fisher, T. R. and Correll, D. and Costanza, R. and Hollibaugh, J. and Hopkinson, C. and Howarth, R. and Rabalais, N. and Richey, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Wiegert, R.},
	editor = {J. Hobbie}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE18,
	title = {Analise isotopica da cadeia alimentar da Ria Formosa: Conribuicao relitiva dos produtores primaries},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {University of Coimbra},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	address = {Coimbra, Portugal},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, stable isotopes, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, food web},
	author = {Machas, R.}
}
@article {PIE16,
	title = {Benthic metabolism and nutrient cycling along an estuarine salinity gradient.},
	journal = {Estuaries},
	volume = {22},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {825-843},
	keywords = {benthic metabolism, estuary, LTER-PIE},
	doi = {10.2307/1353067},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Giblin, A.E. and Tucker, J. and Garritt, R.H.}
}
@mastersthesis {PIE12,
	title = {Conservation and development in conflict.},
	volume = {M.S.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {mastersthesis},
	keywords = {conservation, development, land use, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Burgess, P.}
}
@techreport {PIE11,
	title = {Conserving the Plum Island Sound/Rivers Ecosystem - A research report and management plan.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	institution = {Produced for the Massachusetts Bays Program and the Towns of Ipswich, Rowley and Newbury by Massachusetts Audubon: North Shore Conservation Advocacy},
	keywords = {ecosystem, estuary, LTER-PIE},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Cooper, A. and LeBlanc, J.}
}
@techreport {PIE14,
	title = {Establishing the Food Web Links between Estuaries and Nearshore Fisheries of New England},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {26},
	institution = {NOAA},
	keywords = {estuary, fisheries, food web, LTER-PIE},
	isbn = {Final Report NA 76 FD 0106},
	author = {Deegan, L. and Wright, L.A. and Hughes, J. and Boynton, E.}
}
@article {PIE17,
	title = {Influence of marsh flooding on the abundance and growth of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> in salt marsh creeks},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {299-300},
	keywords = {abundance, flood tide, LTER-PIE, mummichog, tidal creek},
	doi = {10.2307/1542663},
	author = {Komarow, S. and Young, T. and Deegan, L. and Garritt, R.}
}
@article {PIE22,
	title = {Ipswich River nutrient dynamics: Preliminary assessment of a simple nitrogen-processing model},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {289-290},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use, LTER-PIE, modeling, nutrient dynamics},
	doi = {10.2307/1542657},
	author = {Pease, K. M. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J. and Kilham, N.}
}
@thesis {PIE20,
	title = {Land-use change and regional growth in the Ipswich watershed basin.},
	volume = {B.S.},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Undergrad},
	school = {Clark University},
	type = {bachelorsthesis},
	address = {Worcester},
	keywords = {Ipswich River, land use, LTER-PIE, watershed},
	author = {Menard, S.}
}
@article {PIE13,
	title = {Long-term effect of municipal water use on the water budget of the Ipswich River basin},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {295-297},
	keywords = {Ipswich, LTER-PIE, municipal, rivers, water, water usage},
	doi = {10.2307/1542661},
	author = {Canfield, S. and Claessens, L. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Rastetter, E. and Vallino, J.}
}
@proceedings {PIE24,
	title = {A non-linear inverse technique to estimate estuarine ecosystem metabolism from whole system oxygen measurements.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Ecohydraulics},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	month = {July, 1999},
	address = {Salt Lake City, UT},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, metabolism, model, oxygen},
	author = {Vallino, J. and Hopkinson, C.S. and Garritt, R. and Tucker, J.}
}
@article {PIE25,
	title = {Population size and summer home range of the green crab, <i>Carcinus maenus</i>, in salt marsh tidal creeks},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {292-299},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, population size, salt marsh, green crab},
	doi = {10.2307/1542662},
	author = {Young, T. and Komarow, S. and Deegan, L. and Garritt, R.}
}
@article {PIE21,
	title = {Salinity effects on nitrogen dynamics in estuarine sediment investigated by a plug-flux method},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {197},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {287-288},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, nitrogen flux, salinity, salt marsh},
	doi = {10.2307/1542656},
	author = {Mondrup, T.}
}
@article {,
	title = {A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and  Aquatic Science},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PD Plum Data},
	pages = {1801-1808},
	keywords = {ammonium, estuarine, freshwater, LTER-PIE, marine},
	doi = {10.1139/f99-128},
	author = {Holmes, R. M. and Aminot, A. and Kerouel, R. and Hooker, B.A. and Peterson, B.J.}
}
@article {PIE19,
	title = {Sources of organic matter in Ria Formosa revealed by stable isotope analysis},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Grad},
	pages = {463-469},
	keywords = {carbon, estuary, food web, LTER-PIE, nitrogen, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00122-8},
	author = {Machas, R. and Santos, R.}
}
@article {PIE23,
	title = {Stable isotopes as tracers of organic matter input and transfer in benthic food webs: A review.},
	journal = {Acta Oecologia},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1999},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {479-487},
	keywords = {benthic, food web, LTER-PIE, organic matter, stable isotope},
	doi = {10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00120-4},
	author = {Peterson, B. J.}
}
@article {PIE2,
	title = {13C/12C composition of marine dissolved organic carbon.},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {152},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {113 - 118},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, marine, organic matter, PIE LMER, sedimentary organic material, stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00100-4},
	author = {Fry, B. and Hopkinson, C. and Nolin, A. and Wainright, S.}
}
@inbook {PIE10,
	title = {Drainage basins, river systems, and anthropogenic change: the Chinese example},
	booktitle = {Asian Change in the Context of Global CHange: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Changes in Asia on Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Synthesis},
	pages = {210-244},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	keywords = {anthropogenic, LTER-PIE, model, river},
	author = {Vorosmarty, C. J. and Li, C. and Sun, J. and Dai, Z.},
	editor = {J. Galloway and J. Melillo}
}
@article {PIE9,
	title = {Estimation of dispersion and characteristic mixing times in Plum Island Sound Estuary},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {333-350},
	keywords = {average age, average esidence time, average transit time, dispersion, estuary, LTER-PIE, Massachusetts coast, tidal prism},
	doi = {10.1006/ecss.1997.0281},
	author = {Vallino, J. J. and Hopkinson, C.S.}
}
@article {PIE5,
	title = {Influence of the benthos on growth of planktonic estuarine bacteria },
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {109-118},
	keywords = {bacteria, bacterial growth, dissolved organic matter, DOC, DON, estuarine sediments, LTER-PIE, organic matter},
	doi = {10.3354/ame016109},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Giblin, A.E. and Garritt, R.H. and Tucker, J. and Hullar, M.A.J.}
}
@article {PIE3,
	title = {Measuring 15N-NH4 in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters: an adaptation of the ammonium diffusion method for samples with low ammonium concentrations.},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {235-243},
	keywords = {ammonium, analytical methods, diffusion, estuarine, fresh water, inorganic nutrients, N-15, PIE LMER, sea water},
	doi = {10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00099-6},
	author = {Holmes, R.M. and McClelland, J. and Sigman, D.M. and Fry, B. and Peterson, B.J.}
}
@techreport {PIE6,
	title = {Nonpoint source comprehensive implementation program for the Mill River sub-watersheds},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Coastal},
	pages = {13},
	institution = {Massachusetts DEP and US EPA},
	keywords = {LTER-PIE, Mill River, non point source},
	author = {Leahy, K. and Buchsbaum, R.}
}
@techreport {PIE1,
	title = {The Plum Island Sound/River ecosystem: Current status and future management},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum Data},
	pages = {311},
	institution = {Plum Island Sound Minibay Project, Massachusetts Bays Program},
	keywords = {ecosystem, PIE LMER, water quality},
	author = {Buchsbaum, R. and Cooper, A. and LeBlanc, J.}
}
@article {PIE8,
	title = {Population size and site fidelity of <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> in a macrotidal saltmarsh creek},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {195},
	year = {1998},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {238-239},
	keywords = {fish population, Fundulus, LTER-PIE, mummichog, population dynamics, saltmarsh creek, site fidelity},
	doi = {10.2307/1542858},
	author = {Sweeney, J. and Deegan, L. and Garritt, R.}
}
@article {PIE7,
	title = {A preliminary evaluation of sedimentation rates and species distribution in Plum Island estuary, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {195},
	year = {1998},
	note = {REU},
	pages = {232-233},
	keywords = {estuary, LTER-PIE, organic matter, salt marsh, sedimentation},
	doi = {10.2307/1542855},
	author = {Schmitt, C. and Weston, N.B. and Hopkinson, C.}
}
@article {PIE4,
	title = {Terrestrial inputs of organic matter to coastal ecosystems: An intercomparison of chemical characteristics and bioavailability},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1998},
	note = {PI Plum LMER Data},
	pages = {211-234},
	keywords = {elemental composition, lability, organic carbon, organic matter, organic nitrogen, PIE LMER, rivers},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1006016030299},
	author = {Hopkinson, C. S. and Buffam, I. and Hobbie, J. and Vallino, J. and Perdue, M. and Eversmeyer, B. and Prahl, F. and Covert, J. and Hodson, R. and Moran, M.A. and Smith, E. and Baross, J. and Crump, B. and Findlay, S. and Foreman, K.}
}
